1, broomcorn millet, yellow flower. The fruit is oblong or ovoid, with sharp ends and many tumor-like protrusions on the surface. When ripe, it is orange and slightly bitter, and can be eaten as a vegetable.

2. The fruit of this plant. |||| Some areas are called melons.

Biological classification: Eukaryotes, Plants, Angiosperms, Dicotyledons, Cucurbitaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Momordica, Momordica (M? charantia)

Scientific name: bitter gourd? Chalantiap

Bitter gourd is the fruit of an annual climbing herb of Cucurbitaceae. Leaves alternate, palmate? 5-7? Deep cracks. The flowers are small, unisexual, monoecious and yellow. Is it longer than? 2? rice. Fruit spindle-shaped, with tumor-like processes. When ripe, it is orange yellow, bitter, bright red and sweet. It is cultivated all over China. ?

Characteristics and characteristics of bitter gourd?

Bitter gourd, alias cold melon. It is an annual climbing herb and belongs to Momordica charantia of Cucurbitaceae. Native to tropical areas of East India. Japan and Southeast Asia have a long history of cultivation, which was introduced to Europe in the17th century. It can only be seen, not eaten. It has been cultivated in China for a long time, not only for ornamental purposes, but also for vegetables. Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Hunan, Sichuan and other provinces are widely cultivated. Bitter gourd fruit contains many nutrients. The edible part contains protein 0.9 g, fat 0.2 g, sugar 3.2 g, cellulose 1. 1 g, carotene 0.08 mg, vitamin B 65438 0.07mg+ vitamin B 00.07mg, vitamin C20.04mg and vitamin C 84mg, which is the highest among melons and vegetables, second only to peppers. The content of tender fruit glycoside is high, and it tastes bitter. As the fruit matures, the glycoside decomposes and the bitterness fades, so eat more tender fruits. The meat is crisp and tender, with moderate bitterness and delicious flavor. You can fry, cook, stew, cold salad, pickle and drink. In medicine, it has the effects of appetizing, improving eyesight, helping digestion, cooling and detoxifying, diuresis, and treating calf urine disease. Bitter gourd is heat-resistant, with few pests and diseases, and easy to cultivate. In recent years, large and medium-sized cities have been cultivated as varieties to increase the color of anti-season vegetables in summer and autumn. Bitter gourd in Guangdong is also exported to Hong Kong and Macao. Bitter gourd is also used as an ornamental plant for vertical greening in gardens. It has small yellow flowers in summer, which is really a little yellow among evergreen trees. When the fruit is ripe, it is orange, adding another scene. After the pulp is cracked, there is thick red meat outside the seed, which looks like egg yolk and is very gorgeous. Bitter gourd is not only a good dish in summer, but also a kind of good medicine. People pay more and more attention to it and gradually expand the planting area.

1. Features and features? The root system is developed and there are many lateral roots. The distribution range of root groups is over 65438 0.3 meters. The stem is tendril-shaped, pentagonal, dark green, fluffy, with strong branching, easy to tendril sideways, followed by yang tendrils, forming aboveground parts and lush foliage. Cotyledons unearthed, primary opposite, shield-shaped, green. True leaves alternate, palmately parted, green, with light green back. Five radial veins, leaf length 18cm, width18-24cm, petiole 9 9- 10/0cm, with grooves on the stalk. Flowers are unisexual and dioecious. Male flowers first, then female flowers, solitary. The fruit is a berry with many tumor-like protrusions on its surface. Fruit shapes are spindle-shaped, short cone-shaped, long cone-shaped and so on. The pericarp color is green, greenish white and strong green, and it is orange when it matures. The pulp cracked and the seeds were exposed. The seeds are shield-shaped, flat and light yellow. Each fruit contains 20-30 seeds, and the 1000-grain weight is150-180 g.

The whole growth process of bitter gourd takes about 80- 100 days, and it grows slowly before the vine-pulling stage, and most of the stems and vines are formed at the flowering and fruiting stage. Each node has lateral vines from bottom to top, forming multi-level stems and vines. With the growth of stems and vines, the number and area of leaves are increasing, and the flowering and fruiting period accounts for 95% of the leaf area of a single plant. It can be seen that the assimilation organ was formed in the middle and late stage of flowering and fruiting. Generally, the first male flower occurs in section 4-6; The first female flower occurs in the 8th-14th node, usually one female flower occurs every 3-6 nodes, but most of them have 6-7 female flowers before the 50th node of the main vine. From the point of view of regulating plant nutrition, removing lateral vines is beneficial to concentrate nutrients and improve the female flower setting rate of main vines.

Bitter gourd is warm, heat-resistant and not cold-resistant. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 30-35℃. Germination is slow below 20℃, and the seed coat is thick. After soaking in warm water at 40-50℃ for 4-6 hours, it germinates around 30℃, and most of it germinates in two and a half days. It is difficult to germinate below 13℃. The optimum temperature for plant growth is 20-30℃, and 25℃ is the best. The optimum temperature at flowering and fruiting stage is about 25℃. In the range of 15-25℃, the higher the temperature, the better the growth and development of bitter gourd. Most people think that temperatures above 35℃ and below 15℃ are not conducive to the growth of bitter gourd. The requirement for the length of sunshine is not strict, it is not tolerant to shade, and it needs strong light during flowering and fruiting, which is beneficial to photosynthesis and fruit setting rate. Bitter gourd prefers wet to waterlogging, and it needs 85% air relative humidity and soil humidity during its growth. It has wide adaptability to soil, but fertile loam with good water and fertilizer retention is suitable.

Momordica charantia was not recorded in medical books before Ming Dynasty, but was included in Disaster Relief Materia Medica and Compendium of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty. It is suspected that Sambo eunuch was transplanted from Nanyang Islands when he went to the Western Ocean. In Qing Dynasty, Wang Mengying's "Diet Spectrum with Interest" said: "Bitter gourd is bitter and cold in Qing Dynasty; Clearing heat, improving eyesight and clearing heart. This sauce can be pickled. ┅┅ People with moderate cold (cold bottom) should not eat it. When cooked, it is red, sweet and flat, nourishing blood and softening the liver, strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney. " ? In other words, when the melon is ripe, the color is red, the bitterness is reduced, the coldness is reduced, and the nourishing effect is obvious. Compared with late ripening, it is supplemented by clarity. In fact, eating bitter gourd is delicious only when the color is blue and yellow, and it has the effect of clearing away heat and relieving summer heat. ?

Bitter gourd tastes bitter, and southerners eat more vegetables. Bitter gourd can be eaten in summer and autumn, and eaten with Mo as a meal, but it is delicious and not bitter. Cantonese in China sliced bitter gourd, dried it and used it as medicine, which is the dry bitter gourd for treating colds in summer. ?

Cooking home-cooked dishes with bitter gourd, such as "fried frog with cold melon", "ribs with cold melon" and "stuffed cold melon", is meaningful to eat. But people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang don't know the taste and eat less bitter gourd. Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian are rich in bitter gourd, while other provinces enjoy it in potted plants. ?

Bitter gourd is named after its taste, and the bitter word is not pleasant to listen to. Cantonese also call it cold melon. Bitter gourd is shaped like a tumor, also called melon; Melon has wrinkles, like litchi, so it is also called brocade litchi. ?

Chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine: the fruit contains momordicosides, which are β-sitosterol -β-D- glucoside and 5,25-stigmadiene -3- glucoside (5,25-stigmadiene -3β- alcohol -β-D). It also contains serotonin and various amino acids, such as glutamic acid, alanine, β-alanine, phenylalanine, proline, α -aminobutyric acid, citrulline, galacturonic acid and pectin [6]. It also contains lipids, the fatty acid of which is palmitic acid (palmitic acid? Acid); Stearic acid (stearic acid? Acid), oleic acid (oleic acid? Acid), linoleic acid (linoleic acid? Acid), linolenic acid (linolenic acid? Acid), tung acid? Acid) [7].

Sexual taste and meridian tropism:?

Bitter and cold. Enter spleen, stomach, heart and liver meridians. ?

Efficacy:?

Clearing away heat and heart fire, detoxifying and improving eyesight, invigorating qi and essence, quenching thirst and relieving summer heat, and treating carbuncle. ?

Clinical application:?

1.？ Used for upset, thirst, heatstroke, etc. ?

Hot and thirsty: fresh bitter gourd? 1? A, cutting off pulp, slicing and decocting; ?

Heatstroke: Eat fresh bitter gourd? 1? First, cut off the pulp, put it into the tea, then add it, and hang it in a ventilated place to dry in the shade, each time? 6-9? G, decoction or boiling water immersion instead of tea. ?

2.？ Used for carbuncle and dysentery. ?

Carbuncle swelling: take fresh bitter gourd and mash it and apply it to the affected area; ?

Dysentery: take fresh bitter gourd juice and take it with boiling water; Or a fresh bitter gourd, mashed to get juice, washed with boiling water or dried with bitter gourd vines and ground into powder, each time? 3? Dick, every once in a while? 6? Once every hour, take it with boiling water. ?

3.？ Treat liver fire, red eyes or pain. ?

Boil soup or juice for drinking; ?

Or dry bitter gourd? 15? Dick, chrysanthemum? 10? G. decoct in water. ?

4.？ Used for colds, fever, body aches and bitter taste in summer. ?

Dried bitter gourd? 15? G, even the beard is green and white? 10? Grandma, ginger? 6? G. decoct in water. ?

5.？ Used for stomachache. ?

Bitter gourd is burnt into charcoal and ground into powder, every time? 1? Dick, boiled water for a day? 2-3? Time.

Attention to use:?

People with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold should not eat raw food, which makes people vomit, diarrhea and abdominal pain. ?

Pregnant women are not suitable. ?

References:?

Southern Yunnan herbs:? "Treating Dan fire gas, the boils are toxic, otherwise the whole body will become sesame boils." Purging six meridians to strengthen fire, clearing heat and relieving summer heat, benefiting qi and quenching thirst. " ?

Life and Life: "Clearing away heat and toxic materials, eliminating fatigue, clearing heart and improving eyesight"?

Materia Medica Seeking Truth: "Except pyrolysis."?

Wang Qing Meng Ying's interesting life recipes:? "Bitter gourd is bitter and cold; Clearing heat, improving eyesight and clearing heart. This sauce can be pickled. ┅┅ People with moderate cold (cold bottom) should not eat it. When cooked, it is red, sweet and flat, nourishing blood and softening the liver, strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney. " ?

Toxic and side effects:?

Modern research: Bitter gourd contains bitter gourd, 5- hydroxytryptamine and glutamic acid, alanine, proline, γ -aminobutyric acid, citrulline, galacturonic acid, pectin, sugar, trace fat, protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene and vitamins. B 1, vitamins? B2, vitamins? c？ Wait a minute. ?

Bitter gourd juice or bitter gourd can lower blood sugar. ?

Bitter gourd kernel? (seed)? It tastes bitter and sweet, but it can "replenish qi and strengthen yang". The aphrodisiac here almost refers to the accumulation of heat in kidney fire, and sexual intercourse will be discharged at the touch, so bitter gourd kernel will dispel its evil heat, and sexual intercourse will be balanced and return to normal, so it can strengthen yang. If impotence is weak and cold, it will aggravate impotence. ?

According to animal experiments, pregnant rats fed with bitter gourd juice will cause uterine bleeding and die within a few hours, so pregnant women should not eat bitter gourd. ?

Momordica charantia from Cucurbitaceae? Bitter gourd? L. use melons, roots, vines and leaves as medicine. Collect in summer, treat separately, and dry in the sun.

Nature and taste belong to melons, roots and leaves: bitter and cold.

Function is mainly used for clearing away heat and toxic materials. Used for heatstroke, fever, toothache, enteritis, dysentery and bloody stool; Topical treatment of miliaria, boils, boils.

Usage and dosage: melon, root and grade: 2 ~ 3; Appropriate amount is applied externally, mashed or rubbed on the affected area.

Excerpted from the National Collection of Chinese Herbal Medicine

Cultural appreciation

Shen Peng, Qing Ye. "Broken Magnolia Brocade Litchi": "Yellow leaves are green, the wind on the fence attracts butterflies, the fruit is separated, and the small print steals the brocade litchi. However, if you want to be handsome, you don't have to laugh at his concubine. Rattan pulp, is it eighteen niangs in southern Fujian? "

Folklore: Bitter gourd has a characteristic of "not passing on its own bitterness to other things", that is, it is fried and cooked with any dish such as fish and meat, and it will never pass on its own bitterness to the other side. Therefore, some people say that bitter gourd "has the virtue and merit of a gentleman" and is known as "the dish of a gentleman".

Folk proverb: "People say bitter gourd is bitter, but I say bitter gourd is sweet. You can choose whether it is bitter or not. There is no sweetness without bitterness. "

Healthy diet

1. Bitter gourd mixed with celery? Bitter gourd, celery150g each, sesame sauce, garlic paste, appropriate amount each. Peel the bitter gourd, remove the pulp, cut it into filaments, blanch it with boiling water, rinse it with cold water, drain the water, then mix celery and bitter gourd, add seasoning and mix well. This dish has the effect of cooling liver and lowering blood pressure, and is suitable for hypertensive patients with hyperactivity of liver yang.

2. balsam pear tea? Bitter gourd 1, green tea in moderation. Cut the upper end of bitter gourd, dig out the pulp, add green tea, and hang the melon in a cool and ventilated place; Pick bitter gourd dried in the shade, wash it, chop it with tea leaves, mix it evenly, put 10g into a cup, and brew it with boiling water for drinking. The tea has the effects of clearing away heat, relieving summer heat, promoting diuresis and relieving restlessness, and is suitable for heatstroke, fever, thirst and irritability.

3. Bitter gourd juice? 500 grams of fresh bitter gourd. First, wash and slice the bitter gourd, add 250 ml of water to the pot and cook for about 10 minute until the melon is ripe. Eat melons and drink juice. This fruit juice has the effect of clearing away heat and improving eyesight, and is suitable for people with liver fire and red eyes and pain.

4. Bitter gourd mud juice? Three strips of bitter gourd and 60 grams of sugar. Wash the bitter gourd first, mash it into mud, add sugar and mix well. After 2 hours, squeeze out the water and cool it once. This juice has the effects of clearing away heat, promoting diuresis and inducing resuscitation, and is suitable for deafness, ear swelling and pain, red tongue with yellow fur, and short and red urine caused by disturbance of damp heat.

Note: Bitter gourd is cool, and it is not suitable for people with spleen and stomach deficiency.

Common diseases of bitter gourd

Bitter gourd white silk disease

Pathogenic characteristics:

The whole plant withered, the stem base was wrapped by tremella rope or rapeseed-like brown sclerotia, and the affected part was brown rot. A large number of white bands and brown sclerotia can be seen on the soil surface.

Law of occurrence:

Pathogenic bacteria overwinter in the soil with the bacterial rope and sclerotia left by the diseased residue, spread through irrigation water and rainwater, and invade from the wound to cause disease. After the onset, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum spreads through running water or comes into contact with neighboring plants through mycelium climbing. Hot and humid weather is conducive to the onset. Continuous cropping, acid soil and sandy loam with good permeability often cause serious diseases by using raw soil and miscellaneous fertilizers.

Prevention and control methods:?

(1) Avoid continuous cropping seriously.

(2) timely inspection found that the diseased plants were pulled out and burned in time, and diluted 150 kg of water with mycorrhiza near the diseased site, and the roots were irrigated.

(3) Prevention first and comprehensive treatment.

Bitter gourd perforation:

Pathogenic characteristics:

Mainly harmful to leaves. The leaf spot is nearly round, yellowish brown to yellowish white or grayish white, with a transverse diameter ranging from 1 mm to several mm, and small black spots as big as needles appear on the spot surface. In the later stage, the lesion tissue is easy to fall off into leaf perforation, and necrotic tissue remains around the perforation spot. The disease is similar to Cercospora leaf spot, but the difference is that the disease is characterized by small black spots rather than mildew, and most of them are perforated spots.

Law of occurrence:

All pathogens overwinter in the soil, mycelium and conidia are left with the sick and disabled, and conidia are used as inoculum for primary and re-invasion, spreading infection and causing diseases by rainwater sputtering. Warm and humid weather is conducive to the onset.

Prevention and control methods:?

( 1)? Select disease-resistant varieties.

(2)? Combined with comprehensive control of anthracnose.

(3)? Spray with 50% Enrique 800 times solution.

Bitter gourd diet-how to eat bitter gourd?

First of all, bitter gourd should be eaten raw to lose weight, and two or three pieces should be eaten raw a day. Because bitter gourd contains a lot of fat, it is well founded. Friends who want to lose weight are not afraid to try! Bitter gourd is bitter, but for our slimming purpose, let's try it together! Good quality and low price! According to the following:

Bitter gourd, named after its bitter taste, is also called cold melon. Bitter gourd is also a vegetable used to clear heat in summer. Bitter gourd is rich in vitamins B, C, calcium and iron. Li Shizhen said that bitter gourd has the effects of "dispelling pathogenic heat, relieving fatigue, clearing heart and improving eyesight, benefiting qi and strengthening yang". According to the research, it has obvious hidden blood sugar effect and has certain curative effect on diabetes. It also has certain antiviral ability and anticancer effect. ?

Bitter gourd cooked food is warm, raw food is cold, and people with spleen deficiency and stomach cold should not eat it raw. In addition, pregnant women should be careful about their diet. ?

Obesity is like the plague in the world today, spreading from one country to another, from one person to another, and "special effects" slimming products appear constantly, but the pace of obesity has never stopped. But in Hanzhong, our province, some people can't get fat even after eating, and their bodies are slim and delicate, and their skin is smooth and tender. Why? What secrets do they have? ?

CCTV's "Life and Health" column group once reported this wonderful landscape, which revealed the mystery: it turns out that they eat 2-3 bitter melons raw every day, so they are so slim. At that time, during the interview, the director Miss Lu Di also tried to take a bite, which soon hurt. It seems that although the weight loss effect of bitter gourd is surprisingly good, it is really unbearable to eat several pieces every day. Of course there are exceptions. An old lady surnamed Sun ate five bitter melons in one breath in front of the camera. She said that her original weight was 1.74kg, and she suffered from hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis. After eating bitter gourd for a year, her weight was reduced to 96 kg, and all those diseases were cured. ?

Bitter gourd is bitter, and the bitterness can't be swallowed, but you know what? A bitter gourd contains 0.4% of the weight-loss special ingredient-high-energy lipid. Eat a few bitter melons a day, and you won't get fat no matter how you eat or sleep. ?

concentrate one's attention

Bitter gourd contains quinine, which will stimulate uterine contraction and cause abortion. Pregnant women should be careful to eat!

[Edit this paragraph] Nutritional analysis

1.？ Promote diet, diminish inflammation and reduce fever;

Momordicoside and picroside in bitter gourd can stimulate appetite, strengthen spleen and increase appetite. Quinine, an alkaloid substance contained in it, has the effects of promoting diuresis and blood circulation, diminishing inflammation and reducing fever, clearing away heart fire and improving eyesight;

2.？ Anticancer:

The protein component of Momordica charantia and a large amount of vitamin C can improve the immune function of the body and make immune cells have the function of killing cancer cells; Bitter gourd juice contains some protein components, which can enhance the ability of macrophages and is effective for lymphosarcoma and leukemia in clinic. Trypsin inhibitor extracted from bitter gourd seeds can inhibit the protease secreted by cancer cells and prevent the growth of malignant tumors;

3.？ Lowering blood sugar:

Momordica charantia fresh juice contains momordicin and insulin-like substances, which has a good hypoglycemic effect and is an ideal food for diabetic patients.

[Edit this paragraph] Suitable for the crowd

The general population can eat it.

1.？ Suitable for patients with diabetes, cancer and miliaria;

2.？ Bitter gourd is cold, and people with spleen and stomach deficiency are not suitable for eating.

[Edit this paragraph] Cooking instructions

1.？ Don't eat too much at once.

2.？ Bitter gourd boiled water to scrub the skin can clear away heat, relieve itching and eliminate malnutrition.

3.？ Bitter gourd eaten with eggs can protect bones, teeth and blood vessels, make iron better absorbed, have the function of invigorating stomach, and can treat stomachache, eye pain, cold, typhoid fever and diarrhea and vomiting in children.

Although bitter, bitter gourd will not penetrate into other materials when it is matched with other ingredients, so it is called "gentleman's dish".

Cold bitter gourd?

Taste: crisp and refreshing, cool and without fire?

Ingredients of chilled bitter gourd: 500g bitter gourd and 25g medlar?

Seasoning: Sprite 1/2 tbsp, mineral water 1/2 tbsp, orange juice 1/2 tbsp, appropriate amount of rock sugar, honey 1 tbsp?

1. Wash and peel bitter gourd and cut into strips; Wash medlar for later use;

2. Put the crystal sugar, sprite and mineral water into a bowl, put the bitter gourd slices and medlar into the bowl after the crystal sugar is dissolved, and put them into the refrigerator for cooling;

3. Put the ice bitter gourd on the plate with honey and orange juice.

[Edit this paragraph] Therapeutic effect

Bitter gourd tastes bitter, non-toxic, cold in nature, and enters the heart, liver, spleen and lung meridians;

Has the effects of clearing away heat, relieving summer-heat, improving eyesight, removing toxic substances, inducing diuresis, cooling blood, relieving fatigue, clearing heart fire, invigorating qi and strengthening yang;

Indications: heatstroke, summer heat, polydipsia, summer furuncle, excessive miliaria, red eyes, swelling and pain, carbuncle, erysipelas, burns, oliguria, etc.

Beauty function

Bitter gourd can moisturize white skin, calm and moisturize skin, especially in hot summer, applying iced bitter gourd slices can immediately relieve skin irritability.

Eat bitter gourd to prevent acne

Bitter gourd is also known as bitter gourd, golden litchi, bitter grape, toad, red girl, cold melon and gentleman's dish. Bitter gourd originated in eastern India and spread to southern China in the early Ming Dynasty. Bitter gourd belongs to cucurbitaceae and is an annual vine. Its stems, leaves, flowers and fruits all look strange and can be used as ornamental plants. ?

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the spleen and stomach are warm and steaming internally, or the lung meridian is hot, or the digestive tract is dysfunctional, or the impulse and appointment are not coordinated, and the rise and stagnation in the face become acne. ?

Summer is the season of acne. In summer, the temperature suddenly rises, people sweat more, sebaceous glands secrete more sebum, clothes are airtight or rub against the body, leading to the outbreak of acne. ?

Momordica charantia is cold and bitter, enters the heart, lungs and stomach, and has the functions of clearing away heat, quenching thirst, lowering blood pressure, reducing blood fat, caring skin and promoting metabolism. Bitter gourd is rich in vitamin B 1, vitamin C and minerals. If used for a long time, it can maintain vitality and is of great benefit to the treatment of acne. ?

Therefore, in summer, we should eat less spicy, greasy, high-calorie, high-sugar and crude fiber foods, eat more vegetables rich in vitamins such as bitter gourd and carrot, and pay attention to drinking more water. ?

Vegetarian fried bitter gourd:

Ingredients: bitter gourd and salad oil?

Method: stir fry with fire?

Bitter gourd fried eggs:

Ingredients: bitter gourd, eggs, the right amount?

Method: fry the eggs until 70-80% cooked, then add bitter gourd and stir-fry with strong fire.

[Edit this paragraph] Remarks

One fruit tumor after another on bitter gourd is the characteristic to judge the quality of bitter gourd. The bigger the particle, the fuller it is, indicating that the melon meat is thicker; The smaller the particles, the thinner the melon meat. Bitter gourd should be white and beautiful in addition to picking large fruit tumors and erect fruit lines, because if bitter gourd turns yellow, it means it is overripe, the pulp is soft and not crisp enough, and it loses its proper taste.

[Edit this paragraph] Several ways to eat bitter gourd

The first type: bitter gourd fried bacon?

This is a Hunan home-cooked dish. Wax products are often used in Hunan cuisine, because Hunan wax products have their own unique flavor. In Guangzhou, although there are restaurants with the signboard of "Maojia Cuisine", when it comes to materials, let alone Bai La peppers and preserved fish, even Hunan preserved meat is not available. Although Hunan bacon can't be found in the market, Guangdong bacon is still available. Guangdong bacon is rich in fat, so people who are afraid of being fat can remove the fat layer. Bacon can be kept in the refrigerator for a long time. When it comes to good bacon, it can teach people endless aftertaste. Some people like to fry bitter gourd first to get rid of its bitterness, but the bitterness of bitter gourd is actually bitter before it is sweet. You can feel it after eating it several times. Stir-fried but crispy. Look at the street stall selling miscellaneous vegetables and rice. That kind of soft and shaky thing is anti-textbook. ?

Ingredients: bitter gourd 300g, bacon 150g, shredded ginger 15g, minced garlic 10g, red pepper 10g, broth 30g, cooking wine 10g, a little pepper, and raw flour 10g. ?

Exercise 1. Slice the bacon, soak it in warm water 15 minutes, wash the bitter gourd and slice it, and cut the red pepper into sections. ?

2. When cooking oil is in the wok, first put shredded ginger, minced garlic and pepper into the wok, stir-fry until fragrant, then add bacon, stir-fry for a while, and then cook wine. At this time, add bitter gourd slices, 30 grams of broth, pepper, salt and monosodium glutamate, stir-fry until there is only a little soup left, and hook some raw flour to serve. ?

Tips The bacon sold in the market is salty, and people with high blood pressure should add salt appropriately. Saute the bacon to make it fragrant, and then add bitter gourd. After the bitter gourd is fried, it needs a little crispness. ?

The second type: stewed bitter gourd with pig's trotters?

Pig's trotters are rich in collagen, easy to digest, nourishing yin and rehydrating. Bitter gourd can clear away heat and cool blood, and has obvious hypoglycemic effect. This dish is nourishing but not greasy, salty and refreshing, suitable for regular consumption. ?

Ingredients: 2 trotters, 300g bitter gourd, 20g ginger, 20g onion, salt and monosodium glutamate. ?

Exercise 1. Blanch pig's trotters and cut into pieces, wash bitter gourd, remove seeds and cut into long strips, and mash ginger and onion. 2. After the oil in the pot is hot, add ginger and onion to stir fry, then add pig's trotters and salt to cook. 3. When the pig's trotters are cooked, add bitter gourd and cook slightly, and season with monosodium glutamate. ?

The third kind: ribs, fish heads and bitter melon soup?

This soup is made of bitter gourd, fish head, soybeans, ribs and pickles, which can make you feel comfortable and not upset. Because bitter gourd can relieve summer heat, it is a good medicine for heatstroke and fever, soybeans have the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying, and big fish heads can benefit the brain and get rid of head wind, so when the temperature is getting higher, you might as well cook this soup more. This soup has soup to drink and soup to eat, but people who are weak are not so suitable and can eat less. ?

Ingredients: fish head 1 piece, 500g bitter gourd, 600g ribs, 50g soybeans and 50g pickles. ?

Exercise 1. Wash the soybeans and soak them in water for several hours, then pour out the water for later use. ?

2. Wash the big fish head, dry it, put a little oil in the wok after it is red, and fry the fish head on both sides until it is slightly yellow. ?

3. Wash bitter gourd, remove seeds and inner membrane, and cut into large pieces. 4. Wash and drain the ribs for later use. 5. Dice pickles, soak in light salt water 10 minute, and wash. ?

6. Pour a proper amount of water into the pot and bring to a boil. Add all the ingredients, simmer for 20 minutes, then simmer for about 2 hours, season with salt, and drink while it is hot. Soup can go with soy sauce. ?

Scrambled eggs with bitter gourd?

Ingredients: 1 bitter gourd, 2 eggs, salt, oil and chicken essence. ?

Exercise 1. Wash bitter gourd, cut off the edge and slice, mix well with a little salt, marinate for about 10 minute, then rinse and drain water, then roll in boiling water until bitter gourd becomes discolored, take it out and rinse it with clear water and drain water for later use; 2. Beat the eggs and add salt; 3. Add a little oil to the red pot and heat it. Add bitter gourd and a little chicken essence and stir-fry until it is hot. Then add eggs and stir-fry until the eggs are just cooked. Serve. ?

Cold beer and bitter gourd?

Ingredients: 500g bitter gourd, 500g beer, garlic, salt, monosodium glutamate, sesame oil and balsamic vinegar. ?

Exercise 1. Wash bitter gourd, remove the head and tail, and cut everything in half with a vertical knife; 2. Pour the beer into the fresh-keeping box, soak the bitter gourd in the beer, wrap it with fresh-keeping paper, put it in the freezer for cold soaking 12 hours, and take out the inclined knife to slice; 3. Mix garlic, salt, monosodium glutamate, sesame oil and balsamic vinegar into garlic juice; 4. Bitter gourd slices are eaten with juice. ?

Chicken bitter gourd pot?

Ingredients: 500g bitter gourd, 200g chicken breast, 50g dried rice, 50g pea seedlings, 5g Jiang Mo, 2g egg 1 piece, 2g salt, 4g soy sauce, 6g yellow wine10g sugar, 3g monosodium glutamate, 2g pepper, 20g dried starch, 200g refined vegetable oil. ?

Exercise 1. First, cut the bitter gourd into 2.5 cm long segments and remove the melon heart; 2. Cut the chicken breast into velvet after tendon removal; 3. Soak dried seaweed in warm water until soft, and then cut into powder; 4. Put the minced chicken, dried seaweed and ginger into a bowl, add eggs, refined salt, yellow wine, monosodium glutamate, dried starch and water and mix well to form stuffing; 5. Sprinkle some dry starch in the bitter gourd, then scrape the chicken paste into the bitter gourd with a scraper, scrape both ends and stick the egg paste; 6. Heat the wok, add oil, add bitter gourd, fry until both ends turn yellow, spray yellow wine, add soy sauce, sugar, monosodium glutamate and chicken soup, bring to a boil, turn to low heat and simmer slowly until crispy melon stuffing is cooked, and change the fire to wet starch to make it smooth; 7. Heat the pot, add a little oil to heat it, add pea seedlings and mix well, pour bitter gourd, pour chicken oil, sprinkle with pepper and cover the table. ?

Pineapple bitter gourd ribs soup?

Ingredients: 500g sparerib, 500g bitter gourd, pineapple 1 can (small can), salt 1 teaspoon. ?

Exercise 1. Wash the spareribs, splash water to remove fishy smell, pick them up and wash them for later use; 2. Wash bitter gourd and cut into pieces; 3. Put the materials of methods 1 and 2 into a boiling pot, add 2~5 bowls of water and pineapple juice, bring to a boil with high fire, and then turn to low heat for 30 minutes. 4. Cut the pineapple into pieces, put it in the boiling pot of practice 3, roll for a few minutes, and season with salt.

Bitter bitter gourd

Ingredients: one and a half kilos of bitter gourd, seven or eight dried red peppers, about 30 peppers, one garlic, a small piece of ginger (about 10g), half a onion, proper amount of monosodium glutamate, two spoonfuls of soy sauce, one spoonful of vinegar, proper amount of sugar, salt and water bean powder.

Exercise 1. Wash bitter gourd, cut it open, remove the pulp and cut it into one-inch long sections; Mix soy sauce, vinegar, sugar, monosodium glutamate and soybean powder into thick juice for later use; Cut the red pepper, garlic, ginger and onion. 2. Put the wok on a big fire, heat the cooked oil to 70% heat, add dried red pepper, pepper, garlic and ginger, stir-fry until brown, pour in bitter gourd, stir-fry with salt for about one minute, add water (if bone soup or broth is better) to submerge bitter gourd for about two fingers, then change the heat to medium heat until bitter gourd rake (at this time, there should be a small amount of soup in the pot), and then pour in the standby sauce.

Bitter gourd with meat?

Materials? Bitter gourd 1? 300 grams of ground meat? 50 grams of carrots? Onion ginger 1? A little parsley; 1 tablespoon soy sauce and starch, a little salt and sesame oil.

Exercise 1? Wash bitter gourd, cut into 2 cm circles, and remove seeds; Peel carrot and ginger, and cut into powder; Wash onion and cut into powder; Put them together in a bowl, add minced meat and seasonings and stir well. Put them in bitter gourd and put them on a plate. 2、? Heat sesame oil in the pot, stir-fry Jiang Mo, add appropriate amount of water to boil, pour it on bitter gourd, put it in a steamer 15 minutes, take it out and sprinkle with coriander powder.

Bitter gourd bass pot?

Materials? Bitter gourd 150g, perch 150g, carrot 25g? . ? Salt, monosodium glutamate, cooking wine, broth, pepper, corn flour, an egg white. ?

Practice? 1. The perch is washed, boned and sliced; Cleaning bitter gourd, removing seeds, and cutting into oblique blades for later use; Wash carrots and cut into large blades for later use; ? The perch slices are sized with raw flour, egg white, salt, cooking wine and monosodium glutamate, and mixed well with a little raw oil. 2. Take the oil pan, put the fish fillets, bitter gourd and carrots in the pan and grease them, then take out and drain the oil. ? Add an appropriate amount of broth to the original pot, season with the above seasoning, add fish fillets, bitter gourd and carrot slices, thicken with water-based flour, pour an appropriate amount of oil, and put it in a hot pot to eat.

Steamed bitter gourd

Raw materials? 1 50g of minced pork, 2 bitter melons (about 300g), 50g of arrowhead, 50g of water mushroom, 50g of carrot, 50g of pea, 50g of Chinese cabbage,1egg, Jiang Shui onion, salt, oyster sauce, white sugar, soy sauce, cooking wine, pepper, fresh soup, etc.

working methods

1. Wash bitter gourd, cut off the head and tail, dig out the pulp in the middle, and pour dry fine starch on the inner wall of bitter gourd.

2. arrowhead, water mushroom, carrot and pea are cut into rice grains, soaked in water in a boiling pot, and drained by a colander. Wash the cabbage for later use.

3. Put minced meat into a pot, add the above raw materials, add salt, pepper, cooking wine, onion Jiang Shui, egg liquid and wet starch, and stir to make stuffing.

4. Brew the meat stuffing into the bitter gourd tube and put it in the plate.

5. Put the soaked bitter gourd into a cage and steam it.

6. Take out the slices cut into 1cm thickness and put them into the tray. After soaking in water, surround the edge with cabbage.

7, salt, oyster sauce, sugar, soy sauce, fresh soup, wet starch, salad oil into the pot to make oyster sauce, drenched with bitter gourd.

[Edit this paragraph] Dietotherapy value

Fruit of bitter gourd, climbing herb of Cucurbitaceae. Also known as brocade litchi, bitter grape, cold melon and bitter gourd. It is cultivated all over China. Take nearly ripe fruit in autumn, break it in half, pulp it, and wash it for later use.

[Attribute] Bitter taste and cold nature. It can clear away heat and relieve summer heat, improve eyesight and detoxify.

[Reference] Contains momordica charantia protein, 5- hydroxytryptamine, glutamine, alanine, proline, α -aminobutyric acid, citrulline, galacturonic acid, pectin and other ingredients.

Bitter gourd juice or bitter gourd glycoside can lower blood sugar.

【 Purpose 】 Used for treating fever, summer heat and polydipsia; Liver heat, red eyes or pain; Dysentery.

[Usage] Decoct soup, wring juice or grind it into powder and eat it as a dish.

【 Caution 】 "Deficiency of spleen and stomach can cause vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain" (southern Yunnan herb), so use it with caution.

[attachment]

1, Bitter Melon Qingre Decoction: Bitter Melon 150g, cut open to remove pulp, slice and decoct in water.

This recipe takes bitter gourd to clear away heat and relieve summer heat, remove annoyance and quench thirst. Used for heat and thirst or fever and thirst.

2. Bitter melon powder: 1 piece of bitter gourd, cut open to remove pulp, dried in the sun, baked and ground into powder. Take 5g each time and take the decoction.

Originated from southern Yunnan materia medica. Bitter gourd can clear away heat and improve eyesight, but it is not too cold, so it is baked. It can be used for treating liver meridian fever, red eyes and eye pain.

3. Bitter gourd juice: Bitter gourd 1 piece, pulp removed, chopped, mashed, and squeezed, with half a cup at a time, washed with boiling water.

This recipe can clear away heat and detoxify bitter gourd. Used for mild symptoms of damp-heat diarrhea or dysentery.