(1) Fall pneumonia: The patient stays in bed for a long time, and the chest expansion is limited, which reduces the effective ventilation. Bed rest will also make it difficult to discharge secretions in the respiratory tract, and a large amount of mucus will accumulate in the respiratory tract, which will interfere with the function of cilia in the airway to discharge foreign bodies. Because the patient is weak, he doesn't have enough strength to cough up phlegm. If this situation continues, lung infection will occur, leading to falling pneumonia.
(2) Carbon dioxide retention: the effective ventilation in the lungs is reduced and secretions are accumulated, which will interfere with the normal exchange of oxygen and lead to carbon dioxide retention.
Preventive and control measures:
① Half-sitting position is the first choice for bed rest, followed by lateral position. Semi-sitting and lying position can enhance vital capacity, which is beneficial to the recovery of lung function and promote sputum excretion.
② Insist on helping patients turn over and pat their backs regularly every day. Generally, turn over every 2-4 hours 1 time and pat the back 2-4 times a day. When patting the back, the wrist should be relaxed and the force should be even, so it is better to make an empty head jar sound. Follow the direction of bronchial walking in turn, from inside to outside, from bottom to top, and pat each part for about 1 minute.
③ Encourage patients to cough when they have phlegm, and don't put it in their mouth or swallow it. Those with sticky sputum or unfavorable expectoration should first wet the airway (such as inhaling atomized liquid), then take a deep breath, and at the same time cooperate with turning over, patting the back and coughing to promote the timely discharge of sputum.
④ When the elderly patients are in good condition, they can exercise their respiratory function in a semi-recumbent or sitting position in bed every day, that is, lip-contraction breathing and abdominal breathing, which can promote diaphragm movement, increase alveolar ventilation and improve lung ventilation. Exercise every time 10- 15 minutes, 1-2 times a day.