1, customer management
2. Clue management
3. Access management
4. Business opportunity management
5. Order management
6. Report management
7. Approval process management
8. Business process management
9. Authority management
What is the main difference between enzymes and inorganic catalysts?
1, the same point: 1) changes the chemical reaction rate with little consumption; 2) only catalyze the existing chemical reaction; 3) Accelerate the chemical reaction rate and shorten the time to reach equilibrium without changing the equilibrium point; 4) Reduce the activation energy and accelerate the chemical reaction rate. 5) Poisoning will occur.
2. The difference is the characteristics of the enzyme: 1) high efficiency: the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme is higher than that of the inorganic catalyst, which makes the reaction speed faster;
2) Specificity: an enzyme can only catalyze one or one substrate, such as protease can only catalyze the hydrolysis of protein into polypeptide; 3) Diversity: There are many kinds of enzymes, about 4,000 kinds; 4) Mildness: chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes are generally carried out under mild conditions; 5) Activity adjustability: including inhibitor and activator regulation, feedback inhibition regulation, valence modification regulation and allosteric regulation; 6) The catalysis of some enzymes is related to cofactors.
What are the three main aspects of saving electricity? There is no specific contact information.
I want to save energy.
1. After the design meets the design requirements, there can be no other energy loss (for example, it is best to have less heat and more light for lamps and less heat and less light for electric furnaces).
2. If you can close the reverse side, you can close the reverse side, and if you can't, you don't have to. (For example, unplug the computer after it is turned off. )
I can't think of anything. Think for yourself.
1 what are the main aspects of the implementation procedures of construction project supervision? 2 What are the main principles for implementing construction project supervision? Implementation procedure of construction project supervision
(a) to determine the project chief supervision engineer, the establishment of project supervision institutions
The supervision unit shall appoint competent personnel as the chief supervision engineer of the project according to the scale and nature of the construction project and the owner's requirements for supervision. The chief supervision engineer is the chief supervision of the construction project, and he is responsible for the supervision unit internally and the owner externally.
The personnel composition of supervision institutions is an important content in supervision bidding, which is recognized by the owner in the process of bid evaluation. When establishing a project supervision organization, the chief supervision engineer should establish it according to the supervision outline and the contents of the entrusted supervision contract signed, and make timely adjustments in the implementation of supervision planning and specific implementation plan.
(two) the preparation of construction project supervision planning
Construction project supervision planning is a programmatic document to carry out project supervision activities, and its content will be introduced in Chapter 6.
(3) Formulate detailed rules for the implementation of supervision by various disciplines.
The related content will be introduced in Chapter 6.
(4) Standardize supervision.
The standardization of supervision work is embodied in:
(1) Timing of work. This means that all the work of supervision should be carried out in a certain logical order.
(2) The rigidity of division of responsibilities. The supervision of construction projects is completed by experts of different majors and levels. Among them, strict division of responsibilities is the premise of coordinating supervision work, and it is also an important guarantee to achieve supervision objectives.
(3) the certainty of work objectives. On the basis of the division of responsibilities, the specific objectives of each supervision work should be determined, and the time limit for completion should also be stipulated, so as to check and evaluate the supervision work and its effect through the report materials.
(five) to participate in the supervision and acceptance of construction projects and sign opinions.
After the completion of the construction project, the supervision unit shall organize the pre-acceptance before the formal acceptance, and communicate with the construction unit in time for the problems found in the pre-acceptance, and put forward the rectification requirements. The supervision unit shall participate in the project completion acceptance organized by the owner and sign the opinions of the supervision unit.
(six) submit the construction project supervision files to the owner.
After the completion of construction project supervision, the supervision files submitted by the supervision unit to the owner shall be agreed in the contract documents of entrusted supervision. If there is no clear stipulation in the contract, the supervision unit shall generally submit: design changes, engineering change materials, supervision mandatory documents, various visa materials and other files.
(VII) Summary of supervision work
After the supervision work is completed, the project supervision organization should summarize the supervision work in time from two aspects. The first is the summary of supervision work submitted to the owner, which mainly includes: an overview of the performance of the entrusted supervision contract, the evaluation of the completion of supervision tasks or objectives, the list of office buildings, vehicles and test facilities provided by the owner for supervision activities, and the instructions indicating the end of supervision work. Secondly, the supervision work summary submitted to the supervision unit mainly includes: (1) supervision work experience, which can be the experience of adopting some supervision techniques and methods, the experience of adopting some economic and organizational measures, the experience of entrusting supervision contract execution or how to deal with the relationship with owners and contractors; (2) Problems existing in supervision work and suggestions for improvement.
Implementation principles of construction project supervision
When the supervision unit is entrusted by the owner to supervise the construction project, it shall observe the following basic principles:
1. Principles of impartiality, independence and autonomy
Supervision engineers must respect science and facts in construction project supervision, organize all parties to cooperate and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of all parties. To this end, we must adhere to the principles of justice, independence and autonomy. Although both the owner and the contractor are independent economic entities, but their economic goals are different, the supervision engineer should coordinate the consistency of both sides on the basis of the relationship of rights, responsibilities and benefits agreed in the contract. Only when the project is completed according to the contract, the owner can realize the purpose of investment, and the contractor can realize the value of the products he produces, obtain the project payment and realize the profit.
2. The principle of consistency of power and responsibility
The responsibility of the supervision engineer shall be consistent with the authority granted by the owner. The supervision authority of the supervision engineer depends on the authorization of the owner. The granting of this right is not only reflected in the entrusted supervision contract signed by the owner and the supervision unit, but also should be used as the contract condition for the owner and the contractor to sign the construction project contract. Therefore, the supervision engineer should negotiate with the owner to clarify the corresponding authorization after clarifying the supervision objectives and requirements of the supervision work put forward by the owner, and clearly embody it in the entrusted supervision contract and the construction project contract after reaching the knowledge of * * *. Accordingly, the supervision engineer can carry out supervision activities. The chief supervision engineer, on behalf of the supervision unit, fully performs the entrusted supervision contract of the construction project and undertakes the obligations and responsibilities of the supervision party to the owner as determined in the contract. Therefore, in the implementation of the entrusted supervision contract, the supervision unit should fully authorize the chief supervision engineer, reflecting the principle of consistency of power and responsibility.
3. The principle of overall supervision engineer responsibility system
The chief supervision engineer is the person in charge of all the work of engineering supervision. To establish and improve the chief supervision engineer responsibility system, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between rights, responsibilities and benefits, improve the project supervision organization, have a scientific operation system and modern management means, and form an efficient decision-making command system headed by the chief supervision engineer.
The connotation of the chief supervision engineer responsibility system includes:
(1) The chief supervision engineer is the responsible subject of project supervision. Responsibility is the core of the chief supervision engineer's responsibility system, which constitutes the work pressure and motivation of the chief supervision engineer, and is also the basis for determining the power and interests of the chief supervision engineer. Therefore, the chief supervision engineer should be responsible for the owner and the supervision unit.
(2) The chief supervision engineer is the power subject of project supervision. According to the requirements of the chief supervision engineer to take responsibility, the chief supervision engineer comprehensively leads the construction project supervision work, including setting up project supervision institutions, presiding over the preparation of construction project supervision plans, organizing the implementation of supervision activities, and summarizing, supervising and evaluating the supervision work.
4. The principle of strict supervision and enthusiastic service.
Strict supervision means that supervisors at all levels strictly control construction projects in accordance with national policies, regulations, norms, standards and contracts, earnestly perform their duties in accordance with established procedures and systems, and strictly supervise contractors.
The supervision engineer should also provide enthusiastic service to the owner, and "should use reasonable skills and work cautiously and diligently". Because the owners are generally unfamiliar with the management and technical business of construction projects, the supervision engineer should provide good services to the owners in various directions and levels in accordance with the requirements of the entrusted supervision contract and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the owners. However, we can't blindly transfer the risk to the contractor, thus damaging the legitimate economic interests of the contractor.
5. The principle of comprehensive benefits
Construction project supervision activities should not only consider the economic benefits of the owners, but also consider the organic unity with social benefits and environmental benefits. Although the construction project supervision activities can only be carried out under the entrustment and authorization of the owner, the supervision engineer must first strictly abide by the national construction management laws, regulations and standards. With a highly responsible attitude and sense of responsibility, we are not only responsible for the owners, but also responsible for the country and society to achieve the best comprehensive benefits. Only when the macroeconomic, social and environmental benefits are met can the microeconomic benefits of the owner's investment projects be realized.
What are the main aspects of tourism real estate's overall planning? The overall planning of tourism real estate requires high comprehensive quality, including the maximization of tourism resources integration, the quality of professional practice, the concretization and systematization of operation links, and the integration of overall planning.
Beijing Heshanyuyi Planning and Design Institute believes that the overall case planning of tourism real estate mainly includes the following contents:
1. Internal and external investigation: No matter what kind of planning, investigation is the basis and premise of the whole case planning, because the whole case planning is not imagination and creativity.
Second, strategic planning: strategy is the goal of the enterprise. Without a clear goal, enterprises will have no direction, and no amount of efforts will be in vain.
Third, product planning: products are the lifeblood of enterprises, and any enterprise exists in the market because of products.
Fourth, brand planning: brand is the external embodiment of the core competitiveness of enterprises, an important means for enterprises to participate in market competition, and the fundamental driving force for sustainable development of enterprises.
5. Marketing planning: Marketing is the key to enterprise development, and the correct marketing strategy can enable enterprises to occupy the market quickly.
6. Team building: Team is the foundation of enterprise development, and excellent case planning team is the core guarantee of enterprise success.
7. Management system planning: A scientific, practical and standardized management system is the basis for building an excellent team and the premise for the team to work efficiently.
Eight, financial planning: the development of enterprises is not only the amount of funds needed, but also the cost minimization and value maximization, but the clever use of funds.
9. Resource integration: The development of an enterprise is the result of resource integration, so how to integrate resources is the key to enterprise development.
X. Corporate social value planning: The survival value of an enterprise lies in its social value, which is the foundation of its long-lasting foundation.
What are the main aspects of mechanical manufacturing? The scope of mechanical manufacturing is very wide. Spacecraft, aircraft, warships, tanks and artillery can be said that military enterprises all belong to this category, as well as mechanical equipment, vehicles, construction machinery and electrical equipment. All enterprises that process raw materials into various parts and finished equipment through mechanical equipment belong to the machinery manufacturing industry.
Including production, processing, procurement and outsourcing.
What are the main aspects of reform and opening up? 1, focusing on the reform of property rights system and the adjustment of property rights relations.
Reformers may not realize that the original reform with the content of "decentralization and profit-making" was property right reform, and there was no property right theory as a guide at that time. However, this reform is essentially an adjustment of rights relations. This choice may be driven by the internal power of institutional change and human instinctive choice. Whether it is rural reform, urban reform or related reforms, the relationship between responsibility and rights and its institutional adjustment are the core and main line. Rural reform mainly includes: the implementation of household contract responsibility system, the reform of agricultural products circulation system, the establishment, development and reform of township enterprises, the reform of joint-stock cooperative system based on household contract responsibility system, and agricultural industrialization. Examining this process, we find that the essence of each step of reform is "property right system reform" or "property right relationship adjustment". In fact, the reform of state-owned enterprises is the reform of property rights system from the beginning, because the reforms of decentralization, tax reform, contract management responsibility system, lease management responsibility system and joint-stock system are essentially to adjust the property rights relationship between enterprises and * * *. The reform of corporate governance structure is essentially the definition and adjustment of the rights and responsibilities of enterprise stakeholders.
2. Take the weakest link in the old system or the agricultural system with the strongest demand in the new system as a breakthrough.
Generally speaking, China's economic system reform started from the rural land property right system and the production organization system. Why did institutional change first occur in rural areas? We think this is a rational choice that meets the objective needs. The system of unified purchase and marketing of agricultural products, scissors difference and household registration management system have caused great losses to farmers. The people's commune system, which combines politics with society, is called collective economy, which is actually a disguised state-owned economy. Different from urban collective and state-owned economy, the state basically "manages but does not include" rural collective economy. In this way, the opportunity cost of rural reform is very low, and the demand for new systems in rural areas is even stronger. Therefore, compared with cities, the old system in rural areas is easier to be broken and the new system is easier to produce. After spontaneous institutional changes, it can be quickly recognized and supported by * * *.
3. Allow the new system to emerge outside the old system, that is, the incremental adjustment of the system goes hand in hand with the adjustment of the system stock, and the former promotes the latter.
China's economic system really relies on incremental reforms and breakthroughs outside the system to reform the structure of the economic system and promote or force the reform of the old system. This is one of the important reasons and main experiences for the success of gradual reform, which should be fully affirmed. However, we can't think that the success of China's gradual reform and sustained economic growth depend on the development of non-state-owned economy. Structural reform and economic growth are "two legs". The system of public ownership economy (including collective economy and state-owned economy) has been reforming, even earlier than the emergence of non-public ownership economy. The reform of the collective agricultural economic system and state-owned enterprises, including the reform of the land system, began in the late 1970s. Moreover, while emphasizing the positive role of reform outside the system, we must never ignore the great role of the state-owned economy in reform and development. Compared with the non-state-owned economy, the marketization process of the state-owned economy is slow, which is not conducive to the marketization process, but it can make a large number of economic resources, especially the departments related to the lifeline of the national economy, under the direct control of * *, which is not only conducive to maintaining social, political and economic stability, but also conducive to controlling various contradictions in the transition process, and can make up for the shortage of the market through the adjustment of * *, overcome the defects of the market and give full play to *. In fact, the state-owned economy bears the cost for the gradual reform and the development of the non-public economy in China. We assume that the state-owned economic system has been completely changed from the beginning. Then, can the non-public economy develop to the present level? Can China's economic system reform proceed smoothly? The answers to these questions may have to change.
4. The multi-agent joint innovation system including * * * plays an important role.
The initial subjects in the process of China's economic system change may be quite different, but in the process of system design and change, it is a multi-agent joint innovation system with changing roles. Among them, * * *, as a member of multiple subjects, plays an important role in system innovation.
Take rural reform as an example. As has been analyzed before, the changes of rural economic system include many aspects, among which the most important ones are household contract responsibility system, joint-stock cooperative system and ongoing institutional innovation suitable for agricultural industrialization. At each stage, different subjects play different roles and play different roles, and the roles and functions at different stages are also different. * * * Although it does not play a leading role or field in every reform or every link of reform, its role as an important subject of institutional change is undeniable.
As a kind of system innovation, the household contract responsibility system has been extended to the whole country in a short time, which belongs to the promotion of the new system. In this process, the central government is the most important subject. Its recognition and support for the household contract responsibility system greatly dispelled the concerns of farmers and local governments at all levels, and made the new system popular as soon as possible. Of course, the most basic and important fact is that this reform not only infringes on the vested interests of a few people, but also benefits farmers, central and local governments and urban residents. It basically belongs to Pareto improvement, and everyone supports the reform from their own interests.
The household contract responsibility system also has limitations. Or did the farmers themselves naturally create a system form-joint-stock cooperative system-which sublated the household contract responsibility system and adapted to the further expansion of production scale in the middle and late 1980s? There is no doubt that farmers themselves are the protagonists, and they are the designers and implementers of the system. Whether it is the central government or the local government, it is basically recognition, compliance and guidance.
With the development of agricultural industrialization, the corresponding institutional innovation began in the mid-1990s. Farmers are now aware of the disadvantages of small-scale family management. Therefore, farmers themselves are exploring, and they are still the protagonists of innovation.
The development of township enterprises is not only an industrial revolution in rural areas of China, but also an important innovation in the whole rural economic system, which can be compared with the household contract responsibility system in agriculture. This kind of innovation has a process. In different stages of this process, different innovation subjects and their relationships have changed. Almost at the same time that the household contract system has just been fully implemented, "Shedui enterprises" began to implement the contract system, that is, communes and brigades contracted out some "capable people". These "capable people" are all farmers, the "grass-roots cadres" among farmers, or the original operators of "shedui enterprises". The first step of system innovation is that "grass-roots cadres" play a leading role, and collective representatives-communes, brigades, production teams, local governments, central governments and farmers-participate in it, and there are almost no targets, because it is beneficial to any group, class and country. The central government and local governments obviously support it, but it is not the initiator and leader of innovation, nor the protagonist.
In the mid-1980s, some bold farmers began to invest in enterprises. Some are independent, family-run, and some are farmers' partnership, which makes the self-organization of township enterprises appear new forms-family enterprises and partnership enterprises. Non-public township enterprises have achieved extraordinary development. Farmers themselves are still the protagonists of innovation. * * *, especially the central government * * * has played a role of "concession" or "concession", which is the so-called "concession policy". For example, the State Council Document No.4 1984 recognizes and allows individual or joint investment. Of course, "release" itself is also a kind of "participation" in innovation, which is different from obstruction or wait-and-see and general "support". In this sense, * * * is also an important subject of this system innovation.
Since 1990s, township enterprises have carried out deeper institutional innovation, aiming at connecting with modern market economy. The biggest feature is that * * *, especially at or above the county level, has basically withdrawn from the ranks of "institutional innovation subjects". Because after the first and second steps of liberalization, township enterprises have embarked on the road of self-development and self-innovation. In the case that * * * has no property right relationship with township enterprises, and township enterprises no longer need * * * to "release" what rights and give what policies, in the face of institutional innovation of township enterprises, * * * is at a loss. Since 1990s, the evolution of township enterprises from partnership system to joint-stock cooperative system, and even to limited liability companies, joint-stock companies and enterprise groups is a matter for township enterprises, township enterprise investors and farmers themselves. They conform to the needs of market and industrial changes, and naturally complete the innovation of property rights relations and internal organizational structure again and again. This is determined by their property rights, economic status and economic interests. They have property rights, so they have bargaining power, they can control the direction of institutional change, and they must also control it to safeguard their property rights.
Institutional innovation of state-owned enterprises Up to now, although the roles or functions of local governments, enterprises and employees are changing at different stages, the central government has always been the protagonist of innovation except for a short period in the initial stage of innovation, and it has always been dominated by it, deciding the direction and mode of innovation and organizing pilot and promotion.
5. From the law of institutional change and the reality of China, choose the way or road of gradual reform.
Theoretically, there are many ways or modes of institutional change. In practice, there are also many methods. People generally divide the unfinished reforms in many countries since the 20th century into two ways: gradual reform and radical reform or "shock therapy". Judging from the effect of the reform, many people think that the gradual reform represented by China is more successful. The main sign is that in the process of market-oriented reform, the economy has developed rapidly, and the average growth rate for 20 consecutive years is close to double digits; At the same time, the price increase is limited to the range that the public can bear. From 1979 to 1999, the average increase rate of social retail price was 6.6% (from 1985 to 1999, the average increase rate of consumer price was 8.9%), which did not reach double digits, so it did not endanger economic stability and social stability. Due to the rapid economic development, the rate of price increase is generally within the range of residents' tolerance, and the income and living standards of the people throughout the country have generally improved greatly, thanks to the reform.
The so-called gradual reform refers to the gradual reform of the economic system that restricts or hinders economic development in the process of economic development without major changes in the basic economic system. China's gradual reform is reflected in many aspects: starting from rural reform and then expanding to cities; First, focus on developing a non-state-owned economy that is more suitable for the market economy, and then focus on promoting the reform of the state-owned economy; Develop commodity market first, and then focus on developing factor market; Price reform should be adjusted first and then released, combined with adjustment and release, and gradually linked to the international market price; Production, circulation, price, etc. There are two-track systems inside and outside the plan, and then transition to the market single-track system; The reform and opening up of special economic zones and coastal cities should take a step ahead, gradually push inland and realize all-round opening up. The same is true of the method of promoting reform. First cross the river by feeling the stones, step by step, and then with the accumulation of experience, gradually implement the overall promotion of mutual coordination and support; What's more, it's easy first and then difficult. We should first reform those areas that are easy to change, and finally fight a tough battle-promoting the reform of state-owned enterprises.
The state-owned enterprises in China are closely related to the highly centralized planned economy system. Because the property right reform of state-owned enterprises involves the stability of national fiscal revenue and the employment and welfare guarantee of social members, it has always been the most complicated and difficult reform in China's economic reform. In order to maintain social stability, avoid the production decline that may be caused by the rapid reform of enterprises, lose the public's support for institutional changes, and improve the operating efficiency of enterprises, the institutional changes of Chinese enterprises are actually promoted through the combination of external changes and internal development. That is, the "two-legged" walking analyzed earlier.
Of course, we can only say that from the current situation, China's gradual reform is relatively successful. However, it also has its limitations. Moreover, we can't think or conclude that radical reform is unsuccessful or unsuccessful. Everything needs to be tested for a longer time. Different countries face different institutional change environments and constraints in different periods, and the choice of reform paths may be different.
Question: What are the terms of the clothing consignment agreement? Better have a template! 1。 Define the rights and obligations of both parties in the contract to prevent legal risks.
Specifically, according to your request, please ask a lawyer to help you draft it.
Patriotism does not include those aspects. Are you a multiple-choice question or something?
Patriotism includes many aspects, but what is not included must be indispensable!
For example, patriotism is an identification with one's own country, but it does not need to be blindly exclusive; (Is it patriotic to smash Japanese goods at the expense of compatriots? Blindly arrogant, slander others, can you erase its success? )
Accept the political parties and systems that identify with the country, but you can doubt and make progress; (For example, the Revolution of 1911 was patriotic; You can also understand that you love the nation and culture, and you also love individuals, political parties and regimes that represent the interests of the broad masses of the people.