(1) discriminatory pressure. In the same sentence, different stress positions have different meanings. For example:
I invite you to dance. I'll ask you to dance (give me face? )
I invite you to dance. I will invite you to dance. (I'm not asking you to sing)
② Contrast stress. For example:
Water flows from you to me, not from me to you
2. Common expressions of stress
The method of increasing the volume is to read the stress more heavily and loudly. Let the storm come more violently!
Extend syllables, such as "Zhou Zongli, where are you?"
Word by word, that is, make a necessary pause before the words to be emphasized to make their language clearer, more powerful and more touching. For example, a scholar is a happy person: "There are many inequalities in the world, such as wealth inequality and rights inequality, but the possession or loss of reading ability is reflected in spiritual inequality."
The exaggerated value adjustment method exaggerates the emphasized words to achieve the rendering effect. For example, "National Honor": "In peacetime, only such a large-scale confrontational competition between countries can arouse that distant and sacred emotion, that is, fighting for the motherland!"
Stress reading method means that the volume of the words, words or sentences to be emphasized is reduced, the syllables are lengthened and the breath is increased. It is often used to render artistic conception and express deep, dignified, reserved, restrained or joyful feelings. It sounds very light and weak, and the effect is like thunder rolling out of the bottom of my heart. For example, "The water in Lijiang River is so quiet ..." Another example is "The ship is moving and the stars are moving. They are so low that they are really tottering! "
Stress is not all stress, but can also be emphasized in various ways, such as speed, strength, height, reality, suspension and so on. The following are common:
(1) strengthens in weakness. For example, "A long time ago, cats didn't eat mice."
2 see the high in the low. For example, "Don't be upset. You see, it is like cow hair, like a needle, like a filament, and it is densely woven. "
(3) Fast and slow. For example, "in the garden, in the field, look, there are many." (The word "full" slows down, making people feel invisible. )
(4) Shortcomings in reality. For example, "the grass slipped out of the soil, tender and green."
⑤ There are stops in the company. For example, "What's the hurry between coming and going?" Pause before emphasizing to play a prominent role. )
Class can't stop (Taiwan Province Province) Liu Yong
There are often snowstorms in winter in new york. Snowflakes on the face not only make people unable to open their eyes, but even suck in cold snowflakes. Sometimes it was sunny the night before, and the curtain was opened the next day, but it snowed so hard that even the door could not be pushed open.
In this case, companies and shops often stop working, and schools also announce the suspension of classes through radio. But it is puzzling that only public primary schools are still open. I saw the yellow school bus and struggled to pick up the children on the side of the road. The teacher blew hot air in his mouth early in the morning, shoveled the snow in front of and behind the car, and drove to school carefully.
According to statistics, in the past ten years, only seven public primary schools in new york were closed due to super snowstorms. What a surprise. Adults don't have to go to work. Is it worthwhile to send children to school? Is it too bad for primary school teachers?
As a result, every time it snows heavily, the primary school doesn't stop classes, and parents call to scold. Strangely, everyone on the phone has the same reaction-first, ask angrily, then apologize, and finally hang up with a smile. The reason is that the school told parents that there are many millionaires in new york, but there are also many poor families. The latter can't afford heating and lunch during the day. Children's nutrition depends entirely on the free lunch at school, and they can even take more home for dinner. If the school is closed for one day, the poor children will starve for one day, and the teachers would rather suffer for themselves than suspend classes. //
Maybe some parents will say: Why not let the rich children stay at home and let the poor children go to school to enjoy heating and nutritious lunch? The school's answer is: We don't want those poor children to feel that they are receiving relief, because the highest principle of charity is to safeguard the dignity of the recipients.
(3) Tone (intonation)
Tone refers to the sound form that can express the speaker's feelings and attitudes in one sentence. Intonation is the sum of various sound forms such as external speed, height, length, strength, virtual reality and so on. Intonation is expressed in terms of tone.
There are four common intonation types:
1. The treble "↗" is generally used to express questions, surprises, joy, excitement, calls, agitation, rhetorical questions, rhetorical questions and calls. This intonation is characterized by a low sentence beginning and a high sentence end. It is often used in general questions, rhetorical questions, and pauses before the end of a sentence, or the first half of a long sentence. For example:
Stick to your nobility: "As a person, Ryan is undoubtedly very great. This greatness lies in that he always adheres to his own principles and gives a noble soul a beautiful home. Even if he encounters the greatest resistance, he must find a way to win. "
Don't you think it's simple, earnest and unyielding, at least symbolizing the farmers in the north? ↗ (rhetorical question)
Is this for me? ↗ (question)
(3) Miss Wang! Miss Wang! ↗ (Call)
4 ah! You got a hundred points! ↗ (amazing)
Five students! We won the game! ↗ (Joy and excitement)
6. The mountains cover the white sun, and the oceans deplete the golden rivers. But you have expanded your horizons by 300 miles, ↗ ...
In addition, when people's thoughts and emotions contain emotions such as anger, impatience, happiness, excitement, etc., that is, when feelings are relatively strong, the tone will rise.
2. Low falling tone (↘). Generally used to express affirmation, request, exclamation, wish, etc. Intonation is characterized by a high sentence beginning and a low sentence ending. Generally speaking, the falling tone is a semi-falling tone, and the full falling tone must be used when emphasizing the tone. It is often used in general declarative sentences, exclamatory sentences, imperative sentences and intimate conversations. For example, the first snow: this is the first snow in Jiaodong Peninsula since winter.
Fish girl, do something good! ↘ (Request)
The east wind is coming, and the pace of spring is coming! ↘ (affirmative, half down slightly restrained)
(3) Wang Mujiang is really a good cook! ↘ (Express sigh tone, put it all down)
Great motherland, may you always rise like the sun! ↘ (make a wish, squat down, squat down a little)
In addition, when the mood is stable, sincere, patient and heavy, the tone will drop. For example, people wear black gauze on their arms and white flowers on their chests, looking at the direction where Premier Zhou's hearse is coming. ↘
3. Monotone (→). It is generally used to express a solemn, serious and dull tone, which is dull and soothing. The sentences described or explained are often straightforward.
For example, Made by Genius: "In a slum in Rio de Janeiro, there was a boy who liked football very much, but he couldn't afford it, so he kicked plastic boxes, soda bottles and coconut shells picked up from the trash can."
Another example is "Friends and Others": "My friend is afraid to go home to see his mother for fear that the old man will be frightened, but he will come to see us with joy. Old friends can appreciate this change with interesting eyes. "
It is wrong to want to get rich from me. (contempt, indifference)
The Monument to the People's Heroes stands in the center of Tiananmen Square. (solemn and serious)
4. Tortuous sound (~). Generally used to express sarcastic, implicit or impatient, frivolous, disgusting, suspicious, unexpected and other tone. Most of these tones fall first and then rise, or rise first and then fall. Sentence language twists and turns, wave-like, mostly when expressing special feelings. Different from other sentence patterns, it appears at the end of the sentence, but it appears in different positions of the sentence as needed. For example, Haiyan: "These sea ducks can't enjoy the joy of fighting in their lives, and the roaring thunder scares them."
(1) what a "friendly person", ⌒ what is it! ⌒
(2) you say! Say something! ⌒
You are the monitor; You can't die. (sarcastic)
(4) rhythm
The rhythm of language refers to the sound combination form in which opposing factors such as slow, high, long, tonal, light, false and timbre are repeated regularly in a certain period of time.
There are six types of reading rhythm:
Relaxed type: the intonation is more encouraging and less restrained, the pronunciation is lighter and less heavy, the sentences are more continuous and less paused, the language flow is light and lively, and more cheerful and joyful feelings are expressed. Such as: Zhu Ziqing's Spring.
Deep type: depressed tone, heavy voice, long pause time, deep timbre, slow language flow, and more sad and sentimental feelings. Like the little match girl.
Dignified type: more restrained intonation, less brisk pronunciation, more pauses and less continuous reading of sentences, stable and dignified language flow, and more expression of serious and thoughtful emotions. For example, The Last Lesson and The Back.
Soothing type: the tone is definitely less restrained, the voice is clear and soft, the breath is smooth, the language flow is stretched, and more calm and stretched emotions are expressed. For example, sunrise at sea and winter in Jinan.
Tension type: the tone is more positive than negative, the pronunciation is more light, the tone is strong and short, the language flows faster, and the emotions expressed are more urgent, exciting and atmospheric. For example, The Last Speech.
High-pitched type: high-pitched tone, loud voice, coherent sentences and fluent language, which are often used to express warm, heroic, passionate and forceful momentum. For example, praise for poplars and petrels.
In fact, a work is not a consistent rhythm, but is dominated by a certain type and penetrates into other types, which not only shows the concreteness of rhythm, but also shows the richness of rhythm.
Rhythm conversion method:
If you want to promote, first suppress, if you want to suppress, first promote:
Slow down first, slow down first;
If you want to be light, you should first, and if you want to be heavy, you should first;
(5) Speed of speech
Speech speed refers to the speech speed when reading aloud, which is an important means to reflect the rhythm of speech and express the thoughts and feelings of works. The Outline of Putonghua Proficiency Test newly compiled by the State Language Committee points out: "The normal speech speed of Putonghua is moderate, with about 240 syllables per minute. Roughly floating between 150-300 syllables. " Above or below 240 syllables per minute are fast and slow respectively.
Generally speaking, fast means warm, urgent, cheerful and other occasions; Slow refers to carefree, calm, heavy, disappointed, painful, soothing, distant and other occasions. In reading and reciting, in order to "strengthen the literary momentum and broaden the literary meaning", some people choose to express it with lightning speed, just like the iron horse protruding, the jade plate pouring pearls, the wind and rain raging, and the waterfall rushing, which makes people breathless and has a stirring language momentum, which is traditionally called "infiltration". Some people often use slow expressions to express their feelings or emphasize, just like beautiful sunshine and white clouds and warm spring breeze, which makes people feel clear and noble; Or just like the slow application of the iron broom, the low beating of the drums makes people tremble.
The speed of speech should change according to the work content. Usually, explain the content of the narrative, nervous situation, excited mood, and express it quickly; The content of lyrical discussion, quiet and serious environment, calm or sad mood, expressed at a slow speed. For example, reading Dude's "The Last Lesson" has a slower pace at the beginning. Little Francis wanted to play truant because he was late and was afraid of being scolded. He is still hesitating about going to school. But he finally hurried to school. When I read: "... I rushed out of breath into Mr. Hamel's yard", the beat was slightly accelerated to express his anxiety. When recalling the scene of "Ordinary Days", we still read aloud at a faster speed "... open the desk and close the desk, and everyone dare not recite it with their ears covered ..." It reproduces the chaotic scene in the usual class and forms a strong contrast with today's "last lesson" French class. But when I read that Mr. Hamel said, "My children, this is the last time I will teach you," the beat began to slow down.
To master the change of speech speed, we should also pay attention to: fast but not chaotic, slow and continuous, strong but not turbid (not hoarse), weak but not detailed. In short, when reading or reciting, we should proceed from the reality of the ideological content of the work, grasp the coordination and natural transformation of speed and speech speed, ensure the coordination and unity of oral style, and enhance the expressive force and appeal of reading.