Population density: 1 person/km2
Zhongba County is located in the southwest of Xizang Autonomous Region, west of Shigatse, between the western Himalayas and Gangdise Mountain. The total area is 43,594 square kilometers. The total population is 20,000 (2003).
County People's Government is located in Rang Township *, zip code: 858800. Administrative division code: 542333. Area code: 0892. Pinyin: Zhong Ba Xian.
Zhongba County is located at 82-84.76 east longitude and 29. 15-3 1.8 north latitude. Located in the southwest border of the motherland, at the westernmost end of Shigatse region, at the northern foot of the Himalayas, on both sides of the Ma Quan River, bordering Aripulan County, Geji County and Gaize County in Ali region in the west. The Yarlung Zangbo River originated from the Gemayengzong Glacier in Zhongba County and is now listed as a national ecological function protection zone.
The economy of Zhongba county is mainly animal husbandry, raising sheep, goats, yaks and horses.
More than 60 species of animals have been found in Yajiangyuan area, including early Himalayan otter, gray-tailed rabbit, wild yak, Tibetan wild donkey, Tibetan fox, Tibetan antelope, red-necked duck, black-necked crane, striped goose, scaleless fish and schizothorax fish growing in rivers, accounting for more than 90% of the world's species, and other rare animals in the world.
At present, there are county bookstores, film management stations, cinemas, posts and telecommunications, commerce and foreign trade, finance, radio and television, education, science and technology, medical and health departments. The first primary school was founded in 1964, and there are three primary schools so far. Scientific and technical personnel 140 people, mainly animal husbandry and animal epidemic prevention personnel. * * * Health institutions 13. Television ground satellite receiving stations can cover county residents.
physical geography
Zhongba County is 294 kilometers long from north to south and 254 kilometers wide from east to west. The total land area is 45,900 square kilometers; About 1/4 of the total area of Shigatse. The resident of the county is 4772 meters above sea level, and the average elevation in the territory is above 5000 meters.
The terrain in the territory is complex and diverse, including the peaks of Gangdise Mountain, the majestic source of Yajiangyuan and the rich grasslands in the north and south.
There are Himalayas, Gangdise Mountain, Long Geer and so on. In Zhongba County, the mountains rise and fall.
The Himalayas
On the southern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, it is a growing international mountain range. Located in the south of the Yarlung Zangbo River-Indus River, China is adjacent to Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan. It starts from Nangapapa Peak in Kashmir in the west and ends at Nangabawa Peak in the bend of Yarlung Zangbo River in the east, with a length of about 2,400 kilometers and a width of about 200-300 kilometers. It consists of four parallel east-west mountain ranges, from north to south: the southern Tibetan watershed, the Great Himalayas, the Little Himalayas and the Western Walik Mountains. In China, it is generally called the Great Himalayas. The average elevation of the main ridge is over 7000m, and there are 10 peaks over 8000m.
Gandise mountains
Gangdise Mountain, which means "the source of many waters" in Tibetan, is also called "Gangdise Sri" and "Apu Mountain" in Chinese. In the southwest of Xizang Autonomous Region, it is located in Pulan, Ali, Zhongba, Angren and Nanmulin counties in Shigatse. It is connected to Nyainqentanglha Mountain in the east, Himalayas in the south and Kunlun Mountain in the north, with an average elevation of about 6000 meters. It is a watershed between interior drainage and the Indian Ocean. The Gangdise Mountain is also called "Kaylas", which means "Snow Mountain". Since ancient times, it has been a sacred place for people to worship, pilgrimage and travel in Central Asia and Southeast Asia.
There are many rivers and lakes in Zhongba County. The main rivers in China are Chaiqu, Jianggong Zangbo, Dangque Zangbo (the middle dam is called Ma Quan River), Laiwu Zangbo, Biduo Zangbo and Jiangqu Zangbo. There are Angla Rencuo, Palong Cuo, Taruo Cuo, Li Sen Cuo and Maiqiong Cuo in the lakes. The famous water system in the upper reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River originated from Gemayang Glacier in Zhongba County.
Yarlung Zangbo River
The Yarlung Zangbo River is the largest river in Tibet and the highest river in the world, and is known as the "Polar Tianhe". It originated from the total ice stream of Jabbar Yang at an altitude of 5,590 meters at the northern foot of the Himalayas.
Rebujie co
Also known as "Hot Shoulder Lake" and "Tamulong Lake", it means "Jisheng Lake". It is located in the northwest of the county seat of Zhongba County in Shigatse area. It is 493 1 m above sea level and covers an area of 9 square kilometers. This is a freshwater lake, surrounded by natural pastures.
Dabarongqu
Also known as "Da Wa Long Qu" and "Da Ba Tea Qu", it means "Mud Valley River". It is located in the east of the county seat of Zhongba County in Shigatse area. Hanoi produces naked carp and naked fish. There are good natural pastures in the basin, where yaks, cows and Tibetan sheep are grazing.
Chaiqu
Also known as "Moqu" and "Zhaqu", also known as "Moqu Zangbu" and "Chaihe", meaning "Yanhe" or "Jianshui River". It is located in the northwest of the county seat of Zhongba County in Shigatse area. Brahmaputra communication. Naked fish are produced in Hanoi. There are natural pastures on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, grazing yaks, cows and Tibetan sheep.
Zhongba County belongs to the semi-arid climate zone in the plateau sub-cold zone. The climate is dry, cold, windy, dusty and sunny. The annual temperature difference is large and the frost-free period is short. The annual average temperature does not exceed 20℃, the minimum temperature is -40℃, the annual sunshine hours are more than 3,000 hours, the annual frost-free period is about 1 10 days, and the annual precipitation is 280mm.
Due to the special geographical environment, natural disasters are frequent in China, such as drought, sandstorm, snow disaster, rat damage and so on.
On August 25th, 2008, at 2 1 22, an earthquake of magnitude 6.8 occurred in Zhongba County, Xigaze Prefecture, Tibet. In more than an hour, four aftershocks of magnitude 4 or above occurred again.
Local customs and practices
The Tibetan calendar year is a traditional festival of the Tibetan people, and it is also the most grand festival. Shigatse has celebrated the "Year of Farmers" in Tibetan calendar 65438+February 1 and Tibetan calendar 65438+1 October1.
The Lunar New Year began on February 29th, 65438 in Tibetan calendar. According to the custom, an "ancient tea" activity will be held, that is, the inside and outside of the courtyard will be thoroughly cleaned, new card mats will be placed in the house, and New Year pictures will be posted. On this day, people will pay special attention to cleaning and decorating the kitchen where the legendary water god and kitchen god live. All kinds of electrical appliances in the room were washed clean and placed neatly. Eight auspicious emblems are painted on the wall with flour, indicating that life and food are rich and filled with a peaceful holiday atmosphere. In the evening, an exorcism ceremony will be held first, and then the whole family will get together to eat "ancient soil" (ancient nine, soil is noodle soup, made of dough bumps, mutton, radish, milk residue, ginseng fruit and other materials). According to the rules, housewives are paid nine times more each. In order to increase the fun, people also put pepper, white stone, charcoal, white wool and so on. Put it in the dough, make the dough into the shape of the sun, the moon, the three treasures of Buddhism and the crooked neck to see who can eat these things. Eating Chili indicates that this person is sharp, white indicates that he is kind-hearted, charcoal indicates that he is black-hearted, eating white wool indicates that he is gentle, the three treasures of the sun, the moon and the Buddha indicate aboveboard, and crooked neck indicates laziness. When you eat these things, you should spit them out impromptu, which will lead to laughter and happiness.
On New Year's Eve, the Buddhist temple was newly decorated. The grain barrel (Zhuosuo chariots and horses) is filled with food such as Ciba, wheat grains, ginseng fruit, etc., and the ears of wheat are inserted. In front of the Buddhist temple, a sheep's head (Lu Gu) with a colorful butter sculpture is enshrined, indicating good luck. According to the economic conditions of each family, various foods are placed in front of the Buddhist temple.
At three or four o'clock in the morning on the first day, I want to drink highland barley and cook wine. Housewives will mix highland barley wine, rice cake, milk residue and ginseng fruit. And send it to everyone to drink before going to bed. On this day, the woman who carried water got up early and thought it was lucky to take well water. In the morning, the whole family will get together and present "Zhuosuo Chema" to congratulate each other on the New Year, and eat Tibetan food such as sheep's head, stuffed sheep intestines, air-dried mutton, fried meat pies and porridge. In recent years, some city residents have also put on cooking and good wine in fashion to enrich the dining table and adjust the taste. Generally, we don't go out, work or clean on this day. Don't break things, play as soon as possible and enjoy yourself. On this day, if a "Zhega" (rapper) comes to rap, he must enjoy the wine and think it is auspicious.
Since the second day of junior high school, relatives and friends have visited each other. People are beaming, and the first words when they meet are "Tashildler" (good luck) and "Loosaar Sang" (Happy New Year). Guests should first respect "chariots and horses" when entering the house, then butter tea, sweet tea and highland barley wine. After that, you can play Tibetan cards, jump rope and so on. In some villages, young men and women sing duet and dance "exchange". From the third day, they held horse racing, archery and Tibetan opera.
General situation of economy
Since the reform and opening-up, Zhongba County has entered a new period with economic construction as the center, especially after the fourth Central Tibet Work Forum, the economy and society have entered a new stage of rapid and healthy development. In 2002, the county's GDP reached 93.24 million yuan, and the per capita income of herders reached 2,300 yuan. At the end of the year, there were 738,000 livestock (only 1 head).
The county's investment in fixed assets reached 38.5 million yuan, and infrastructure construction such as transportation and energy started. Education, culture, science and technology, health and other social undertakings have been developed. At present, there are all kinds of schools 1 1, including 3 complete primary schools, 5 teaching points, hope primary schools 1, mobile tent primary schools 1, and middle schools with hats 1. There are 55 teachers, 2430 school-age children and 737 school-age students/kloc-0. Telephone user 3 19. There are 2 hospitals and 8 cooperative medical points in the county, and people's access to primary medical services has been comprehensively expanded. Some towns and villages have installed TV receiving stations, and the project of "connecting every village" is being fully implemented. The aid to Tibet started well and the aid to Tibet is progressing smoothly. At present, Zhongba County is moving towards the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.
After careful study and scientific demonstration, Baxian county put forward grassland animal husbandry, mining, tourism and border trade economy as four dominant industries. Among them, grassland animal husbandry and border trade economy are the two practical advantages of the county: the county can use grassland area of 49 million mu, and the theoretical feeding capacity of livestock can reach 2 million (1 horse), and the actual feeding capacity now reaches more than 6.5438+0 million (1 horse). At the end of recent years, there are more than 700,000 livestock (one horse), and animal husbandry is a pillar industry and characteristic economy in Zhongba County. There are five traditional and active border trade markets in Zhongba County and the Kingdom of Nepal, and the number of live animals sold each year is more than 654.38+10,000. In addition, building materials and department stores are also sold, with a total transaction volume of more than 40 million yuan. Mining and tourism are two potential advantages of Zhongba County. The mineral resources preliminarily proved mainly include lithium, borax, placer gold, chromite and so on. High grade, rich raw salt resources and great development potential; 2 19 national highway runs across the county for more than 400 kilometers, which is the only way to the famous Alishan and the holy lake. Zhongba County also has tourism resources such as Yajiangyuan Nature Reserve, Rong Da Hot Springs and natural caves.
administrative division
Zhongba County governs 1 town, 12 township: Payang town; Guoqiong Township, Zhadong Township, Yare Township, Buduo Township, Pianji Township, Najiu Township, Jila Township, Hoerba Township, Ji Ma Township, Renduo Township, Longgeer Township and Pama Township. * * * There are 59 village committees.
The development of history
Zhongba means "the land of bison" in Tibetan.
Zhongba, 195 1 years ago, was called Zhuzhu Sect and belonged to Aarika Ben. Zhongba County was established in 1960 and is under the jurisdiction of Ali institutions. 1September, 962, Zhongba County was placed under the jurisdiction of Shigatse institution. When the county was established, the organs were stationed at the post for a long time, and moved to Zhadong in March 1964. Due to the serious local sand damage, 1986, with the approval of the State Council, it was decided to move the county site from Zhadong to Guana gutang at the intersection of Maquan River and Chaihe River, 20 kilometers west of Zhadong. 1On August 27th, 990, with the approval of the State Council, the county was removed to Tuoji. The county government is now stationed in Rang Township.
Zhongba County has jurisdiction over 3 districts, 13 townships (Rang Township, Yare Township, Guoqiong Township, Buduo Township, Payang Township, Pianji Township, Najiu Township, Hoerba Township, Jila Township, Longga Township, Ji Ma Township, Pama Township and Renduo Township) and 59 village committees.
In 2000, Zhongba County administered 1 town and 12 township. The total population is 17860 (according to the data of the fifth census). Township population: Payang Town 185 1, Guoqiong Town 1225, Rang Town 1342, Yare Town 1094, Buduo Town 45 1, and Pianji Town/kloc. There are 0/085 people in Hoerba Township, 0/493 people in Ji Ma Township, 25 people in Longar Township, 0/867 people in Pajiang Township and 0/676 people in Renduo Township.
In June 2020, Zhongba County was included in the second batch of counties (Tibetan areas) for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics.
In August of 20 19, the list of comprehensive demonstration counties of rural e-commerce in 20 19 was released, and Zhongba county was on the list.
On March 5, 20 19, Zhongba county was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 18.