English translation: Confucius.
Confucius' experience
Confucius said, "Five out of ten, I am determined to learn; I am thirty years old; Forty without confusion; At the age of fifty, I knew my destiny; I am obedient at the age of sixty; I am still obedient at the age of seventy; I didn't cross the line. " This is Confucius' summary of all stages of his life.
Confucius lost his father at the age of 3 and moved to Kuili with his mother Yan Zhizai, where he was taught. When Confucius was young, he was "a child's play, forbidding the army as a gift." . When I was a child, my family was poor. 15 years old was determined to study. The dragon, on the other hand, became a "Commissioner" for managing warehouses and a "farmer" for managing cattle and sheep. He is open-minded and eager to learn, and has no regular teacher. According to legend, he invited Li to learn the truth of being a man from Changhong and the piano from the teacher. At the age of 30, he has become a well-known local scholar, and started a private school under his tutelage. Its ideological core is "benevolence", and "benevolence" means "love". He regards "benevolence" as the norm and purpose of benevolence, so that "benevolence" and "courtesy" can be used mutually. It is advocated that rulers should govern the people with virtue and treat others with courtesy, so as to reproduce the prosperous time of the Western Zhou Dynasty when "rites and music were conquered from the emperor" and realize their ideal of "great harmony".
When Confucius was 35 years old, he left because of civil strife in Lu. In order to get close, he became a vassal of the nobles of Qi State. The following year, Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about political affairs. Confucius said, "A monarch should be like a monarch, a minister should be like a minister, a father should be like a father, and a son should be like a son." Gong Jing appreciated it very much and wanted to use Confucius, but Yan Ying and Qi Xiang stopped him and had to give up. I want to return to Shandong as soon as possible, continue to learn knowledge and train my disciples. 5 1 year-old, served as the governor in the capital of Lu (now a local official in Wenshang West). The result of good governance is "one year, all directions follow". At the age of 52, he was promoted from Zhongduzai to an ordinary scout in Lu. In 500 BC (the tenth year of Lu), Lu and Qi joined forces in Oracle bones, and Confucius put forward that "those who have military affairs must have weapons and those who have military affairs must have documents". Trying to intimidate Lu Jun into submission, Confucius reprimanded him with courtesy, which saved national dignity, so that Qi Huangong had to agree to form an alliance to make peace and return Lu 'an and the three places to Lu. When Confucius was 54 years old, he was entrusted by Ji to take pictures. In order to improve the authority of the monarch, he put forward the idea of "reducing the three capitals" and restraining the three Huan (Dr. Lu San), but the result was opposed by the three doctors and failed. At the age of 55, the monarch and minister of Lu accepted the beauty presented by Qi, and indulged in debauchery all day long. Disappointed, Confucius abandoned his official position and left Shandong, leading his disciples around the world to find another opportunity to display his talents. During this time, he worked for more than 70 emperors, but nothing happened. In 484 BC (eleven years), Ji Kangzi of Lu listened to the persuasion of Confucius disciples and sent someone to pick him up from Weiguo.
Confucius returned to Shandong, although he was honored as the "old man of the country", but he was still not reused. Instead of seeking official positions, he continued to devote himself to education and document arrangement. He trained more than 3,000 disciples in his life, 72 of whom were proficient in six arts (etiquette, music, archery, imperial defense, calligraphy and mathematics). In teaching practice, a whole set of educational theories, such as teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, paying equal attention to learning and thinking, drawing inferences from others, inspiring and inducing, studying and teaching others tirelessly, and the learning attitude of "knowing what it is, not knowing what it is" and "not ashamed to ask questions", are praised by future generations. He deleted poems, wrote books, ordered rites and music, revised Chunqiu, and comprehensively sorted out China's ancient literature. Grow old together with Yi, and reach the realm of "Bian Wei's Three Musts".
At the age of 69, his only son Kong Li died. 7 1 year-old, Yan Hui, a favorite pupil, died of illness. Confucius was extremely sad and sighed: "Heaven has fallen! The sky is lost! " This year, someone caught a monster named Lin in Luxi and died soon. He thought that the appearance and death of Kirin, a symbol of kindness and good fortune, was an ominous sign of chaos in the world, so he stopped compiling the book Spring and Autumn Annals. At the age of 72, I was deeply saddened to learn that my son had died in a national disaster. The following year (479 BC), in February of the summer calendar, Confucius fell ill for 7 days and died.
The main words and deeds of Confucius' life were compiled by his disciples and his disciples into The Analects of Confucius, which became the classics of later Confucianism.
The full text of the Analects is read.net/cnread1/gdwx/k/Kong Zi /00 1/00 1.htm.
Confucius, three thousand disciples, seventy-two sages.
Confucius spent most of his life in the educational work of preaching, teaching and solving doubts. He created effective teaching methods; Summarized and advocated a set of correct learning principles; Formed a relatively complete teaching content system; Put forward a series of far-reaching educational thoughts; Set a good example of teachers' morality. Disciples: Zi Gong, Zeng, Gong Xihua, Zeng Shen, .........
political career
Like Li Bai, Confucius had a bumpy political experience. Confucius was keen on politics all his life. He had the passion to serve the country and his own political opinions. However, the supreme ruler always takes a distant and respectful attitude towards him. He has only been in politics for more than four years. In these four years, he has done a lot of things and his position has been promoted rapidly. But after all, they parted ways because of their different political views with those in power. By this time, he was over 50 years old. Forced by the situation, he left Shandong and began a political lobbying activity that was later called traveling around the world. /kloc-running around in the middle of 0/4, many times in distress, almost killed. Although he was welcomed back by Lu, Lu did not use Confucius after all.
Confucius wanted to do something since he was in his twenties, so he was very concerned about world affairs, often thinking about various issues of governing the country and often expressing some opinions. By the time he was 30, he was already famous. In the twenty years of Lu, he visited Lu and summoned Confucius to discuss the question of being king with him, and Confucius got to know him. In the twenty-fifth year of Lu, civil strife occurred in Lu, and Lu was forced to flee to Qi. Confucius also left Lu for Qi, where he was appreciated and entertained by Qi Jinggong. He even prepared to seal the fields around Nishi to Confucius, but the doctor Yan Ying stopped him. In the twenty-seventh year of Lu, at that time, the doctor of Qi wanted to harm Confucius. When Confucius heard this, he turned to Qi Jinggong for help. Qi Jinggong said, "I am old and can still use it." Confucius had to flee to Lu. At that time, the state of Lu was actually in the hands of the doctor's retainer, which was called "ruling the country with the minister." Therefore, although Confucius had two opportunities to enter politics, he gave them up until he was appointed as the capital master in 9 years. At this time, Confucius was 5 1 year old. Confucius was in charge of Zhongdu for one year, and his achievements were outstanding. He was promoted to a small ordinary, and soon he was promoted to a big sheep herder, taking photos to take care of Lu. 12 years, in order to weaken the Third Ring Road (the third-generation leader and uncle Heshi were called the Third Ring Road because they were three grandchildren), the state power of Lu at that time was actually in their hands, and some retainers of the Third Ring Road also controlled the Third Ring Road to varying degrees), and Confucius took measures to reduce the Third Ring Road (that is, demolishing the castle built by the Third Ring Road). Later, the action of capturing the three capitals was abandoned halfway, and the contradiction between Confucius and the Third Ring Road was also exposed. 13 years, Lu Dinggong, Qi sent 80 beautiful women to Lu, and Ji Huan's family accepted female music. The monarch and his subjects were addicted to singing and dancing and ignored state affairs for many days. Confucius was very disappointed. Soon, when Lu offered meat to the doctors after the sacrifice in the suburbs, he didn't give it to Confucius as usual, indicating that Ji didn't want to hire him any more. Confucius had to leave Shandong to find a way out and began to travel around the world.
Confucius first took his disciples to Weiguo, and Wei Linggong began to respect Confucius very much. According to Lu's salary standard, he was given a salary of 60 thousand, but he was not given an official position and was not allowed to participate in politics. Confucius lived in Weiguo for about 10 months. Because someone slandered Wei Linggong, Wei Linggong became suspicious of Confucius, and sent someone to publicly monitor Confucius' actions. So Confucius left Weiguo with his disciples and planned to go to Chen. When passing through Kuangcheng, I was besieged for five days because of misunderstanding. I fled Kuangcheng, came to Dipu, met my uncle, a patriotic aristocrat who launched a rebellion, and was besieged again. After escaping, Confucius returned to China to defend his country. Wei Linggong was very happy to hear that Confucius and his disciples had returned from Dipu, and went to meet him in person. Since then, Confucius has gone abroad several times and returned to China several times. On the one hand, Wei Linggong had both good and bad feelings towards Confucius; On the other hand, after Confucius went abroad, he had nowhere to go and had to return.
In the second year (Confucius was 59 years old), Confucius left Wei, passed through Cao, Song and Zheng, and went to Chen, where he lived for three years. When Wu attacked Chen, the war broke out and Confucius left with his disciples. When the Chu people heard that Confucius had arrived at the junction of Chen and Cai, they sent someone to meet him. Doctors in Chen and Cai knew that there was something wrong with what Confucius did, and they were afraid that Confucius would be reused in Chu, which was not good for them. So they sent laborers to surround Confucius and his disciples in the middle of the road, not relying on the village in front or the shops behind. After eating all the food they brought, they were deprived of food for seven days. Finally, Zigong found the Chu people, and Chu sent troops to meet Confucius, so that Confucius and his disciples were saved from death. Confucius returned to Weiguo at the age of 64. With the efforts of his disciple Ran Qiu, he was welcomed back to Lu at the age of 68, but he was still respectful. Lu Aigong 16, Confucius was 73 years old and died of illness.
Confucius himself
Confucius was an educator, thinker and half politician, but most importantly, he was a noble intellectual. He is upright, optimistic and enterprising, pursuing truth, goodness and beauty all his life and pursuing an ideal society all his life. His success and failure are related to his personality. His character has influenced China people for thousands of years, especially the intellectuals in China.
Angry and forgetful, happy and forgetful.
When Confucius was 63 years old, he once described himself like this: "You forget to eat when you are angry, but forget your worries when you are happy. I don't know that my old age is coming. " At that time, Confucius had led his disciples around the world for nine years and had gone through all the hardships. Not only did he not get the appointment of the governor, but he almost died. But Confucius was not discouraged, still optimistic, stuck to his ideals, and even knew that he could not do it.
Be content with poverty
Confucius said, "Being unjust and rich is like a cloud to me". In Confucius' mind, upholding justice is the highest value of life. When there is a contradiction between rich and poor and morality, he would rather be poor than give up morality. But we can't regard his peace and happiness as not seeking wealth, but seeking to maintain Tao, which is not in line with historical facts. Confucius once said: "Rich and expensive, people want what they want; You can't go anywhere unless you take the main road. Poverty and meanness are disgusting to people; If you don't take the main road, you won't go. " "Money is available, although there are many whips, I can do it. If you can't get it, just do as I say. "
Never tire of learning and never tire of teaching.
Confucius was famous for his eagerness to learn and showed great interest in all kinds of knowledge, so he was versatile and knowledgeable. He was very famous at that time, and was almost regarded as an omniscient saint, but Confucius himself didn't think so. Confucius said, "A saint cannot learn, but never tires of teaching." Confucius learned that there was no teacher. Whoever has knowledge and who doesn't understand will worship him as a teacher. So he said, "A threesome must have a teacher."
Follow the path of integrity-conduct integrity.
Confucius was upright in nature and advocated going straight. He once said, "I treat others, who will ruin my reputation?" If you are famous, you have to try. Simin also, the reason why the three generations went straight. "Historical Records records that Confucius asked Lao Tzu to be polite when he was in his thirties. When he left, Laozi gave a message: "Smart and thorough, close to death, considerate. Those who argue the broad masses are in danger, and those who are evil are also. A son should not have his own, and a minister should not have his own. "This is Lao Tzu's kind reminder to Confucius, and it also points out some shortcomings of Confucius, that is, he looks at the problem too deeply and speaks too sharply, hurting some people with positions and bringing great danger to himself.
help others
Confucius founded the moral theory with benevolence as the core. He is also a kind person, compassionate, helpful, sincere and generous. "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", "A gentleman's adult beauty is not evil", and "Do your best until you die" are all his life principles.
Confucius' family background
The sixth ancestor of Confucius was Kong Fujia, a doctor in the Song Dynasty. He worked as a Fu and was killed in the civil strife in the imperial court. His son Mu fled to Lu to avoid genocide. From then on, Kong settled down in the city and became a Lu native.
Confucius' father is called Ge (a word, and Ge is a name), and his mother is called Yan Zhizai. Shu Lianggan was a famous warrior in Lu at that time. He made two military exploits and worked as a doctor in Qiaoyi. Shu married Shi first, gave birth to nine daughters and no children. He married another concubine and gave birth to a son named Bernie, also named Meng Pi. There was something wrong with Meng Pi's foot, and Shu was very dissatisfied, so he married Yan Zhizai again. At that time, Shu was 66 years old and Yan Zhizai was less than 20 years old.
Confucius gave birth to Kong Li, named Apollo, and lived for 50 years.
Kong Li, who was born with Confucius and Zisi, lived 62 years old. His works have the golden mean and become one of the Confucian classics.
Downloading in turn is:
Compaq, literally, lived for 47 years.
Kong Qiu, Zi Zijia, lived for 45 years.
Kong Ji, a Chinese character, lived for 46 years.
Through the hole, the word is high, and I lived for 5 1 year.
Kong Shen, who lived for 57 years, is from Wei Xiang.
Kong Fu lived to be 57 years old and was a doctor in Chen She.
My nephew Kong Xiang lived to be 57 years old and was a doctor in Hui Di, Han Xiao.
Kong Zhong lived to be 57 years old.
Kong Zhongsheng went down to Kong Wu.
Kong Wu gave birth to Kong Yannian and Kong Anguo.
Kong Anguo was the doctor of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
Kong Anguo's son is Kong Ang.
Kong Ang's son is Kong Xiang.
Qufu "three holes"
Confucius Temple, Confucius House and Confucius Forest are world-famous. Confucius Temple is a place for offering sacrifices to Confucius. It was founded in 478 BC. It was very small, just a temple in the former residence of Confucius. After the Western Han Dynasty, with the continuous sealing of Confucius by emperors, the scale of Confucius Temple also expanded. Confucius House is a huge courtyard, which is actually not the home of Confucius, but the residence of his descendants. Kong Lin is the graveyard of Confucius and his family, covering an area of 200 hectares.
Confucius House: It is the place where descendants of Confucius' hereditary "Duke of Feast" lived for generations, and it is the largest mansion in China after the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Now, Confucius House covers an area of more than 240 mu, with 463 halls, halls, buildings, pavilions and other buildings, which are divided into three roads: Zhonghua Road, East Road and West Road. East Road is the temple, West Road is the academy, and Middle Road is the main building. The middle road is bounded by the inner house, which used to be a government office. There are three halls and six halls (lobby, hall 2, hall 3, Guan Gou Hall, Baihu Hall, Zhiyin Hall, Library Hall, Jing Hall and Yue Hall). Behind it is the inner hall, with a front upper room, a front hall building, a back hall building and five back rooms. Finally, the feast duke and his family visited Confucius' garden.
Confucius Temple: The building is magnificent and resplendent, and it is the largest place to worship Confucius in China. The year after Confucius' death (478 BC), Lu Aigong converted his old house into a temple. Since then, successive emperors have continuously sealed Confucius and expanded temples. Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty ordered an overhaul and expanded it to a modern scale. There are nine courtyards in the temple, which are divided into left, middle and right roads with the north-south axis, with a length of 630m and a width of 140m. There are more than 460 temples, halls, altars and pavilions with 54 doorways. 13 "Imperial Monument Pavilion". Shengji Temple, Ming Tombs Pavilion and Dacheng Hall display a large number of stone inscriptions. In particular, the Han stele preserved here is the largest in China, and there are also many treasures in previous dynasties. The number of steles is second only to Xi 'an stele forest, which is called the second stele forest in China.
Dacheng Hall is the main hall and core of Confucius Temple. In the Tang Dynasty, it was called Wang Wenxuan Hall, with five rooms. During the overhaul in the fifth year of Song Tianxi (AD 102), it was moved to this site and expanded into seven rooms. In the third year of Song Chongning (A.D. 1 104), Zhao Ji, Huizong, took Mencius' meaning: "Confucius is a master", and the next imperial edict was renamed Dacheng Hall, which was rebuilt in the second year of Qing Yongzheng (A.D. 1724), with nine ridges and double eaves, covered with yellow tiles and carved. The temple is 24.8 meters high, 45.69 meters long and 24.85 meters wide. It is located on the foundation of the temple, with a height of 2. 1 m. It is the tallest building in the whole temple and one of the three ancient temples in China.
Xingtan is located in the middle of the aisle in front of Dacheng Hall, which is said to be the place where Confucius gave lectures. There is an old cypress beside the altar, which is called "the old teacher planted cypress". Zhu Lan around Xingtan is surrounded by mountains, crossed with ridges, two layers of yellow tile cornices and double half arches. There are well-carved algae wells and painted golden panlong in the pavilion, among which Qingganlong's "Xingtanzan" imperial tablet. Stone incense burner in front of the pavilion, about 1 m high, is a relic of the Jin Dynasty.
Kong Lin: Located in the north of Qufu, it is a special cemetery for Confucius and his family, and it is also the longest-lasting and largest clan cemetery in the world. Confucius died in April in the sixteenth year (479 BC) and was buried in Si, north of Lucheng. Their descendants were buried from the graves, forming today's Kong Lin. Since Zigong planted trees for Confucius Tomb, there have been more than 10,000 ancient trees in Confucius Forest. Since the Han Dynasty, rulers of past dynasties have rebuilt and added 13 times to Kong Lin, and even opened it to the present scale, with a total area of about 2 square kilometers, surrounded by 5.6 kilometers of forest walls, which are more than 3 meters high and 1 meter thick. Guo Moruo once said: "This is a good natural museum and a chronicle of the Confucius family." .
Qufu Confucius Temple, Confucius Forest and Confucius House (English name: Temple and Cement of Confidence, Qufu Confucius House) were selected into the World Heritage List (No.:200-065438+February). According to the selection criteria of World Cultural Heritage C(I)(IV)(VI),
Evaluation by World Heritage Committee: Confucius was a great philosopher, politician and educator in China during the Spring and Autumn Period from 6th century BC to 5th century BC. Confucius Temple, Cemetery and Mansion are located in Qufu City, Shandong Province. The Confucius Temple was built in 478 BC to commemorate Confucius. It has been destroyed and built for thousands of years, and now it has developed into a building complex with more than 100 halls. Confucius' mausoleum is not only located in Kong Lin, but also more than 654.38 million of his descendants are buried here. The small Confucius House has now expanded into a huge and prominent mansion, which includes 152 halls. The unique artistic and historical features of ancient buildings in Qufu can be attributed to the strong worship of Confucius by Emperor China for more than two thousand years. Confucius Temple, Confucius House, Confucius Forest, World Heritage
Chronology of Confucius
1 year: 55 BC1year (twenty-two years of Lu Xianggong)
Confucius was born in Changping Township (now southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province). Because parents pray for children.
Yuniqiu Mountain, hence its name Qiu, hence its name.
There are two kinds of records about Confucius' date of birth, with a difference of one year. Today, from the historical records of Confucius family.
3 years old: 549 BC (twenty-four years of Duke Xiang of Lu)
His father Liang Shu died and was buried in Fangshan (now 25 miles east of Qufu). Yan Zhi, the mother of Confucius, moved to Qufu with her son.
Quelli's life is very difficult.
5 years old: 547 BC (twenty-six years of Duke Xiang of Lu)
Qin Shangsheng, a native of Shandong, was a disciple of Confucius.
6 years old: 546 BC (twenty-seven years of Duke Xiang of Lu)
Disciple Ceng Dian was born in Braille Xi, the father of Zeng Shen.
7 years old: 545 BC (twenty-eight years of Duke Xiang of Lu)
Disciple Yan Yaosheng, also known as Wu Yaosheng, is Yan Yuan's father.
8 years old: 544 BC (twenty-nine years of Duke Xiang of Lu)
Disciple Ran Gengsheng was born in Lu.
10 years old: 542 BC (thirty-one year of Duke Xiang of Lu)
Disciples Zhong Yousheng, Zi Luzi and Bian Ren.
When Duke Xiang of Lu died, his son Zhou succeeded to the throne for good reasons.
12 years old: 540 BC (the second year of Lu)
Disciple Qi Diaokai was born, and Zi Ruo was born in Cai.
15 years old: 537 BC (five years of Lu)
Confucius learned more and more and realized that he should study hard the skills of being a man and living, so he said, "I am ten."
There are five, determined to learn. "("The Analects of Confucius governing ")
16 years old, 536 BC (six years in Lu)
Zheng Zhu executed the tripod.
Disciple Min Shousheng was born in Lu.
17 years old: 535 BC (six years of Lu)
Confucius Yan Zhizhai died.
This year. Ji's family gave a banquet to entertain the first-class aristocrats. Confucius went to the banquet, but yang hu, the home minister of Ji's family, turned him away.
19 years old: 533 BC (the ninth year of Lu)
Confucius married the daughter of an official in the Song Dynasty.
20 years old: 532 BC (the tenth year of Lu)
Guan Qi's son. It is said that Lu gave the carp to Confucius at this time, so he named his son carp.
Carp, the word "fish".
It was in that year that Confucius began to be a Commissioner and manage the warehouse.
2 1 year: 53 BC1year (11th year of Lu Dynasty).
That year, Confucius changed his land to manage animal husbandry. Confucius said, "I am cheap because I am few, so I can despise."
(The Analects of Confucius Zi Han) Such "despicable things" should include "entrusting officials" and "occupying farmland".
In 525 BC (the seventeenth year of Lu), he was twenty-seven.
When Tan Zi was facing Lu, Confucius asked Tan Zi about the ancient official system of Tan Guo.
Confucius set up private schools around.
30 years old: 522 BC (twenty years of Lu)
It has been more than 15 years since he was fifteen years old, and Confucius has gained a firm foothold in society through hard work.
Therefore, the cloud "stands at thirty." ("The Analects of Confucius for Politics")
1920 and Yan ying visited Lu Qi Jinggong, met Confucius and discussed Qin Mugong with Confucius.
How to control it.
Disciples Yan Hui, ran yong, Ran Qiu, Shang Qu, Liang? Healthy. Back to the deep word, and the middle bow, seeking the word,
Qu Zi Zi Mu, a native of Shandong; ? The word uncle fish, qi people.
3 1 year: 52 BC1year (twenty-first year of Shandong).
Disciples Mashi Wu, Gao Chai and Mickey were born. Zi Zi Shi Zi, Chen Guoren; Chai is tall and Qi is a local.
Uneven words are cheap, Lu people.
Thirty-two years old: 520 BC (twenty-two years of Lu)
Disciple Duanmu Ci was born, endowed with tribute, and a patriot.
34 years old: 5 18 BC (twenty-four years of Lu)
Meng and uncle Jing of Nangong learned manners from Confucius.
According to legend, Confucius and Uncle Jingnan of Nangong paid tribute to the old employees and asked them to have fun with Changhong.
35 years old: 5 17 BC (twenty-five years of Lu)
There is civil strife in Lu. "Historical Records Confucius Family" said: "Zhao Gong led the troops to attack (season) Ping Zi Heping Zi.
Stone, uncle with three * * * attack, defeat, around together. "Confucius also arrived this year.
Qi State.
36 years old in 5 16 BC (twenty-six years of Lu)
Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about politics, and Confucius said, "Jun Jun, minister, father and son". Confucius got it
Appreciated by Qi Jinggong, Gong Jing tried to seal the hole with mud, but was stopped by Yan Zi.
Confucius was so fascinated by Shao in Qi State that he didn't know the meat flavor in March.
37 years old: 5 15 BC (twenty-seven years of Lu)
Doctor Qi wanted to harm Confucius, and Confucius returned to Lu from Qi.
The son of Wu Gongzi was hired, and his son died and was buried between Ying and Bo. Confucius went to see his funeral.
My brother was born in Xu Fan and Yuan County. The word will be late, and Lu Guo will enter; Xian Zisi was born in Song Dynasty.
38 years old: 5 14 BC (twenty-eight years of Lu)
Xianzi (Shu Ming) was in power in Jin and Wei Dynasties, and he promoted talents regardless of personal relationship. Confucius thought it was a just act,
As the saying goes, "those who are close to you are righteous, and those who are far away are lifted."
39 years old, 5 13 BC (twenty-nine years of Lu)
The tripod was cast in the Jin Dynasty last winter, and Confucius said, "If the Jin Dynasty dies, it will lose its degree."
40 years old: 5 12 BC (thirty years in Shandong)
After decades of tempering, I have a clearer understanding of various problems in life, so I am self-sufficient.
"Forty without confusion".
Disciple Tan Taiming was born. Yu, Lu people.
4 1 year: 5 1 1 year BC (thirty-one years in Shandong)
Disciple Chen. Kang Ziqin, Chen Guoren.
42 years old: 5 10 BC (thirty-two years in Lu)
Zhao Gong pawns and goes public.
Forty-three years old: 509 BC (the first year of Lu)
Gong Xi's brother Chisheng. Thanks to China, Lu people.
Forty-five years old: 507 BC (three years in Lu)
Disciple Shang Bo was born. Shang, a patriotic man.
Forty-six years old: 506 BC (four years in Lu)
Disciple Yan Yan was born. There are swallows, Wu people.
In 505 BC (five years of Lu), he was 47 years old.
Disciples Zeng Shen and Yan. Son of god, Lu people. Fortunately, it is Lu.
Forty-eight years old: 504 BC (six years of Lu)
Yang hu, the retainer of Ji's surname, became increasingly powerful. Confucius called it "accompanying ministers in national life." ("The Analects of Confucius Ji Shi")
"Historical Records Confucius Family" says: "Accompany the minister to govern the country. ..... So Confucius refused to be an official and retired.
Poetry, book, ceremony and music attracted many disciples, and they all came from afar. "
Yanghu wants to see Confucius, but Confucius doesn't want to see Yanghu and the latter two meet on the road. Yanghu advised Confucius to be an official,
Confucius did not make a clear statement. It should have been done for five years or six years.
Forty-nine years old: 503 BC (the seventh year of Lu)
Teachers, students and disciple Zhuan Sun. Teacher Zhang Zi, Chen Guoren.
50 years old: 502 BC (eight years of Lu)
Claiming to be "fifty knows the destiny." ("The Analects of Confucius for Politics")
Gongshan didn't betray Ji's surname for a fee, which made people call Confucius. Confucius wanted to go, but he was blocked by the quilt.
5 1 year: 50 BC1year (nine years in Shandong)
Confucius ruled Zhongdu for one year and achieved remarkable results.
Disciples Ran Lu,,, and Uncle Zhong Huisheng. Lu Ziluzi, a native of Lu State: Xunzi,
Cai Guoren: Analysis by Qian Zi and Lu Guoren; High words are arrogant, and Lu people: they must be literate. Lu people.
52 years old: 500 BC (ten years of Lu)
Confucius was promoted to small sikong, and later to big Sikou, taking pictures. In summer, Ding Gong and Qi Hou will be in
Confucius on Oracle bones was wary of Lu Jun's invitation to Oracle bones in Qi State, and made preparations in advance, so he not only robbed Qi State.
Qi's plot to seek some kind of public office failed, and he was forced to promise to return Lu 'an, Shan 'an and Lu 'an.
Waiting for land.
53 years old: 499 BC (11th year of Lu)
Confucius was Lu Sikou and Lu Zhiguo.
Fifty-four years old: 498 BC (the twelfth year of Lu)
Confucius is a Confucian. In order to weaken the Third Ring Road, measures were taken to capture the three capitals. Uncle Sun Shi and Ji Sun's family weakened the family.
The ministers supported Confucius' idea, but this action was resisted by Shi's retainer and his father.
Shi secretly supports the public adoption of the father. The action of falling into Sandu fell by the wayside.
Disciple Gongsun Longsheng. When the dragon word was written, it came from Chu.
Fifty-five years old: 497 BC (thirteenth year of Lu)
In spring, Qi sent 80 beautiful women to Lu. Ji accepted female music, and the monarch and his subjects were obsessed with singing and dancing for many days.
Manage state affairs. Confucius was at odds with Ji's family. Confucius left Shandong to defend the country.
In October, Confucius was injured by slanders and left Weiguo for Chen. Passing through Kuang, surrounded. Houhoupu
Naturally, Confucius and his disciples were besieged when his uncle rebelled against Wei. Then I went back to Dewey.
In 496 BC (the 14th year of Lu), he was 56 years old.
Confucius was summoned by Wei Linggong's wife Nanzi in Weiguo.
Lutz criticized Confucius for reading Nanzi.
After hearing this news, Confucius was very sad and praised Zi Chan as "the legacy of ancient times".
57 years old: 495 BC (the fifteenth year of Lu)
Confucius went to Julu. In the summer of May, Lu died and was made public.
58 years old: 494 BC (Ai Lu AD).
Confucius lived in Lu, and the State of Wu sent someone to hire Lu to ask Confucius about the "special car for festivals".
59 years old: 493 BC (two years in Lu Aigong)
Confucius went from Lu to Wei. Asked Chen (array) about Confucius, he was politely refused. Confucius
If you can't live in Weiguo, go to Weixi. Go to Guo Song via Cao Guo. Song Sima Huan? (Left Ghost and Right Wei)
Hate Confucius, threatened to harm Confucius, and Confucius left anonymously.
60 years old: 492 BC (three years in Lu Aigong)
Confucius claimed to be "sixty and obedient."
Confucius crossed the State of Zheng and went to the State of Chen. He was separated from his disciples in the capital of Zheng and waited for his disciples to come to him alone at the East Gate.
Laughed at by people, they are called "dogs with more money". Confucius smiled happily and said, "Yes, yes!"
6 1 year: 49 BC1year (four years in Lu Aigong)
Confucius abandoned Chen and voted for Cai.
62 years old: 490 BC (five years in Lu Aigong)
Confucius from Cai to Ye. Ye Gong asked Confucius about politics and discussed the moral issues of integrity with Confucius.
On his way back to Cai, Confucius met a hermit
63 years old: 489 BC (six years in Lu Aigong)
Confucius and his disciples were trapped between Chen and Cai. Many disciples fell ill because of hunger and were later rescued by the Chu people.
I met a hermit on my way back to Wei from Chu.
64 years old: 488 BC (seven years in Lu Aigong)
Confucius is defending. Advocating to clear one's name before defending the country.
65 years old: 487 BC (eight years in Lu Aigong)
Confucius is defending. That was the year when Wu Wolu was defeated. Confucius' disciples contributed to the war.
66 years old: 486 BC (nine years in Lu Aigong)
Confucius is defending.
67 years old: 485 BC (ten years in Lu Aigong)
Confucius is defending.
Mrs. Confucius died as an official.
68 years old: 484 BC (11th year of Lu Aigong).
In the same year, Qi defeated Lu, and Confucius disciple Ran Youshuai fought against Qi and won. Ji Kangzi asked Ran if he had an order.
Where do talents come from? You Ran replied, "Learning is to Confucius". Ji Kangzi sent someone to welcome Kong with money.
Kong 14 travels around the world, which is the end.
Ji Kangzi wanted to be a "land tax", but Confucius opposed it. Confucius said to You Ran, "A gentleman's trip is also a ceremony.
Take what is thick, what is thick, and what is thin. If so, the hill will be enough. "
69 years old: 483 BC (12th year of Lu Aigong).
Confucius still had a heart for politics, but it was not used. Confucius continued to engage in education and literature work.
Kong Li, the son of Confucius, died.
70 years old: 482 BC (13th year of Lu Aigong).
Confucius said that "seventy can be done, not exceeding the moment." Yan Hui died, and Confucius was very sad.
7 1 year: 48 BC1year (14th year of Lu Aigong).
That spring, hunting paid off. Confucius thought this was not a good sign and said, "I am poor." So stop it.
Revise the Spring and Autumn Period.
In June, Chen Heng of Qi killed Qi Huangong. Confucius saw the Third Ring Road and asked Lu to send troops to attack.
Did not get support.