Jade articles in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period
At school, many of us must have read the story about He Shibi, and I believe this story will leave a deep impression on many people. At that time, when reading this story, I think many people would have a question similar to mine, that is, why is the protagonist Bian He so obsessed with this jade? He offered jade twice and was punished twice until he was disabled for life. It was not until the third time that this jade was recognized and then made into a "He" by craftsmen. I learned two idioms from Hebi. One is that King Qin Zhao is willing to exchange 65,438+05 cities for Hershey. It can be seen that this wall is priceless. Secondly, Lin Xiangru lived up to his mission and risked his life to bring the jade back to Zhao "intact". After growing up, the author gradually fell in love with the collection, and finally saw jade in many categories. After continuous research and consulting, I finally understood the status of this jade in the hands of Bian He at that time. In the eyes of the ancients, this beautiful jade is very precious. If jade articles such as jade bi and jade cong are made of beautiful jade, it will bring better gifts for the country to worship heaven, worship the earth and pray for blessings.
Yubi
After telling the story of He Shibi, let's get down to business. Today's jade articles are more mysterious and special than other jade articles. First of all, we must make it clear that it belongs to jade. Among many types of jadeite jade, it looks strange. It is a kind of toothed jade, commonly known as "jade tooth jade", because it looks like a gear in a machine. Therefore, scholars named it Yu. As for Yu, according to Shangshu Shundian, "Yu Heng, Zheng." Kong Anguo, a scholar of the Western Han Dynasty, also said to Yu: "Be, watch it; Dear, Meiyu also; Yuheng, the king is an astronomical instrument and can operate. " This explanation. Later, Wu Dacheng, a epigraphy scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, suspected that it was the wheel used by the armillary sphere. However, where is this armillary sphere? There seems to be no connection between the astronomical instruments unearthed in Xuan Ji and the armillary sphere. When the former was unearthed, it was an orphan, and when the latter was unearthed, nothing similar to it was found around it.
Then, after talking about the modeling, let's talk about it again. What is Yu? Xuan literally means beautiful jade, which means an artifact used by ancient kings or astronomical observers to observe astronomy, so jade is undoubtedly the jade used by ancient people to observe astronomy (although the literal meaning seems to be asymmetric with the information unearthed in archaeology). According to archaeological findings, the "Jade Xuan Ji" known in China first appeared in the Longshan culture period of the Neolithic Age, and it is a typical jade article of Longshan culture. But so far, there is no conclusion about the use of this jade. Astronomical observation instruments cannot be proved for the time being.
Longshan Culture Belt Zhusha Qinyu Xuan Ji
Yu has a high position in culture. Together with Zhang Ya, it is called the artistic treasure of ancient Dongyi people. Jade Xuan Ji is often unearthed together with the famous Longshan black pottery. Black pottery in Longshan culture period is called "eggshell pottery", with very high specifications and very little unearthed quantity. Jade Xuan Ji and Longshan black pottery were unearthed together, which reflected its status from the side. As far as the unearthed area is concerned, the more inclined it is to the northern coast, the greater the unearthed amount will be. Therefore, fish probably evolved from the practical tools of primitive fishermen. Initially, it may be an auxiliary tool used by fishermen to weave nets. Fishermen first put it on a wooden stick, then rotated it and cut the net rope by the driving force of the wooden stick. Here, it mainly plays the role of a multi-edged knife. The reason for this view is mainly related to the diversity of materials, because in addition to jade, pottery products, clam shell products and stone products are also found on the original tooth wall (you should know that the selection of ancient jade ritual vessels is very strict).
Longshan culture yuxuanji
The reason why jade was once regarded as a part of ancient astronomical instruments or looms is estimated to be influenced by the evolution of Yugui. People think that Xuan Ji, like his sister-in-law, was born from primitive tools. Because the prototype of Yugui is a stone shovel, the prototype of Jade should be an ancient tool or a part of the original loom. This view coincides with the above view. I agree with this view. Although I don't know how Yu completed the transformation from practical tools to ritual vessels, this transformation should exist, because everything created by primitive ancestors has strict realistic basis. When jade was used, the perforation in the middle became bigger and bigger. When the blade gradually disappeared, the ancestors found that it was very similar to the jade used for sacrifice, so they classified it as a kind of jade. When it became a ritual vessel, its original features became more and more obvious in order to distinguish the relationship with jade.
Yu Zhang
At first, Yu Xuan Ji should be as versatile as other ancient tools. In the Longshan era, the ancestors also farmed and fished, so the surplus was used as a tool to cut off the net rope, and it was also possible to cut off the ears of grain or wheat. Speculation about this use is not groundless, because cultural researchers have found that Miao, Dong and Yao people in Yunnan and Guizhou in southern China are still using a very old tool to cut rice ears, which is the famous Miao "rice folding knife". The shape of the "passbook knife" has teeth and blades, which is very similar to that of. It is also said that Miao and Yao were born in Jiuli, and their ancestors belonged to the Chiyou Department, and they started their activities in Shandong. Later, a large-scale war broke out between Chiyou tribe and Huangdi tribe, and Chiyou was defeated. The Yellow Emperor sent some people from Chiyou tribe to Yunnan, Guizhou and other places. These people are the ancestors of "Jiuli", so this kind of "grain folding knife" used for harvesting is most likely related to the use of it.
Yu Xuan Ji
In a word, the jade of Longshan culture belongs to another wonderful work in China cultural utensils, and the jade Xuan Ji in Longshan culture jade is even more mysterious. We need to further study the unsolved secrets of Yu.