Hu Bi's hometown is Shanlian Town, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province. According to legend, Meng Tian, a general in Qin Dynasty, invented a brush with dead wood as the tube, deer hair as the column and wool as the quilt. Later, Meng Tian once lived in Shanlian, Huzhou, improved his writing brush, took the hair of rabbits and sheep, and "took good care of it" to make what later generations called a "lake pen". After the success of Hu's pen-making reform, he passed on his skills to the Shanlian people, so that almost every family in the local area could write and make pens. With a history of more than 2,000 years and the leading role of Han, Jin, Sui, Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties and contemporary calligraphers, Hu Bi has been deeply integrated into this land. Therefore, Shanlian built Mengtian Temple for it.
After Montaigne's death, Shanlian's calligrapher did not forget his ancestors' kindness and donated money to build "Meng Gong Temple" next to Yongxin Temple, also known as Meng Xi. Every birthday of Meng Tian and Bi Niangniang (according to legend, it is March 16 and September 16 of the lunar calendar), a grand commemorative event will be held. For thousands of years, people have gathered in Shanlian to worship their ancestors, hoping that the pen industry will flourish. Such folk activities have been going on.
The tiger wall is also called "Tiger Shadow", which is its greatest feature. The so-called "ying" means that there is a neat and transparent front ying at the tip of the pen, which is called "sunspot" in the industry. The depth of the "sunspot" is the length of Feng Ying, which is carefully made of fine mountain wool through nearly 100 processes, such as soaking, pulling, combing, splicing and combining. Bai Juyi once described the fineness and complexity of pen-making skills as "one in a million", "light hair and heavy work", so he said that "Mao Ying's skills are the best in the world".
Huzhou has always been a winning place in the southeast, with abundant talents and endless styles of writing. Famous calligraphers such as Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi, Yan Zhenqing, Mi Fei, Su Shi and Wang all worked as officials or lived in Huzhou. There are also lake painting and calligraphy talents such as Cao Buxing, Zhang Sengyou, Bei Yiyuan, Zhu Shen, Shi Gaoxian, Xu Biaoren and Yan Wengui. Wang Xizhi's seventh son, Sun Tzu, lived in Yongxin Temple in the lake for more than 30 years and was buried with his failure in the "Huibi Tomb". Their calligraphy and painting activities will definitely promote the rise of Huzhou pen industry.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, Huzhou was the first choice for literati to live in seclusion in the mountains. They sang hymns with their princes and scribes, which promoted the development of stationery. The change of book style and the splash of freehand brushwork literati paintings have affected the brush material from rabbit hair to wool; Xuanzhou is near the Song-Jin border. One or two hundred years before the invasion of Yuan soldiers, some pen makers may have gone south to Huzhou, which is near Lin 'an, the capital of Song Dynasty. All these have prepared the external environment for the breeding of Hu Bi.
The Song and Yuan Dynasties fought in central and southern Anhui for more than 40 years, and Xuancheng, which is located in the south of the Yangtze River, died. However, Huzhou, which borders Xuancheng, was very lucky to avoid the chaos of war and became the settlement of the adherents of the Southern Song Dynasty. Some pen makers in Xuancheng moved to the neighboring Huzhou, relying on the only remaining brush users in the south of the Yangtze River to make a living, and improving the pen-making technology as needed, and the lake pen was born.
The world-famous Hu Bi began in Yuan Dynasty. Qian Shunju's paintings, Zhao Mengfu's ci and Feng Yingke's pen are also called Xing Wu's Three Musts. With the popularity of Zhao's Ci in the world, Feng Yingke's "wonderful pen" in Zhao Mengfu's hand, which holds the pen all day long and is unbeaten in Japanese calligraphy, made his name spread like wildfire and was deeply rooted in people's hearts. In Yuan Dynasty, Huzhou was able to make pens repeatedly, and more than ten people, such as Feng Yingke, Shen Rixin, Wen Sheng, Yang Xianjun and Lu Ying, left their names in the history books, thus establishing the name of "Lake Pen".
Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang made Nanjing his capital, and Ming Taizu Judy moved to Beijing again. The cultural center moved northward, allowing the workers of Hubi to set sail and sell pens in Beijing. At that time, Jie Jin, who majored in Yongle Dadian, and others praised the excellent works of Lu Ying, Lu Wenbao, Xu Yuanxuan and Shi Tingyong. Since then, Shanlian calligraphers have gradually spread all over the north and south of the river and the main roads of Beijing. Although it has moved out of the soil, it is not easy to "name Hu Bi" for generations. According to the rough statistics recorded in relevant documents, the famous shops in Shanghai that have opened ports successively are: Dai, He Lianqing,; Yang Zhenhua, Li Dinghe, Zhou Huchen (said to be Xu Anbi) and Mao Chuntang; Suzhou Bisong Spring; Yangzhou Xingsan Temple; Tianjin Yu Yonghe et al. Constantly exporting skilled calligraphers and all kinds of lake pens and pen embryos, maintaining the reputation of "Mao Ying's stunts are the best in the world".
Zhao Mengfu, a great painter and calligrapher in the Yuan Dynasty, was very concerned about and attached great importance to the local Hu pen-making skills. According to Huzhou government records, he once asked someone to make a pen for him, even if one pen was not satisfactory, the requirements were very strict. This strict quality requirement has been passed down to this day. At present, there are nearly 300 varieties in four categories: Yang Hao, Shuangshua, Zihao and Langhao. 1983 Vice Chairman Deng visited Japan and gave hundreds of sets of lake pens as gifts to Japanese friends.
1929, the annual output of Shanlian Hu pen reached 480,000 yuan, and there were more than 300 craftsmen and pen makers in the town 1000. Since War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the output of Hu Bi has decreased, with the lowest output of 194 1. During the occupation, culture was destroyed, pen-making materials were controlled, product sales were blocked, and production was seriously damaged. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, prices soared, the industry manipulated the market and exploited it, and pen makers struggled on the hunger line. On the eve of liberation, Shanlian's pen-making industry declined, and the traditional craft was in danger of being lost. After the founding of New China, the production of Hu Bi has been developed and improved. 1956 In April, Shanlianhu Pen Co-operative Society was established. 1959 set up shanlian lake pen factory to promote the development of lake pen production.
196 1 year, the 200th anniversary of Wang Yipinzhai Bizhuang's pioneering work, the party and state leaders Zhu De, Dong, Chen Yi, Guo Moruo, He Xiangning, social celebrities, Ye Shengtao, Shen, Fu Baoshi, Wu Zuoren and Pan Tianshou wrote poems and paintings in succession to express their congratulations. Guo Moruo wrote an inscription for Bizhuang's new residence (located in Hongqi Road, Huzhou), and wrote a poem: "The lake pen strives to spread Wang Yipin, and the book comes to help the hall. Liaotan blue waves flow with new rhyme, and the empty valley orchid sends far fragrance. Vertical unification is to return 220, and refinement is considered to be medium and strong. Today, Hongwen surpasses the Qin and Han Dynasties, and thousands of strange people write newspapers. " He compared the empty valley with orchids and praised the exquisite lake brush, which shows his deep friendship with Wang Yipin.
The Cultural Revolution brought disaster to the production of Hu Bi, and many famous brand products were forced to stop production in the name of "revival". After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the production of Huxi Pen came back to life and flourished at a faster speed. In the 1990s, there were more than 60 enterprises, pen shops and individual workshops in Huzhou and Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, with about 1 000 employees, with an annual output of more than 7 million pens. Wang Yipinzhai Bizhuang in Huzhou, Shao Zhiyan Bizhuang in Hangzhou, and Shanlian Lake Pen Factory in Huzhou are the backbone enterprises that produce lake pens in Zhejiang Province. With the development of tourism, more and more international friends and tourists, especially Japanese calligraphy and painting circles, come to Huzhou to visit Wang Yipinzhai Bizhuang. 1982 In the spring, the famous Japanese painter Aoyama led a Jiangnan cultural delegation to visit Wang Yipinzhai Bizhuang, and he became interested in pen-making skills. He improvised with Wang Yipin's pen, leaving a precious Mo Bao. 1983 Vice Chairman Deng visited Japan and gave hundreds of sets of lake pens as gifts to Japanese friends. 194 Zhejiang province produced 283 16000 brushes, accounting for 1 1% of the national total output. During the period of 1979- 1987, the Shuangyang brand lake pen of Shanlianhu Pen Factory won the title of high-quality product of Zhejiang Province and high-quality product of Ministry of Light Industry, and won the silver award of excellent export product of Ministry of Light Industry from 1988. During 1994, at the 5th Asian Expo held in Beijing by Wang Yipinzhai Bizhuang, Huzhou, Bai Yuanfeng won the Golden Blue Award and Bo Gu won the Silver Award. Hangzhou Shaozhiyuan Bizhuang's drawing brush also won the gold medal at the same Expo.
In order to meet the needs of tourism, Wang Yipinzhai Bizhuang has specially produced many lake pens, such as Lanting, Goose Pond, Cuihengchun, Han Shi in Xiling and Banpingshan, which are known as "tourist treasures". Wang Yipin also made a commemorative pen specially for the late social celebrities. On the first anniversary of Guo Moruo's death, Wang Yipin refined Tang Ding's Legacy (Tang Ding is Guo Moruo's nickname). Wu Changshuo, a master of Chinese painting, loved to write Shi Guwen with Yang Hao. Wang Yipin copied his pen and published Lu Miaoying. On the day of Mao Dun's death, Wang Yipin rushed out a batch of writing brushes to commemorate this outstanding writer. Pen is the first in Four Treasures of the Study, while Lake Pen has been given various unique names in ancient times and has been widely used so far. Interesting and intriguing.
1. tube: Jane: tube, pen also tube.
2. Guanzi: During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, a scholar visited Li and called this pen Guanzi.
3. Mao Ying: Song Chen Yuan's Collected Works of Mo Tang: "What do I do, Wan Li Mao Yiying."
4. Guanchengzi: Tang Hanyu's Biography of Mao Ying: "Qin Shihuang gave Tom (Meng Tian) a gift, and appointed governors to manage the city, and posthumous title Guanchengzi. Pen was made by Meng Tian, hence its name. In the Song Dynasty, Huang Tingjian's poem "Play for Father" said: "There is no meat in Guan, but Kong has a close friend."
5. Guan Chenghou: There is a saying in the four books of the study. Biography of Guancheng Hou: Promote Mao, learn the style of writing, and make him Guancheng Hou.
6. Zhongshan Jun: Biography of Mao Ying: Mao Ying is also from Zhongshan. Seal off the city, tired of worshipping the Chinese book order, and call it "Zhong Shujun". Su Dongpo's poem "Self-mockery" in the Song Dynasty: "Zhong Shujun, thank you for staying here with me" is to recite this matter.
7. Hairpin: Yang Wanli's "Cheng Zhai Ji" in the Southern Song Dynasty: "The pillow is leaning against Mo Chi, and the big sword is raised on the left and the hairpin is raised on the right."
8. Maoawl: The Biography of Zhao Hongchuan in the New Five Dynasties: "Zhao Hong said:' A court should have long guns and big swords, if Maoawl is enough'? Zhang Wang, the third envoy, said,' Hairless awl, how do you collect the military tax? Mao awl cover pen also ".
9. Millie, Millie Element: The cloud in Jin's Wen Fu: Or it contains a Millie and invites it, "Only one Millie Element is planned". Shan Li's note: "Millie, pen also, the book is modest and simple", so it is also called "Millie".
10. Millikan: "Bai Letian Series": Lotte and Wei Yuan both have their own slender pens. Try them for Millikan.
1 1. Qiu Hao: Su Dongpo's "Fresh Yu Zijun Looking at Wu Daozi Paintings": "I feel that I have inadvertently put pen to paper, which is wonderful and unique."
12. Hao Jian, Yuan Feng: Examination of Mountain Hall: In the Tang Dynasty, the entrance examination was about to be held, and people who were greedy for profits competed for the famous pens of Hao Jian and Yuan Feng. Its price is ten times higher than usual.
13. Wool quilt, wolf hair quilt and double-stranded brush: The raw material of the brush is wool, wolf tail hair or a mixture of the two. Wool pen multiplied by wool, wolf brush is called wolf hair, and the two mixed pens are called double brush. Therefore, some people take wool, wolf hair, double brush and other titles as another name for "pen".
14, Xu Long: "Xu Longsong": "reinterpret his pen, saying that Xu Long is a friend". The pen has a pair of praise couplets: the dragon must be a friend, and the eyes shine. "Dragon beard" refers to a pen.
15. Rabbit and: Couplet: "Rabbit pushes Zhao and sends Zhang Hua", here are two allusions. The first part comes from Wang Xizhi's Bi Jing: In the Han Dynasty, rabbit hair was worshipped in all counties, but China was only used by Zhao. "The second paragraph is from the Collection of Cultural Relics by Wang Jia of the Eastern Jin Dynasty: Zhang Hua wrote the Natural History, and Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty presented the famous pen Linjiaoguan as encouragement.
16. Chicken distance, deer hair, moustache and horns: There is a couplet: "Chicken distance from deer hair is colorful, and mouse beard horns brush away a thousand troops." The first pair of couplets "Chicken Distance" and "Deer Hair Story" are both ancient masterpieces. The former compiled Bai Juyi's "Send Bibi Fu": "No rabbit hair, no manuscript; If you don't know the chicken distance, you can't get into the book. " The latter compiled Geography of the Tang Dynasty: Shigong, Qichun County, qi zhou: Bai Shuyou, Deer Brush. The second couplet "moustache" and "copy" are also ancient pens. The Book of Classics says, "Zhang Zhi and Zhong You used parallel pens in the world, and their pens were vigorous and powerful." "Pro-teaching" means "Pro-teaching management".
17. Peiya and Changhua: Zhiza Pavilion: The pen gods are named Peiya and Changhua.
18. Hu Ying: Tiger skin is also called Hu Ying. Tiger shadow is the biggest feature of the tiger wall. The so-called "coincidence" means that there is a neat, transparent and shiny seam at the tip of the pen, which is called "sunspot" by the industry, which is not available in other pens. Therefore, it is called.