Chenpi 1. Used for chest and abdominal distension. Orange peel powder is good at regulating qi and can enter the spleen and lungs, so it can not only spread the lung and suppress qi, but also promote qi. Used for stagnation of lung qi, fullness of chest and diaphragm, qi stagnation of spleen and stomach, abdominal distension, etc. It is often used with Radix Aucklandiae and Fructus Aurantii.
2. Used for damp obstruction of middle energizer, abdominal distension, diarrhea in loose stool, excessive phlegm and cough. Orange peel tastes bitter, warm and dry, and can strengthen the spleen and promote qi. Therefore, it is often used for dampness blocking middle energizer, abdominal distension, loose stool greasy fur and other diseases. It can be used with Rhizoma Atractylodis and Cortex Magnolia Officinalis. Good at eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm. It is often used as an important drug to treat lung obstruction due to dampness and cough due to excessive phlegm. It is used with Pinellia ternata and Poria.
3. It can be used for diet reduction caused by spleen deficiency, dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting. The product has the effects of eliminating dampness, invigorating spleen and stimulating appetite, and is suitable for spleen and stomach weakness, anorexia, dyspepsia and diarrhea. It is often used with Ginseng, Atractylodis Macrocephala and Poria. Because it can not only strengthen the spleen, but also regulate qi, it is often used as an assistant for invigorating qi, which can replenish without stagnation and prevent stagnation and abdominal distension.
In addition, orange peel can be combined with ginger to treat gastric loss and depression, nausea and vomiting. If the stomach is cold and vomits, it can be used with ginger. For vomiting due to stomach heat, it can be combined with Zhu Ru and Huang.
Function:
Has the effects of regulating qi, lowering adverse qi, regulating middle energizer, stimulating appetite, eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm. Mainly used for spleen and stomach qi stagnation and dampness resistance, chest and diaphragm fullness, abdominal distension, anorexia, vomiting, unfavorable stool, poor lung qi, cough with excessive phlegm, and can also be used for the treatment of early breast abscess. After years of research, I know that tangerine peel has many pharmacological effects.
1. Effect on digestive system: The volatile oil contained in dried tangerine peel has a slight stimulating effect on gastrointestinal tract, which can promote the secretion of digestive juice and eliminate gas accumulation in intestinal tract, showing the effects of aromatic invigorating stomach, expelling wind and reducing qi.
2. Effects on cardiovascular system: Chenpi decoction and alcohol extract have exciting effects on myocardium, but they will have inhibitory effects when the dose is too large. In addition, it can also cause slight contraction of blood vessels and rapidly raise blood pressure. Pectin in dried tangerine peel can also prevent arteriosclerosis caused by high-fat diet.
3. Effect on respiratory system: The volatile oil contained in dried tangerine peel has irritating and passive expectorant effects, which makes sputum easy to cough up. Chenpi decoction has a weak dilating effect on bronchi. Its alcohol extract has high anti-asthma effect.
4. Effect on genitourinary system: Chenpi decoction can contract renal blood vessels and reduce urine output.
5. Anti-inflammatory effect: Chenpi decoction combined with vitamin C and vitamin K can enhance anti-inflammatory effect.
The side effects of Chenpi decoction are very small, and no acute poisoning has been found in many animal experiments. Use with caution for patients with qi deficiency, yin deficiency, dry cough, hematemesis, red tongue, insufficient body fluid and excess heat.
Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae-Function and Indications-Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae for promoting qi circulation and expanding.
Dried orange peel
Pinyin Name: Chenpi
Chinese name: CITRI peel
Alias: orange peel, expensive old, red peel, yellow peel, wide orange peel, Xinhui peel, red orange, Dahongpao, Sichuan orange.
Category: dual-purpose medicine and food, fruit
Oral administration: decoction, 6 to10g; Or take medicine or powder.
Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae is the dried and mature pericarp of Rutaceae citrus and its cultivated varieties. Small evergreen trees or shrubs of oranges are planted in hills, low mountains, rivers, lakes or plains. Distributed in various areas south of the Yangtze River. 10 ~ 12 when the fruit is ripe, pick the fruit, peel it, dry it in the shade or ventilate it. As a medicine, orange peel is good for people who are old for a long time, so it is named Chenpi and Guilao. Wang said, "It is better to keep the orange peel red for a long time, so it is called red-skinned tangerine peel."
Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae-Character
Chenpi medicinal material Chenpi
Picking ripe fruits, peeling, sun drying or low temperature drying. Medicinal materials are divided into "Chenpi" and "Guangpi". All the tablets are big, fresh in color, oily, soft in texture, rich in aroma and sweet and sour in taste.
1. Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae is often peeled into several petals with connected or irregular fragments at the base. About 1 ~ 4 mm thick, with orange-yellow or reddish-brown outer surface, fine wrinkles and concave punctate oil chambers; The inner surface is yellowish white, rough and spongy, with yellowish white or yellowish brown fibrous vascular bundles. The quality is slightly hard and fragile. The smell is fragrant, but pungent and slightly bitter.
2. The pericarp of Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae is divided into 3 ~ 4 petals, the bases are connected, the shape is neat and orderly, and the thickness is about1mm.. The punctate oil cavity is large, transparent, clear and soft to light.
Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae —— The difference between fresh orange peel and tangerine peel
Orange peel contains volatile aromatic oil, and orange peel bath can nourish feelings. Put the dried orange peel into a cloth bag, soak it in bath water for a while, and then take a bath, which can make the bath water fragrant and attractive, make you feel comfortable after taking a bath, multiply your spirit and make your skin smooth and comfortable.
Although fresh orange peel and dried tangerine peel are the same thing, their properties are quite different. Fresh orange peel contains more volatile oil and does not have the medicinal effect of dried tangerine peel. However, after the second year, the content of volatile oil in dried tangerine peel will be greatly reduced, and the content of flavonoids will be relatively increased. At this time, the medicinal value of dried tangerine peel can be reflected. In addition, because the surface of fresh orange peel is polluted by pesticides and preservatives, these chemicals are harmful to human health, and soaking it in water may also have adverse effects on health.
Not everyone can soak in dried tangerine peel at will. Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae is warm, pungent and bitter, and people with symptoms such as fever, dry mouth, constipation and yellow urine should not drink Chenpi water.
Chenpi-Xinhui specialty-Xinhui Chenpi
Xinhui tangerine peel is the dried skin of Xinhui red orange, which is a famous product of Xinhui. Because of its unique quality, it was famous before the Ming and Qing Dynasties and was listed as a "tribute", which was sold at home and abroad.
The orange fruit is oblate, oily and shiny. During the ripening process, the peel color changes from green to red, and turns red in winter. Citrus pulp is crisp and juicy, with moderate sweetness and sourness. Citrus pulp contains 0.7-0.82g citric acid per 100ml, with sugar content from10. 1 1.3g and soluble solids1/kloc-. Its varieties are divided into four types: large seed oil body, thin seed oil body, large pedicle and high quality. In recent years, new improved varieties with early maturity, high yield and high quality have been cultivated. Xinhui tangerine is not only a famous fruit, but also has high medicinal value, which has the effects of moistening the heart and lungs, clearing away heat and resolving phlegm and relieving cough. The tangerine peel is hidden in white sugar, and the tangerine made by dissolving sugar has the effect of preventing and treating measles in children. It has the function of regulating qi and relieving pain, and is often used to treat colic.
Chenpi authentic Xinhui Chenpi
The peel of red orange is the specialty of Xinhui-Chenpi. Because of its high medicinal value, it has always enjoyed a high reputation as a traditional spice and condiment. As early as the Song Dynasty, it has become one of the "wide goods" in North-South trade, and sold to all parts of the country, Southeast Asia, America and other regions.
The longer the dried tangerine peel is stored, the better, so it is called "dried tangerine peel". Tangerine peel produced in Guangdong is the best. In history and trade, it is specially called "Guang Chenpi" to distinguish it from other provinces. "Guang Chenpi" takes Xinhui Chenpi as the top grade, so "Xinhui Chenpi" is specifically stated in "Erchen Decoction", a traditional Chinese medicine opened by Daye in the Qing Dynasty. Because it is not produced in Xinhui, its efficacy is far from weak, and it lacks fragrance, so the price of Xinhui Chenpi is higher, and the skin is more expensive than meat.
It is said that Xinhui dried tangerine peel is transported to all parts of the north, and it tastes more fragrant after passing through Lingnan. Overseas Chinese once took Xinhui Chenpi abroad by boat. When the ship arrived in the Pacific Ocean, it suddenly smelled a fragrance and could not hide it. Xinhui Chenpi exudes a fragrance, which is its unique quality. The test results of the drug inspection department show that due to the differences in soil conditions, cultivation techniques and farmland microclimate, the morphology and tissue structure of the tangerine peel produced in Xinhui and transplanted from other places are similar, but the composition and taste of the volatile oil are quite different, so the medicinal and seasoning effects are quite different.
Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae has the medicinal effects of invigorating qi and stomach, eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm. Traditional Chinese medicine's "Chenpi Banxia Decoction" and "Erchen Decoction" mainly rely on Chenpi to treat diseases. Chinese patent medicines made from dried tangerine peel, such as dried tangerine peel of Fritillaria cirrhosa, dried tangerine peel of snake gall, dried tangerine peel of licorice, dried tangerine peel paste, dried tangerine peel powder, etc. It is a good medicine for resolving phlegm, reducing qi, resolving food stagnation and strengthening stomach.
In preserved fruit and food, Xinhui Pei-Mui Chan, Chenpi duck and Chenpi wine have their own characteristics in color, aroma and taste. If dried tangerine peel is added to the dish, it can not only remove the fishy smell of the fish, but also make the dish particularly delicious. When making desserts such as green bean paste and red bean porridge, if you add a little tangerine peel, the taste will be particularly fragrant.
Chenpi variety
The main cultivated varieties are' tea geometrid', Dahongpao, Satsuma mandarin and Tangjina.
Chenpi-identification
(1) The powder of this product is yellowish white to yellowish brown. The mesocarp has many parenchyma, irregular cell shape and uneven wall thickness, and some of them are beaded. The surface of epidermal cells in pericarp is polygonal, square or rectangular, the vertical wall is thickened, the stomata are round, and the diameter is 18 ~ 26 microns. The secondary guard cells are unclear. Viewed from the side, it thickens from stratum corneum and outer diameter to the wall. Square crystals of calcium oxalate exist in the parenchyma cells of mesocarp, which are polygonal, rhombic or biconical, with a diameter of 3-34 microns and a length of 5-53 μ m. Some cells contain parallel twins or 3-5 square crystals composed of two polyhedrons. Hesperidin crystals mostly exist in parenchyma cells, which are yellow or colorless, round or amorphous, and some of them can be seen with radial stripes. Lines, holes, reticular ducts and tracheids are smaller.
(2) Take 0.3g of this product powder, add 65438 00 ml of methanol, heat and reflux for 20 minutes, filter, take 5ml of filtrate, and concentrate it to about 65438 00 ml as the test solution. Take another hesperidin reference substance and add methanol to make a saturated solution as the reference substance solution. According to the thin-layer chromatography test (Appendix ⅵ b), suck 2μl of each of the above two solutions, respectively spot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate prepared with 0.5% sodium hydroxide solution, and take them out with ethyl acetate-methanol-water (100: 17: 13) as the developing agent, spread them for about 3cm. Then, the upper solution of toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid-water (20:10:1) was used as the developing agent, which was spread to about 8cm, taken out, dried, sprayed with aluminum trichloride test solution, and examined under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots with the same color appear in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control sample.
Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel is used as a filler for chromatographic conditions and system suitability test. The mobile phase is methanol-acetic acid-water (35: 4: 61); The detection wavelength is 283 nm. The theoretical plate number should be no less than 2000 calculated by hesperidin peak.
Preparation of Reference Solution Accurately weigh the appropriate amount of hesperidin reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 0.4mg per kloc-0/ml.
Preparation of test solution Take about 65,438+0g of crude powder of this product, weigh it accurately, put it in Soxhlet extractor, add 80ml of petroleum ether (60 ~ 90℃), heat and reflux for 2 ~ 3 hours, remove petroleum ether and evaporate residue, add 80 ml of methanol, heat and reflux until the extract is colorless, cool and filter, and put the filtrate in a 65,438+000 ml volumetric flask.
The determination method accurately absorbs 5μl of the control solution and the test solution, and injects them into the liquid chromatograph for determination.
The content of hesperidin (C28H34O 15) shall not be less than 3.5% in terms of dry products.
Chenpi processing
Removing impurities, spraying water, fully wetting, shredding, and drying in the shade.
According to different processing methods, dried tangerine peel can be divided into dried tangerine peel, fried dried tangerine peel, dried tangerine peel charcoal, fried dried tangerine peel with soil and baked dried tangerine peel with salt. The processed tangerine peel, fried tangerine peel, salted tangerine peel and baked tangerine peel are sealed and placed in a cool and dry place.
Dried tangerine peel-sexual taste and meridian tropism
Bitter, pungent and warm. Enter the lung meridian and spleen meridian.
Warm energy can promote qi, pungent energy can disperse, and bitter energy can drain water.
Therefore, dried tangerine peel has three major functions, one is to guide cold evil in the chest, the other is to break qi stagnation, and the third is to benefit the spleen and stomach. Among these three functions, the main function is strengthening the spleen and regulating the stomach. The spleen and stomach control the transportation of water and dampness, so the qi of the spleen and stomach can dispel dampness, strengthen the spleen and resolve phlegm. Therefore, it can be said that the temperature of dried tangerine peel can nourish the spleen, stimulate the spleen and strengthen the spleen through bitterness. Because dried tangerine peel governs the qi of the spleen and stomach, the spleen and stomach are located in the middle jiao, and the qi of the middle jiao passes through, so that the qi of the triple jiao also surges. Sanjiao is the official of blasphemy, with water and liquid, accompanied by damp evil; It is also a mansion outside the Tibetan mansion, reaching the heart and lungs and down to the liver and kidney. Therefore, the role of dried tangerine peel can be extended to all collectors and spread all over the body. As far as the lungs are concerned, pungent dispersing lung qi, bitter expelling lung qi, warming the middle warmer and dispelling cold can cure excessive phlegm, cough and asthma and stop eating; From the heart, it is refreshing, bitter, beneficial, warm and turbid, and can cure the annoyance and bad breath in the chest; As far as the liver is concerned, pungent dispersing liver depression, bitter descending liver fire, warming cold and dampness, so it can clear away heat to treat liver depression and stop food stagnation; As far as the kidney is concerned, it can moisten the kidney with dryness, expel the kidney with dampness and soften the kidney qi, so it can cure deficiency fire and indigestion. Of course, all kinds of explanations are related to dampness and spleen, so there is a lot of room for its efficacy, and it can be used in general prescriptions for regulating qi and resolving phlegm. For example, Li Shizhen said, "Bitter orange peel can relieve dryness, and bitter orange peel can distract energy and harmony. Its cure for all diseases has always relied on regulating qi and drying dampness. The same tonic will make up, the same laxative will diarrhea, the same medicine will rise, and the same medicine will fall. " If used with Atractylodes macrocephala, it can tonify the spleen and stomach; If used with ginseng and licorice, it can replenish lung qi; If used with almond, it can dredge and moisten the blood secret of large intestine; If used with Pinellia ternata, it can dispel dampness; If used with Poria cocos, it can reduce qi and stop vomiting; If it is used with dried ginger, it can warm the cold and resolve phlegm; And if used with yellow, it can get rid of dampness.
Orange peel is called orange peel because it tastes bitter, so it is mainly used for eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm in clinic, especially when there is much phlegm in the lungs, such as Hong Ju Pill, a commonly used Chinese medicine. Orange collaterals have the functions of activating meridians, resolving phlegm and eliminating dampness, so qi stagnation and phlegm resistance and numbness of limbs are often used in other prescriptions. Fructus Aurantii Immaturus has the effects of resolving stagnation, relieving pain, eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm, and is clinically used for treating hernia pain, arthralgia and lumbago by dampness. Orange leaves are blue in color and have the function of regulating liver qi, so they are often used in prescriptions for hypochondriac pain, chest tightness and breast pain.
Green tangerine peel and old tangerine peel govern the liver and spleen and the spleen and lungs. From the power of promoting qi, green tangerine peel is stronger, and from the ability of resolving phlegm, green tangerine peel is easy to hurt vital qi, while old tangerine peel hurts vital qi slowly. Therefore, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride has its own advantages in treating pain caused by qi stagnation and phlegm stagnation. For example, green tangerine peel is used for left chest pain, and dried tangerine peel is used for right chest pain; Green tangerine peel is used for hypochondriac pain, and tangerine peel is used for moderate pain; Green tangerine peel for nipple pain and dried tangerine peel for breast pain; Use green tangerine peel for lower abdominal pain and dried tangerine peel for chest and abdominal pain. There are many similarities between fragrant rafter skin and dried tangerine peel, but fragrant rafter skin is neither bitter nor bitter, but it is more than sweet, slightly sour, sweet and yang-changing, and sour and sweet and yin-changing. Therefore, the fragrant rafter skin has a nourishing effect on promoting qi circulation, and its treatment scope is mainly limited to diseases such as gastrointestinal dyspepsia caused by spleen and stomach qi deficiency. Although its effect of eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm is obviously lower than that of dried tangerine peel, its effect of invigorating spleen and promoting qi circulation is better than that of dried tangerine peel. There are similarities between bergamot tablets and dried tangerine peel, but bergamot tablets are mainly responsible for soothing the liver and regulating qi, giving consideration to harmony, and have strong dispersing power. Therefore, its main indications are dyspepsia caused by stagnation of liver qi and liver wood failing to reach spleen soil, and its dispersing power is better than that of dried tangerine peel, but its ability of eliminating dampness is not as good as that of dried tangerine peel, and its ability of dispersing stagnation and resolving phlegm is not as good as that of orange pit. It can be said that in clinical selection, dried tangerine peel is mainly spleen and stomach, torreya grandis peel is mainly spleen and liver, and bergamot tablets are mainly liver and spleen, sometimes compatible.
Chenpi Shedan Chenpi Oral Liquid
In clinical use, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae can be used with Banxia and Poria to eliminate dampness and resolve phlegm if it is used to treat phlegm, chest fullness, cough, asthma and excessive phlegm. For cough and asthma due to phlegm heat, it is combined with snake gall and scutellaria baicalensis to clear phlegm heat; For abdominal distension, anorexia and loose stool's nausea, Atractylodes macrocephala and Amomum villosum can be combined to strengthen spleen and regulate qi. It can be used with Atractylodes lancea and Magnolia officinalis to activate qi and dry dampness. For cold, nausea and vomiting, it can be used with ginger and medicated leaven. Because of cold, it can be matched with dried ginger and cinnamon; Due to heat, it can be matched with bamboo shavings and Ophiopogon japonicus; Qi stagnation can be combined with Fructus Aurantii and Radix Aucklandiae; Because it is wet, it can be paired with big belly and musk; Because of qi deficiency, it can be used with ginseng and licorice; Because of qi stagnation and secret blood, it can be matched with almond and peach kernel.
Modern research shows that orange peel volatile oil can stimulate expectoration, dilate bronchi, slightly stimulate gastrointestinal smooth muscle, promote the secretion of digestive juice and eliminate intestinal pneumatosis. Fresh decoction and alcohol extract have exciting effects on the heart, and larger doses have inhibitory effects; It has a slight vasoconstrictive effect, intravenous injection has a rapid pressor effect, and repeated administration has no drug resistance; Methyl hesperidin can increase coronary artery flow, reduce coronary artery resistance, and reduce blood pressure and heart rate. Hesperidin can lower cholesterol and inhibit experimental ulcer. Reduce capillary permeability. Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus.
Dried tangerine peel-usage and dosage
The dosage of dried tangerine peel is generally between 3 ~ 10g, and occasionally about 25g is used in modern times. However, those with excessive sweating and floating yang should use it with caution or not, and should not be used for a long time.
Chenpi-storage
Store in a cool and dry place to prevent mildew and moth.
Chenpi-gourmet pilgrims
Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae should not be used with Pinellia ternata and Rhizoma Arisaematis. It is not suitable to be used with warm incense drugs.
Formula of dried tangerine peel medicated diet
In the classification of traditional Chinese medicine, it belongs to qi-regulating drugs, but because of its functions of invigorating stomach, expelling wind and stopping vomiting, it is often used with digestion-promoting drugs or spleen-stomach drugs. In addition, it also has the effect of eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm, and has its curative effect on people with sticky phlegm and chest tightness.
Medicinal diet:
Lipid-lowering tea: Tangerine Peel, Hawthorn San Qian, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Salvia Miltiorrhiza Fisch, 1500㏄, boiled with slow fire for 20 minutes, and filtered, which mainly has the function of lowering cholesterol and blood lipid, and is suitable for patients with hyperlipidemia who are physically strong, but not for those with frequent diarrhea or peptic ulcer.
Malt tea: five points of malt, San Qian of grain bud, two points of dried tangerine peel, San Qian, Massa Medicata Fermentata, one point of licorice or a little of crystal sugar, boiled at 1000㏄, simmered for 15 minutes, filtered, to stimulate appetite, strengthen spleen and promote digestion.
Stew a lot of meat food, add tangerine peel and hawthorn properly to help digestion and avoid food accumulation.
Chenpi-dietotherapy
Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae is pungent, bitter and warm; Spleen, stomach and lung meridians; The fragrance can be dispersed, rising or falling;
Has the effects of regulating qi, regulating middle energizer, eliminating dampness, resolving phlegm, inducing diuresis and relaxing bowels;
Indications: disharmony between spleen and stomach, abdominal distension and pain, loss of appetite, vomiting and nausea; Phlegm dampness blocks lung, cough with excessive phlegm, chest tightness and diaphragm, dizziness; Edema, dysuria and constipation; Breast carbuncle and scabies, China fish and crab poison, alcohol poison.
Chenpi related food
Chenpi chicken wings
Chenpi Chenpi Chicken Wings
Ingredients: chicken wings, dried tangerine peel, ginger and onion.
Marinade: soy sauce, oil, rice wine, raw powder, chicken powder, ginger.
Seasoning: oil, soy sauce, salt, sesame oil.
1. The dried tangerine peel is brewed with 1 bowl of boiling water until it becomes soft; Wash the chicken wings and cut the back (don't cut them off); Cut the onion into sections, and cut the onion into chopped green onion.
2. Put the chicken wings in a bowl, add Haitian Jinbiao Soy Sauce King 1 tablespoon, oil 1/2 tablespoons, rice wine 1 tablespoon, raw flour 1 tablespoon, chicken powder 1/3 tablespoons and ginger slices, mix well and marinate/kloc.
3. Heat 1 bowl of oil, insert bamboo chopsticks until bubbles appear around, add chicken wings and fry until golden brown, and drain the oil for later use.
4. Leave a little oil in the pot and heat it. Stir-fry ginger slices, onion slices and dried tangerine peel. Add chicken wings and stir fry 1 min. Add the water soaked in dried tangerine peel and bring to a boil.
5. Add 1/2 tablespoons of Haitian Jinbiao soy sauce king, 1/3 tablespoons of salt and 1/3 tablespoons of sesame oil, stir well, cover and stew for 5 minutes.
6. When the soup in the pot thickens, sprinkle with chopped green onion and mix well, then serve.
Duck soup with green radish and dried skin.
It has the effect of clearing away lung heat and moistening throat, and is a delicious soup in the family at present. Green radish is a kind of radish, which is slightly cool and sweet, and has the functions of invigorating stomach, promoting digestion, relieving cough and resolving phlegm, promoting diuresis, clearing heat and detoxifying. Dried tangerine peel is flat in nature, sweet and sour in taste, and has the effects of regulating middle energizer, dispersing stagnation, resolving phlegm and dredging five internal organs. Old duck is flat in nature, slightly cold and cool, sweet and salty in taste, and has the functions of strengthening yang, tonifying deficiency, diuresis and detumescence. Cantonese people often like to make soup with old ducks. Their folk proverb says, "Young ducks are wet and poisonous, and old ducks nourish yin", which makes sense. For example, the Compendium of Edible Materia Medica points out that "any new and tender duck is poisonous and it is better to grow strong".
Ingredients: 600g of green radish, 4 pieces of dried oranges 1, 4 pieces of old ducks1(about 600g), 2~3 pieces of ginger.
Cooking: peeled, washed and sliced green radish; Soak pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, and removing pulp; Cut off the tail, feet and internal organs of the old duck. Then put it in a clay pot filled with ginger, add 3000 ml of clear water (about 12 bowl of water), first boil it with strong fire, then stew it with slow fire for about two and a half hours, and add appropriate amount of salt and edible oil. This amount can be eaten by 3~4 people, and the green radish and duck can be picked up and mixed with soy sauce to serve.
Jiuge citrus
Chenpi jiuzhi Chenpi
Nine dried tangerines are licorice products, with yellow and brown color, thin and even slices, sweet, salty, fragrant and pungent taste, which can quench thirst, promote fluid production, regulate qi and stimulate appetite.
1, process
Blank-making, feeding and soaking, drying, feeding and drying, continuously feeding and drying, and adding licorice powder to obtain the finished product.
2. Key points of production
(1) Raw material requirements: fresh yellow sweet orange, orange, etc. The outermost layer (orange layer) of fruit is used as raw material.
(2) blanking: peel off the orange peel, and use a special planer to shave the outermost layer of the orange peel. The peeled skin is flaky and irregular, commonly known as money skin. Put 100 kg of orange peel, 50 liters of plum brine (pickled plum brine) and 0.5 kg of alum into the tank for soaking. After 48 hours, take out the orange peel, blanch it in boiling water for 2 minutes, and immediately rinse it with tap water. The rinsing time is about 24 hours. Then drain the orange peel, and then marinate it with 50% salt and 30% plum brine (referring to the weight percentage of raw materials). Pickling for about 20 days, taking out and drying to obtain orange peel blank.
(3) Decocting juice: boiling licorice, removing residues and concentrating. Add appropriate amount of sugar and saccharin, and dissolve them together to make the original juice for use.
(4) Soaking and drying: put the orange peel blank into a vat, pour the cooked licorice juice into the vat, and cover it. After stewing for 2 hours, take out the orange peel and part of the juice, put them in the baking tray together, and send them to the baking room for drying. After drying, add the original juice, which can be repeated many times. After the last feeding and drying, licorice powder (65438 0% of the weight of the finished product) was added outside the drying room, and mixed evenly to obtain nine-system dried tangerine peel.
Pickled plums/plums
Chenpi Pei-Mui Chan
Ingredients: preserved plum 50 kg sugar 85 kg fresh ginger 1250 g fresh orange peel 8.5 kg lemon peel 5 kg spiced powder 250 g clove powder 13 g licorice10.5 kg orange peel sauce and lemon sauce.
Features of dried tangerine peel and plum: rich aroma, sweet and sour taste, appetizing and fluid production, and unique flavor, which is the best in Cantonese preserves.
Pei-Mui Chan's method:
1. Soaking and bleaching: pour the plum blank into clear water for soaking and bleaching for 48 hours, remove part of the salt, then rinse the salt on the surface of the plum blank with clear water and drain it for later use.
2. Sugar pickling: Chop fresh ginger into mud, then mix it with orange peel sauce, lemon sauce and ginger paste evenly according to the ratio of 1 kg plum plums and 1 kg sugar, and put it in a jar for sugar pickling for about 7 days.
3. Boiling: Boil the preserved plums with the sauce, and add the remaining white sugar until the sugar concentration reaches more than 75%. When plums penetrate into the sauce, add licorice powder, clove powder and spiced powder and stir well.
4. Drying: cooling and drying the finished plum blank to obtain the finished product.
5. Preparation method of orange peel sauce and lemon peel sauce: Boil orange peel and lemon peel stored for more than 1 year with water for 1.5 ~ 20 minutes, and then rinse with clear water until no bitterness exists. After draining, pour it into a beater to make it into a pulp (or grind it into a pulp), and then cook it into orange peel sauce or lemon sauce according to the ratio of one pulp to two sugars.
Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae-Literature Extract
Compendium of Materia Medica: "In this way, the benefits of promoting qi circulation and drying dampness are always taken, and the same tonic must be supplemented, the same guide will be diarrhea, the same medicine will rise, and the same medicine will fall." Spleen is very important to qi, while lung is very important to absorb qi. Therefore, orange peel is essential to the qi distribution of the two meridians, but it can be used to invigorate qi and reduce qi. 」
Commonly used materia medica: "it can disperse diarrhea, warm and tonify, dispel diaphragmatic qi, eliminate phlegm and promote fluid production, regulate spleen and relieve cough, and relieve stranguria."
Materia Medica Jing Shu: "Xin Neng San, bitter Neng Xie, Wen Neng Tong, then qi goes down, vomiting and cough stop, the heat in the chest disappears, the spleen moves dirty by itself, and qi stagnation can't digest Shui Gu, that is, vomiting, cholera, diarrhea and so on. Bitter temperature can chisel the dampness of spleen, make qi stagnation run, and all the syndromes heal themselves. 」
"Herbal Yan Hui": "It tastes spicy and good, so it can open the air; The stomach is bitter and cathartic, so it can resolve phlegm; Its nature is mild and easy to understand, so it can stop vomiting and cough, strengthen the spleen and regulate the stomach. Dong Yuan said: My wife focuses on the spleen and stomach, and regulating qi comes first. If you want to regulate qi and strengthen the spleen, the role of orange peel is the first. 」
Chenpi-Fuyao
1. orange veins: and fascia on orange pulp. (It is the vascular bundle group between the mesocarp and endocarp of citrus). Bitter and flat. Function of resolving phlegm, regulating qi and dredging collaterals, suitable for phlegm blocking collaterals, cough, chest pain, etc. The general dosage is 1 yuan to 1.5 yuan, which is decocted and taken.
2. Exocarpium Citri Grandis: and the fruit of grapefruit belonging to Yunxiang family. Bitter, pungent and warm in nature. Function of eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm, regulating qi and promoting digestion. It is suitable for cough due to excessive phlegm, dyspepsia, abdominal distension and pain. The general dosage is 3- 10g, which is decocted.