Figure 1- 1 Abdominal anatomy

Figure 1-2 Abdominal segmentation

Figure 1-3 General trend of abdominal organs

Anterior abdominal wall

Fig. 2- 1 Abdominal front wall skin

Figure 2-2 Anterolateral superficial fascia of abdominal wall

Figure 2-3 Anterolateral cutaneous nerve of abdominal wall

Figure 2-4 Superficial veins and lymphatic vessels in anterolateral abdominal wall

Figure 2-5 Muscles and nerves of anterolateral abdominal wall (I)

Figure 2-6 Muscles and nerves of anterolateral abdominal wall (2)

Figure 2-7 Muscles and nerves of anterolateral abdominal wall (3)

Figure 2-8 Rectus abdominis sheath

Figure 2-9 Abdominal transverse fascia and extraperitoneal fat

Figure 2- 10 Arteries of anterolateral abdominal wall (I)

Figure 2- Arteries on the anterolateral abdominal wall (2) 1 1

Figure 2- 12 Deep arteries and nerves in anterolateral abdominal wall

Figure 2- 13 Straight Incision of Abdominal Anterior Side Wall (I)

Fig. 2- 14 straight incision on the front abdominal wall (2)

Figure 2- 15 Oblique Incision of Abdominal Front Side Wall (I)

Figure 2- 16 Oblique Incision of Abdominal Front Side Wall (2)

Figure 2- 17 Oblique Incision of Abdominal Front Side Wall (3)

Figure 2- 18 Transverse Incision of Abdominal Front Side Wall (I)

Figure 2- 19 Transverse Incision of Abdominal Front Side Wall (II)

Figure 2-20 Combined thoracoabdominal incision (1)

Figure 2-2 1 thoracoabdominal incision (2)

Figure 2-22 Inguinal region (1)

Figure 2-23 Inguinal region (2)

Figure 2-24 Inguinal region (3)

Figure 2-25 Inguinal region (4)

Figure 2-26 Inguinal region (V)

Figure 2-27 Inguinal canal (1)

Figure 2-28 Inguinal canal (2)

Figure 2-29 Femoral sheath and femoral canal

Figure 2-30 Abdominal hernia in inguinal region

Fig. 2-3 1 Anatomical relationship of indirect inguinal hernia

Figure 2-32 Anatomical relationship of direct inguinal hernia

Figure 2-33 Anatomical relationship of femoral hernia

Figure 2-34 Umbilical Cord

Figure 2-35 Anatomical relationship between umbilical hernia and omphalocele

Fig. 2-36 yolk duct of residual disease

Figure 2-37 Urachal atresia

midriff

Figure 3-Below the diaphragm of1

Figure 3-2 Diaphragmatic esophageal ligament

Figure 3-3 Diaphragmatic vessels

Figure 3-4 Diaphragmatic Lymph Nodes

Figure 3-5 Diaphragmatic nerve

Figure 3-6 Diaphragmatic Hernia

Peritoneum and peritoneal cavity

Figure 4- 1 Peritoneal events (1)

Figure 4-2 The appearance of peritoneum (2)

Figure 4-3 The appearance of peritoneum (3)

Figure 4-4 Peritoneal Cover (I)

Figure 4-5 Peritoneal Cover (2)

Figure 4-6 lesser omentum and greater omentum

Figure 4-7 Arteries of greater omentum (I)

Figure 4-8 Arteries of greater omentum (2)

Figure 4-9 Peritoneal recess

Fig. 4- 10 Peritoneal coverage under diaphragm and abdominal wall

Fig. 4- 1 1 Division of peritoneal cavity and peritoneal space

Fig. 4- 12 upper colon peritoneal space

stomach

Fig. 5- 1 gastric morphology

Figure 5-2 Classification of Stomach

Figure 5-3 The position and adjacency of the stomach

Figure 5-4 Structure of Gastric Wall

Figure 5-5 Arteries of the stomach

Figure 5-6 Initial position of posterior gastric artery

Figure 5-7 Veins in the stomach

Figure 5-8 Retrogastric Venous Reflux

Figure 5-9 Lymph in the stomach

Fig. 5- 10 nerves of stomach

duodenum

Fig. 6- 1 Morphology, location and adjacent relationship of duodenum (I)

Figure 6-2 Morphology, Location and Adjacency of Duodenum (II)

Figure 6-3 Morphology, Location and Adjacency of Duodenum (III)

Figure 6-4 Morphology, Location and Adjacency of Duodenum (IV)

Fig. 6-5 Adjacent relationship between horizontal duodenum and superior mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta.

Figure 6-6 Duodenal Suspension Muscle (I)

Figure 6-7 Duodenal Suspension Muscle (2)

Figure 6-8 Mr. Duodenal Occlusion

Figure 6-9 Duodenal diverticulum

Fig. 6- 10 duodenal artery (1)

Fig. 6- 1 1 duodenal artery (2)

Fig. 6- 12 duodenal vein

pancreas

Fig. 7- 1 Morphology of pancreas

Figure 7-2 Location and Adjacent of Pancreas

Fig. 7-3 Pancreatic duct (1)

Figure 7-4 Pancreatic duct (2)

Figure 7-5 Arteries of Pancreas (1)

Figure 7-6 Pancreatic Artery (2)

Figure 7-7 Pancreatic Artery (3)

Figure 7-8 Pancreatic Vein

Figure 7-9 Lymph of pancreas

Fig. 7- 10 pancreatic nerve

spleen

Fig. 8- 1 spleen morphology

Figure 8-2 Location of Spleen

Figure 8-3 Spleen Ligament

Fig. 8-4 Splenic artery (1)

Figure 8-5 Splenic Artery (2)

Figure 8-6 Splenic Vein

Figure 8-7 Spleen segment

Figure 8-8 Accessory Spleen

liver

Fig. 9- 1 location of liver

Figure 9-2 Morphology of Liver (1)

Figure 9-3 Morphology of Liver (2)

Figure 9-4 Lobation and Segmentation of Liver

Figure 9-5 Intrahepatic Bile Duct

Figure 9-6 Branching and distribution of intrahepatic portal vein

Fig. 9-7 Branches and distribution of intrahepatic proper hepatic artery

Figure 9-8 Branches of Intrahepatic Hepatic Vein

Figure 9-9 Hepatic artery-abnormal hepatic artery

Fig. 9- 10 variation of hepatic artery origin-right hepatic artery and accessory hepatic artery

Fig. 9- 1 1 variation of hepatic artery origin-left hepatic artery and accessory hepatic artery

Fig. 9- 12 variation of starting point of hepatic artery-middle hepatic artery

Fig. 9- 13 lymph and nerve of liver

extrahepatic biliary passages

Figure 10- 1 Extrahepatic Biliary System (I)

Figure 10-2 Extrahepatic Biliary System (2)

Figure 10-3 Common bile duct

Figure 10-4 Extrahepatic Biliary Duct Variation

Figure 10-5 Blood supply of gallbladder

Figure 10-6 blood supply of hepatic duct and common bile duct

Figure 10-7 gallbladder triangle

hepatic portal vein

Fig. 1 1- 1 Composition and branches of hepatic portal vein

Fig. 1 1-2 confluence types of hepatic portal vein and splenic vein.

Figure 1 1-3 Hepatic portal vein system anastomoses with vena cava system.

Fig. 1 1-4 anatomical basis of portal vein anastomosis.

Fig. 1 1-5 anatomical basis of splenic and renal vein anastomosis.

Fig. 1 1-6 anatomical basis of anastomosis between superior mesenteric vein and inferior vena cava.

Jejunum and ileum

Fig. 12- 1 division of small intestine and morphology of empty ileum.

Fig. 12-2 mesentery

Figure 12-3 Arteries and veins of the ileum

Figure 12-4 Lymph in Empty Ileum

large intestine

Figure 13- 1 division of large intestine

Figure 13-2 General morphology of large intestine and folds and recesses of ileocecum.

Figure 13-3 Morphological types and cavity surface structure of cecum

Figure 13-4 Location of Appendix

Figure 13-5 Adjacency and body surface projection of female appendix

Figure 13-6 Abnormal appendix

Figure 13-7 Arterial supply of cecum and appendix

Fig. 13-8 veins and lymph of cecum and appendix

Figure 13-9 blood supply of the colon and transverse colon

Fig. 13- 10 l colon and transverse colon artery variation

Fig. 13- 1 1 blood supply of descending colon and S-shaped colon

Fig. 13- 12 arterial variation of descending colon and S-type colon

Figure 13- 13 Long and short arteries supplying colon

Fig. 13- 14 colonic lymph

Fig. 13- 15 colon innervation

Figure 13- 16 Arteries involved in different colectomy

Abdominal posterior wall

Fig. 14- 1 muscles of the posterior abdominal wall and superficial layers of blood vessels and nerves.

Fig. 14- 2 muscles, blood vessels and nerves of the posterior abdominal wall.

Fig. 14-3 muscles, blood vessels and nerves of the posterior abdominal wall.

Figure 14-4 Level from the posterior abdominal muscle to the posterior part of the kidney

Retroperitoneal space

Fig. 15- 1 blood vessels in retroperitoneal space

Fig. 15-2 variation of inferior vena cava

Figure 15-3 retroperitoneal lymph nodes

Figure 15-4 chylothorax and the confluence of left and right lumbar trunk and intestinal trunk.

Figure 15-5 retroperitoneal space nerve (1)

Fig. 15-6 nerves in retroperitoneal space (2)

Kidney, adrenal gland and ureter

Figure 16- 1 Morphology and position of kidney and adrenal gland and body surface projection of kidney.

Figure 16-2 Adjacency of Kidney and Adrenal Front (I)

Figure 16-3 Anterior kidney and paraadrenal gland (2)

Figure 16- 4 Near the back of kidney

Figure 16-5 Structure and Pedicle of Kidney

Fig. 16-6 renal capsule

Figure 16-7 Arteries and renal segments of the kidney

Fig. 16-8 accessory renal artery

Fig. 16-9 renal vein (1)

Fig. 16- 10 renal vein (2) and renal lymph.

Fig. 16- 1 1 adrenal artery, vein and lymph

Fig. 16- 12 ureter abdomen and its blood vessels, lymph and nerves.

Figure 16- 13 Congenital anomalies of kidney and ureter (1)

Figure 16- 14 Congenital anomalies of kidney and ureter (2)

Figure 16 15 Different methods of renal surgery.

Sectional anatomy of abdomen (cross section)

Figure 17- 1 Abdominal Cross Section (I)

Figure 17-2 Abdominal Cross Section (II)

Figure 17-3 Abdominal Cross Section (III)

Figure 17- 4 Abdominal Cross Section (IV)

Figure 17-5 Abdominal Cross Section (V)

Main references