1. determine the structure: the abstract should have a clear structure, including introduction, research purpose, research methods, main results and conclusions. Organize the contents in this order, so that readers can quickly understand the overall framework of the research.
2. Concise: The abstract should briefly summarize the main contents of the paper and avoid lengthy and tedious sentences. Use concise and clear language to convey the core idea of the paper as accurately as possible.
3. Provide background and purpose: In the introduction, summarize the research background and related research status. Explain the purpose and importance of the research, and provide readers with enough background information.
4. Describe the research methods: briefly describe the research methods and experimental design. Explain data collection methods, sample selection, experimental equipment or software tools, etc. If a special statistical analysis method or model is used, it can also be briefly mentioned.
5. Summarize the main results: provide the main results and findings of the paper, and highlight the innovation and important findings of the research. Try to use specific data, indicators or cases to support the description of the results.
6. Emphasize the conclusion and significance: summarize the main conclusions of the paper and emphasize its significance and contribution in the research field. Explain the influence of research results on theory, practice or policy, and point out the possible further research direction.
7. Control the number of words and format: according to the requirements of periodicals or academic conferences, control the number of words and format of abstracts. Usually the number of words in the abstract is limited to about 200-300 words, but the specific requirements may be different.
It should be noted that different academic fields, journals or conferences may have different specific requirements for abstract writing. It is suggested that you carefully read the writing guide of the target journal or conference before writing the abstract and follow the corresponding writing requirements. At the same time, peers or tutors can be invited to review and provide feedback to ensure the quality and accuracy of the abstract.