China Dongwu Zhou Dynasty (*** 1)

Wu Zetian (reigned from 690 to 705): namely, Wu Zhao, the only female emperor in the history of China, the gifted scholar of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin, the queen of Li Zhi in Tang Gaozong, the biological mother of Li Xian in Tang Zhongzong and Li Dan in Tang Ruizong, and the Emperor of Wu Zhou; /kloc-entered the palace of the Tang Dynasty at the age of 0/4, was appreciated by Emperor Taizong for his beauty and courage, and later had an affair with Prince Li Zhi (later Emperor Gaozong); Emperor Taizong died in 649, and Gaozong succeeded to the throne, becoming the concubine of the former emperor and becoming a monk in Ganye Temple. 65 1 year, was re-entered into the Tang Palace; After a series of court struggles, she became the queen of Emperor Gaozong in 655, began to intervene in the political affairs of the court, and established a system of listening to politics, called "Tianhou" (Emperor Gaozong called "Emperor"), and mastered the actual power; In 684, after the death of her husband, Emperor Gaozong, she successively made her sons, Emperor Zhongzong and Zong Rui, and became the Empress Dowager, continuing to take power. In 690, Li Dan was forced to abdicate, so she changed to live in the Tang Dynasty, became a female emperor, called herself the "Emperor of the Holy Spirit", and established the Zhou Dynasty, known as the "Wuzhou Revolution" in history. In 705, she was forced to abdicate Crown Prince Li Xian because of the "Five Kings Coup", and was honored as the "Great Sage Emperor", becoming the only female emperor in the history of China. After his death, posthumous title changed many times, and his grandson, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, made him the Tianshun Saint Queen. Since she became Emperor Gaozong, she began to hold the supreme power until she abdicated, which lasted for 50 years. During his reign, he won most foreign wars and consolidated and expanded the territory of the Chinese Empire. Created the imperial examination and martial arts, developed the imperial examination system. Continue to implement the land equalization system, which has promoted agricultural production; Compared with the reign of Zhenguan, the country has made greater development, which is called "the rule of Wu Zhou" in history.

Byzantine Empire (that is, the Eastern Roman Empire, ***3)

Empress Irina (reigned from 797 to 802): Emperor Leo IV of Byzantine Isurian Dynasty, mother of Constantine VI, the first empress of Byzantine Empire and the last empress of Isurian Dynasty; In 780, after the death of her husband Leo IV, she made her son Constantine VI emperor and empress dowager, holding actual power. In 797, he abolished his son and became a queen. It was deposed in 802 and the Isurian dynasty ended. She is the only one in the history of Byzantine emperor who replaced the feminine (Greek: β α σ λ ε, English: empress) with masculine (Greek: β α σ? λ ι σ α, English: empress).

Macedonian Zoe (1042 ~ 1050 reigned): also known as "orthodox direct Zoe", the daughter of Macedonian emperor Constantine VIII and Byzantine empress Helena, Emperor Luo Menas III, and the second empress of Byzantine empire; Flo· Minas III succeeded to the throne after his father died. On 1034, she conspired with confidant eunuch John * * * to kill her husband. In the same year, she married Michelle from Pavre, Gogna, and helped her ascend to the throne, becoming Mikhail IV. 104 1 year, Mikhail iv died, and she made Mikhail v, her nephew and adopted son, emperor. Mikhail V tried to exclude her, but she won the support of the citizens of Constantinople, the capital loyal to the Macedonian dynasty, and abolished Mikhail V as the orthodox school of the Macedonian dynasty. She and her sister Tiodola were on the same footing in 1042. In the same year, he married Dante Of nine, who was in his sixties, and san huang ruled together.

Empress odola (reigned 1042- 1056): daughter of Macedonian emperors Constantine VIII and Helena, sister of Macedonian Zoe, the third and last queen of Byzantine Empire, and the last emperor of Macedonian dynasty; From 1042, his sister Zoe and brother-in-law Dante Of nine were the lords of the Byzantine Empire, and the three emperors were in power together; 1052, his sister Zoe, a Macedonian, died, and he took power with his brother-in-law Dante Of nine. 1054 Dante Of nine became a separate queen after her death; Without an heir, Mikhail VI was appointed to the throne before the death of 1056, and the Macedonian dynasty ended.

Vietnam (*** 1)

Li (reigned from 1224 to 1225): that is, Li, the only female emperor in Vietnamese history, the ninth and last emperor of the Lee Dynasty in Vietnam, and the second daughter Li, formerly known as Princess Zhao Sheng; 1224, Princess Shuntian, the eldest daughter of Hui Zong, got married without a male heir, so she was appointed as the wife of the emperor. In the same year, Chen Shou, a powerful minister, abolished Hui Zong and made him emperor. Seven years old, the actual power is in Shoudu's hands. 1225, she married her nephew Chen Ritong (namely Chen Taizong). In the same year, Zen was located in Fufu, and was demoted to Queen Zhao Sheng, and the Li Dynasty was replaced by the Chen Dynasty. Since there were no children, in 1237, Chen Shoudu forced Emperor Taizong to abdicate his throne and changed his name to Princess Zhaosheng. 1258, Emperor Taizong meditated on Prince Huang Chen for Chen Shengzong. Chen Shengzong married Princess Zhaosheng as the queen, which was an incest. In the same year, he gave birth to Chen Yun (later Chen Renzong); After his death, he mourned the emperor Zhao. She was a queen, and later became the queen of two emperors. Her son was also an emperor, a legendary woman in Vietnamese history.

Romanov Dynasty of Russian Empire (***4)

Catherine I (reigned from 1725 to 1727): Catherine I? Alexevna, the second queen of Peter I, the first emperor of Russian Empire, the second emperor and the first queen of Russian Empire; Originally the daughter of a Lithuanian farmer, she was captured by the Russian army in the Northern War, loved by Peter I and became his mistress. 17 12 officially became Queen Peter I; 1725, her husband Peter I became the queen with the support of the praetorian guard. Short reign, no political achievements; She had two sons and five daughters with Peter I, two of whom died young, and the second daughter grew up with this woman, the later Queen Elizabeth. After his death, there was no male heir, and his stepson Peter Alekseyevich Romanov succeeded to the throne.

Anna I (reigned from 1730 to 1740): full name Anna? Ivanovna, daughter of Russian Tsar Ivano V, niece of Emperor Peter I of Russian Empire, aunt of Peter Alekseyevich Romanov, the fourth emperor and second queen of Russian Empire; 17 10 married the Duke of Kurland, but her husband died within three months, so she became the Duchess of Kurland and a widow, and never got married. /kloc-in 0/740, his nephew, Emperor Peter Alekseyevich Romanov, died without children, so he became a queen. During his reign, he used foreign troops for a long time. In the war of succession to the throne in Poland, he joined forces with the Habsburg holy Roman Emperor Carl V (that is, King Carlos I of Spain) to fight against Louis XV of French Bourbon family and won, but he was frustrated in the war of attacking the Ottoman Empire in the south (the fourth Russian-Turkish war). He is famous for his romantic life and inherited his nephew Ivan VI without a queen.

Elizabeth I (reign time 174 1- 1762): full name Elizabeth? Petrovna, the daughter of Emperor Peter I and Empress Catherine I of the Russian Empire, the grandmother of the sixth emperor and the third empress Ivan VI of the Russian Empire; 174 1 year, launched a palace coup, overthrew his nephew Ivan VI, became queen on his own, and claimed to be the legal heir of Peter the Great; During his administration, he encouraged business development and revitalized the Russian economy. Funding literary and artistic creation, establishing Moscow University and Art College; Participated in the seven-year war, allied with the French and Austrian empires, and defeated Prussia many times. However, she granted privileges to nobles, which made the situation of serfs more difficult; Also known for his debauchery, he never married and had no heir after his death, which made his nephew Peter III inherit the throne.

Catherine II (reigned from 1762 to 1796): namely, Catherine the Great, whose full name is Catherine II? Alexevna, Emperor Peter III of the Russian Empire, the eighth emperor of the Russian Empire, and the fourth and last queen; Originally the daughter of a German duke, 1745 married Peter III. Queen Elizabeth died in 1762, and her husband Peter III became queen. In the same year, a palace coup was launched, which deposed her husband Peter III and made herself queen. During his reign, he launched the fifth and sixth Russian-Turkish wars and won, defeated the Ottoman Empire, annexed the Crimean Khanate and gained access to the Black Sea. Divided Poland with Prussia and Austria for three times, which made Russia an unprecedented position and became the largest empire in the world across Eurasia. Therefore, it was honored as "the Great" and was one of only two "Great" in Russian history (the other was Peter the Great); He had close contacts with Voltaire, a French enlightenment thinker, but his thoughts were still conservative and opposed to the French Revolution. Toy Boy is also famous for her romantic life. She is numerous, and her two sons (including Paul I who later succeeded to the throne) may be her and Toy Boy's sons (because her husband Peter III is infertile).

Japan (* * * 8th, 10 generation)

This is controversial because Japan changed its name from Emperor Tianwu to Emperor. Before that, its official title should be Wang, so it should not include Tugu Emperor and Huangdi. )

Pushing the ancient female emperor (reigned from 592 to 628): the daughter of Emperor Qin Ming, the younger sister and queen of Emperor Mingcheng, the younger sister of Emperor Chong, the 33rd generation emperor, and the first female emperor in Japanese history; In 592, after his younger brother was killed by Su, he was made emperor. At the beginning of his reign, he made my nephew Shoto Kutaishi the Crown Prince and carried out reforms. During his reign, he restricted aristocratic power, respected Buddhism, and sent envoys to visit the Sui Dynasty in China for four times, which initiated the Asuka period. He sent troops to the Korean peninsula to crusade against Silla many times, but all failed.

Empress Huang Ji (reigned from 642 to 645, especially Qi Ming, reigned from 655 to 66 1 year): Empress Shu Ming, sister Emperor Kotoku, the 35th and 37th emperors, the second female emperor in Japanese history; After Shu Ming died in 642, her husband was immediately taken over by powerful ministers Su Yi and Xia Yi. In 645, his eldest brother Prince (later Emperor Tianzhi) launched a palace coup to destroy the Soviet Union and enter the deer, which was a meditation on his brother Emperor Kotoku; After Emperor Kotoku died in 654, he was reunified the following year, and the real power was in the hands of his son, eldest brother and prince. In the later period of the rule, he was extravagant and extravagant, and was widely engaged in the palace; In the last year of his reign, he sent troops to the Korean peninsula to support Baekje, fought against Silla and Datang, and died in battle. Two years later (663), the Japanese and Baekje allied forces were defeated in the battle of Baijiangkou.

Female emperor (reigned from 690 to 697): the daughter of Emperor Tianzhi, the niece and empress of Emperor Tianwu, the 4th1generation emperor, and the third female emperor in Japanese history; In 686, after the death of Emperor Tianwu, his uncle and husband, it was called the imperial court. In 689, his son, Prince Cao Pi, died, and he officially acceded to the throne the following year. In 697, he meditated on his grandson, Emperor Wu Wen, who was called the Emperor's Father. During his reign, Japanese culture developed greatly and the Baifeng era began.

Empress in Yuan and Ming Dynasties (707-7 15 reigned): the daughter of Emperor Tianzhi, the sister and daughter-in-law of Emperor Zhi Zhi, the aunt and princess of Emperor Caobi, the grandmother and mother of Emperor Wu Wen, the 43rd generation emperor and the 4th female emperor in Japanese history; In 707, after the death of Wu Wen, his nephew and son, he succeeded to the throne, because his nephew and husband, Prince xelloss, had already died. In 7 15, he became the emperor of Zen. In 7 10, the capital was moved to Pingchengjing, which created the "Nara era" in Japanese history; In 7 15, she got Zen on her daughter Jacky and became the supreme emperor.

Empress Jacky (reigned from 765438 to 724): the daughter of Jiushibi and Yuan and Ming Empresses, the 44th generation emperor and the 5th female emperor in Japanese history; In 7 15, her mother, the female emperor in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, was in office. In 724, he meditated on his nephew Emperor Shengwu and became the supreme emperor.

Filial Piety Empress (reigned from 749 to 758, renamed as German Empress, reigned from 764 to 770): the daughter of Emperor Shengwu and Empress Guangming, the 46th and 48th generation emperors and the 6th female emperor in Japanese history; In 749, his father Emperor Shengwu ascended the throne. In 758, a distant cousin, Emperor Chunren, was the emperor's father, and he still held actual power. In 764, due to the Fujiwara Nakama rebellion, Emperor Chunren was deposed and re-established; During his reign, Tang envoys were sent to China many times, which was the heyday of Nara era. In his later years, he favored Taoist mirror and French king, which caused many disadvantages.

Empress Zheng Ming (reigned from 1629 to 1643): the daughter of Shuiyue Empress and Kazuko Tokugawa, 109 emperor, the seventh female emperor in Japanese history; 1629, after the death of his father, Emperor Shuiwei ascended the throne. During 1643, he meditated on his half-brother Yu Ji and became the emperor's father.

Empress Sakuramachi (reigned from 1762 to 1770): the daughter of Emperor Sakuramachi, the sister emperor Tanano, the seventh generation emperor in Japanese history, and the eighth and last female emperor so far; 1762, his brother Emperor Momozono died, and Ren Ying, the son of Emperor Momozono (later Emperor Taoyuan), was still young and acceded to the throne. 1770, after my nephew, Emperor Taoyuan entered Zen and continued to be the emperor's father.

Indian Empire (*** 1)

Alexandrina? Victoria (1877- 190 1 reigned), namely Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837- 190 1 reigned), the first British Indian emperor and the only British India. 1837, his uncle William IV died and became the queen of England; 1840, launched the Opium War, defeated the Qing Empire and signed the treaty of nanking, which was the first time that western powers signed an unequal treaty with China. 1877 accept the title of "Queen of India"; During his reign, Britain was unprecedentedly powerful, with great development in economy, science, literature and art, especially colonial rule, which made the British Empire enter its heyday and became the second "empire whose sun never sets" (the first was the Spanish Empire), known as the "Victorian Age"; Today, many rivers, lakes, deserts, waterfalls and cities in the world are named after her. Many children and grandchildren, married into the royal families of European countries, known as the "European grandmother."

Solomon dynasty was in Abyssinia (now Ethiopia, *** 1).

Zuo Tito (reigned1916-1930): illegitimate daughter of Abyssinia Emperor Sahle Miriam, the only queen in Ethiopian history (officially called "Queen of Kings"); 19 13 his father Sahle Miriam died, and his half-son, eyasu v, succeeded to the throne; 19 16 eyasu v was abolished, so he acceded to the throne as the queen, with his cousin Tafari? Prince Makonnen was the Regent and was established as the Crown Prince. Later, he disagreed with the Regent on the issue of reform or conservatism, secretly instigated his ex-husband to launch a local rebellion, but was suppressed by the Regent; 1930 died of panic in April; Regent acceded to the throne, that is, the last emperor of Abyssinia, Haier? Selassi i.