In the long history, Wumeng has changed from a person's name to a department number, a place name and a mountain name, which is the development and change history of Yi society.
It marks the different stages of the historical development of the Yi people and the social forms in different periods.
First, the name of "Wumeng"
Wumeng is the 11th grandson of Atong who moved to Doudidian in Tang Dynasty. It was first seen in the book Unified Records of Daming written in the fifth year of Tianshun in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 146 1).
Cao Xue in the late Ming Dynasty and Yun Yun Zhuan in the early years of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty have similar records, indicating that the word "Wumeng", which is still widely used today, was originally a name.
The theory that Wumeng originated from a person's name has never been controversial, but there are different opinions about the life time of Wumeng.
This is because the historical calendar years of Yi people can be checked correctly and can only be calculated by the father-son name system.
However, historians regard how many years as a generation, or 25 years as a generation, or 28 years as a generation, or 30 years as a generation, which is not unified.
The calculated results vary greatly in years.
According to the relevant data in An Shi Pu and Guizhou Dading County Records, the author estimates that the joint name of Yi father and son can only be between 18 and 20 years in each generation.
If each generation is calculated in 20 years, it will take 440 years from the birth of Jianxing in the third year (AD 225), to assist Ji Huo in the southern expedition of Wu Hou, and to the 22nd generation of Sun Atong. The year of 225 is AD 665, which is about the early years of the Tang Dynasty, which is in line with the statement that Atong in the Tang Dynasty "moved to the Emperor's Hall".
In addition, it was about 885 AD, that is, the late Tang Dynasty.
At that time, the Tang Dynasty had long been unable to control the area under the former cuan clan, and the development of Wumeng was no longer interfered by the state affairs and the "big name" in the south, so it was able to expand its territory and dominate the whole country.
The name "Wumeng" has been circulated in history since then.
The name "Wumeng" is also common in Yi and Chinese historical materials.
For example, "History of the Yuan Dynasty and Geography" contains: "The state governs Minadian, and there is no city in ancient times, and Wumeng lives in it"; "The History of Song Dynasty, Biography of Various Foreigners in Lizhou" contains: "Wumeng Yi is thousands of miles southeast of Lizhou"; Wu Heng's A Brief History of the Yi People contains: "... Amon immediately" Amon "("Wumeng ")".
The "Wumeng" period is the predecessor of the formation of the Yi people today, and it is also the period when the ancestors of the Yi people began to settle down from nomadism.
Second, the department number "Wumeng"
Wumeng established Wumeng Department.
According to the historical records of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, other Mangbu and Wusa "flourished later because of their ancestral names."
"When is mans department prosperous, because the ancestral name is unknown, and there is no record in history books.
According to Geographical Records of Yuan Dynasty and Frontier Records of Guangzhong, Sichuan, Wusa became powerful after Wu Dynasty, so it was named after its ancestor Wusa.
A Tong, Mumbu, Usa and others are descendants of Uman Zhongmou (Russian-worshipping Sect), and they are all from the Tang Dynasty.
Among them, A Tong moved to Doudidian (now Zhaoyang District) and Wusha Jubadian (Weining), both of which entered these areas successively in the Tang Dynasty and followed cuan clan's demise.
Only Mambu, A Tong's son, lives in Daxiong Hall (Zhenxiong).
When Wuman Zhongmou established a tribal kingdom with his descendants, it was not only Wumeng, Mangbu, Dongchuan and Wusha that separated one side, but also after Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty and before Nanzhao perished two years later (AD 902).
In fact, the establishment of all departments in East Manchuria and Five Manchuria is like this. According to Schumann's records, in the tenth year of Zhenyuan (AD 794), Yuan Zi sent an envoy to Nanzhao, passing through the land of eastern Manchu, and there was no such name as "Wumeng" in the Seven Classics of Wuman.
In the second year of Tianfu at the end of Jin Dynasty (AD 937), Duan Siping rose to the east of Yunnan, and was supported by "Wuman 37 Departments", including Wumeng, Wusa, Mangbu and Luanpan.
It is proved that this hundred years is the period when the descendants of Dongcong Wuman Zhongmou established the slave kingdom in the border area of Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi.
The Monument of Thirty-seven Congmeng unearthed by Duan and Qujing in Dali Prefecture records the Covenant relationship between the thirty-seven Congmeng and Dali Prefecture.
In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Wumeng, Wusha, Mangbu and other ministries developed westward to the south of Sichuan. It was not until the seventh year of Song Xining (AD 1074) that it was attacked by the Song Dynasty that it retreated to the Yunnan-Guizhou border.
It was at this time that Ayun was named King of Wumeng in the Song Dynasty.
"Shu Scenic Spots" said: "Junlian County is Handingchuan County, and the Tang Dynasty is Junlian House.
It is located in Mangbu, Nantong, and borders Wumeng in the west.
"It is pointed out that Yidushan, Pu 'er Town, Jinxian County, was indeed the seat of King Wumeng in that year.
The "Wumeng" period was a period of slavery in ancient Yi society.
Its heyday was in the Song Dynasty.
The Yi book Southwest says, "Those who keep catching cattails always use cattails", and "There are tens of thousands of people who have been razed by Yi people for a long time.
"Mainly refers to this historical period.
Third, the place name "Wumeng"
As a place name, Wumeng is first of all the name of the administrative organization. In the Yuan Dynasty, after Yuan Shizu went to Yunnan for a political competition in Pingzhang, he changed the original military management organizations such as thousands of households, thousands of households and hundreds of households into administrative organizations such as roads, prefectures and counties.
That year, Mangbu Road was fixed, with Wusha Department attached.
In October of 13th year, Yuan Army attacked Wumeng, brought Wumeng back to Junlian County, Sichuan Province, and opened Wumeng Road.
That year, Wumeng Road and Wusha Road were established.
In twenty-one years, he set up Fu Xuanshi in Wusha Wumeng, and in twenty-four years, he was promoted to Xuanwei Division in Wusha Wumeng, commanding Wusha, Wumeng, Dongchuan and Mangbu.
However, the location of each road is unknown today.
Yunnan dictionary says: Wumeng Lu Zhi is in Zhaotong City (now Zhaoyang District).
He also said: Wusa Wumeng Xuanwei is in Wusa Road (now Weining, Guizhou).
According to the history of the Yuan Dynasty, it is impossible to build a propaganda department in Weining, which is not the center of the Fourth Road.
Wumeng Road Management Office can't be Zhaoyang District at first.
Because this is not the center of the Wumeng Department in the Song Dynasty, but the junction where Uza and Wumeng compete from time to time.
"History of Yuan Dynasty" records: "In September of 22, Wu Meng rebelled and ordered Sichuan Institute to answer the soldiers quickly. You Zuo, the general manager of Mahu, with the assistance of 300 barbarians, sent more than 100 families including Chief Xiyanmen.
Then he said, "In October, Wumeng barbarians accused Amon of rebellion and called Luo Bidian soldiers to discuss with Yunnan Province.
"The above names of wars are not in the territory of Zhaoyang District today, so it is inferred that Wumeng Road Administration should be in the former site of Wumeng Department in Pu 'er, Yanjin.
As stated in Chen Xude and Lu Changmei's "On Yuan Dynasty's Policy towards Wumeng and Urban and Rural Construction", Wusha Wumeng Xuanwei Department, Wusha Wumeng Marshal Department and Wumeng Station Manager Wan Hu Department are all located in Tiantai Tucheng, Zhaoyang District, Zhaotong City.
The Wumeng symbols in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were used and destroyed in the eighth year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1730). Today, you can still see the remains of the ruins.
As a road, Wumeng began to give the mission of place names and gradually evolved into place names.
It was not until the fifteenth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1382) that Wumeng Road was used as a place name to locate Wumeng House, and Wumeng became a geographical concept.
Therefore, in the ninth year of Yongzheng (A.D. 173 1), E Ertai asked the emperor to give him the name "Zhaotong" and changed Wumeng House to Zhaotong House, saying that "the dark one is easy to see, and the blind one is easy to communicate".
The "Wumeng" period of place names is a transitional period in which the feudal chieftain system promoted the Yi people's slavery to the feudal lords system, and it is also a period in which the Yi people fully accepted the Chinese culture and the economic development of agriculture and animal husbandry.
Fourth, the mountain name "Wumeng"
When Wumeng evolved into a mountain name is not recorded.
But it is a place name after Wumeng.
"Wumeng Mountain" is not only an isolated mountain name, but also a mountain range on Wumeng land.
Mount Wumeng has always been a general term in people's minds, and it does not refer to any mountain range or peak.
Wumeng Mountain on the map is now located between Weixin County, Zhaoyang District, Huize County and Xuanwei City of Yunnan Province and Panxian Special Zone, Liupanshui City and Bijie City of Guizhou Province from northeast to southwest.
This area is just the core of Wuman settlement and the birthplace of the ancestors of Yi Tusi in Ming Dynasty, such as Wumeng, Wusha, Mangbu, Dongchuan, Yongning, Shuixi, Pu 'an, Puding and Puri.
Wu Guangfan's Origin of Yunnan Geographical Names said: "There is more than one mountain called Wumeng in Yunnan.
As far as mountains are concerned, there is Wumeng Mountain in the northeast of Yunnan and the west of Guizhou, which starts from Zhenxiong and Yiliang in the north and runs through Weining, Guizhou, and reaches Xuanwei in the south, that is, Wumeng Mountain mentioned in Ci Hai, located in the northeast of Yunnan and the west of Guizhou.
Northeast-southwest trend.
It is about 2300 meters above sea level.
There is also Wumeng Mountain, also known as Snow Mountain, at the Jinsha River in the northern boundary of Xundian County, that is,' it is 280 miles northeast of Luquan House in Wuding Prefecture, connected with Dongchuan House in Sichuan Province, also known as Wumeng Mountain, also known as Yunlong Mountain, also known as Jiangyunshan Mountain, also known as Snow Mountain, and borders Jinsha River in the north. There are twelve peaks on it, which are very steep and hover for more than 70 miles.
The Central Red Army and the Second and Sixth Army Corps visited Xundian in late April of 1935 and early April of 1936. The Wumeng Mountain referred to in Chairman Mao's poems is probably the Wumeng Mountain north of Xundian and Luquan.
In addition, Yunnan Dictionary explains: "Wumeng Mountain, in the northeast of Yunnan, crosses the edge of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and moves northeast-southwest, which is the watershed between Jinsha River and South-North Panjiang River.
It consists of three mountains: Xili Mountain is 2 100 meters above sea level, and Guniuzhai, the main peak, is 40 16 meters above sea level; In mountainous areas above 2000 meters above sea level; Donglie Mountain is less than 2000 meters.
The mountainous area is composed of Paleozoic limestone with developed karst landforms.
Rich in minerals and animals and plants.
In contrast, Yunnan Dictionary is the most detailed.
The mountain name "Wumeng" has given "Wumeng" eternal support.
Since then, due to the change of social situation, Weasion Wei has always stood between heaven and earth, experienced endless spring, summer, autumn and winter, and never changed its majestic momentum.