Hunting dog training Our hunters have rich experience in training hunting dogs. To sum up, there are basic training principles, puppy primary training and hunting training. Here are the main points: 1. Basic principles of hound training: Before introducing the primary training and hunting training of puppies in detail, let's talk about the general principles that must be followed in training hounds. (1) The importance of training; The hunting skills of hounds are partly inherited and partly cultivated by strict training since childhood. A qualified hound often comes from the hard work of hunters. Without strict, continuous and timely training, no matter how good the dog's innate breed is, it will not become a good hound. Therefore, hound training is very important. (2) Specialized training: The training of hounds must start from the age of puppies and be taken care of by specialized people. It is not allowed to change the owner of the dog halfway. If you change the dog coach halfway, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory success. What's more, you can't keep him for two days, which will distract the puppy and seriously affect the improvement of hunting skills. If you treat puppies as playthings, they will only be playful dogs when they grow up. (3) Training items and training time; A good hound must have three hunting skills: searching, chasing and picking. Therefore, tracking and searching, chasing and picking up prey are the key points of training. The purpose of training is to form a strong hunting conditioned reflex in the puppy's mind and learn these three hunting skills in order to complete the hunting task entrusted to it by the hunter in the future. The six, seven and eight months after the puppy is born is the fastest period of its advanced nerve development, and it is also the golden period of coaching the puppy's hunting action. At this time, the puppies must be trained strictly and systematically to make them have good hunting conditions. A year later,; The development of hounds has been completed, and the quality of hounds has been finalized, so it is difficult to retrain. (4) Training places; Puppy primary training can be carried out in the hunter's living area, such as a wide courtyard, a rural threshing floor and a school park outside the village. However, puppy hunting action training must be carried out in a real mountain hunting ground. Through hunting field training, the hunting skills of hounds are fully developed, and puppies are guided to learn to search, chase, attack and pick up prey, so as to overcome activities that do not meet hunting requirements. The more times a puppy takes part in real hunting training, the better its hunting skills will be. Therefore, hunters should often lead puppies to train and hunt. (5) Basic methods; The basic method of training hounds is encouragement and coercion. Encourage its hunting activities and forcibly correct its activities that do not meet the hunting requirements. So we should talk about the combination of encouragement and coercion as the basic method of training hounds. Incentives include temptation. When the puppy completes an action, the hunter should give the meat encouragement in time. The dog was too timid to go into the water, so the hunter dragged the dog into the water. Hunters must be gentle when training puppies by encouraging or forcing, and can't kick at will. When the dog's activities do not meet the hunting requirements, the hunter should stubbornly and repeatedly correct its wrong actions, patiently teach it the predetermined hunting actions, and never indulge or indulge, otherwise it will leave bad problems for the hound and affect the future hunting. (6) Don't exceed the requirements of hounds: hounds only have a certain primary ability to accumulate experience and control their own behavior. It is wrong to compare these behaviors of hounds with people's thoughts and behaviors. Therefore, we can't make unrealistic demands on hounds. 2. Puppy primary training: The period from two months to six months after the puppy is born is the period of puppy primary training. Puppy primary training includes: (1) training to obey the master's orders; The primary training of hounds begins at the age of two months. During this period, the puppy's brain began to develop. Through training, the developing nerves of the puppy form the conditioned reflex needed for hunting. The period of June, July, August and 30 months is the fastest period for the development of senior nerves in puppies, and it is also the best training period. Ten months later, the development of hounds has matured and their hunting performance has been finalized, so it is difficult to retrain. Therefore, the puppy should be weaned within two months, brought back to feed alone, and given a simple and loud name, such as "Xiao Huang", "Husai" and "Xiaohei", which the hunter can call at any time, so that the developing brain and nerves of the puppy can firmly remember their names. Every time "feeding", the hunter should call the puppy's name, so that the puppy can form a good habit of obeying orders and coming at once. Whistling often is also very important, which can make the puppy develop a conditioned reflex and come when he hears the owner's whistle, which is very important for hunting in the mountains in the future. When puppies learn some simple movements, they should gradually increase the training distance and gradually replace food temptation with encouragement by touching or patting their heads. The orders given by hunters must be simple and accurate, such as "going" and "coming back" ... It takes repeated training and regular training to form a firm conditioned reflex. When the puppy is five or six months old, it should be trained in hunting skills. First of all, we should teach it to accurately execute hunting orders such as "get up", "don't move", "lie down", "chase" and "bite". The dog accurately carried out these hunting orders. The hunter should pet and encourage him and give him some good food as a reward to make him happy to carry out his master's orders. (2) Listen to the master's training: the puppy has great feelings for people and is willing to follow the master. Therefore, it is easier to train puppies to follow their owners. At first, they can be tempted by food and gradually love to follow their owners without eating. However, in order to keep the puppy close behind its owner and not run around, it must be trained repeatedly. Following the first method, the puppy is very novel about the surrounding scenery, and sometimes it will run to smell it, and the hunter will call it back at once. Take compulsory measures when necessary, train puppies to follow with ropes, cancel the ropes after getting used to it, and finally train hounds to walk beside their owners. (3) the cultivation of hound's brave character; After the puppy is born for three months, the hunter should often take it to the wild to get familiar with the natural environment such as mountains, rivers and forests, and cultivate its brave character. A fine breed of puppy, if chained at home all day, will also become a timid and useless bad dog. On the contrary, if the breed of puppies is not very good, if they can practice regularly, hunters will often take their dogs to the mountains for activities, and they will also be trained to be a brave and capable good hound. Take the puppy outdoors, don't be afraid that it will get lost. Calling him from time to time, not allowing him to have any independent activities, is not good for the growth of the puppy. . . Feeding of puppies 1) Feeding of newborn puppies-puppies will be suckled as soon as they are born. Puppies should be allowed to lie next to bitches so that they can suck. If there are more than one litter, the last puppy (usually thin and weak) should be sucked on the last two pairs of nipples. After repeated several times, each puppy will have a fixed nipple. Let newborn puppies eat enough colostrum, because colostrum is rich in protein and vitamins, and also contains high magnesium salts, antioxidants, enzymes, hormones and so on. It has the function of relaxing bowels and resisting diseases, and is beneficial to the discharge of meconium; High initial lactic acid is beneficial to promote the activity of digestive tract; Almost all kinds of nutrients in colostrum can be absorbed, which is very beneficial to strengthen the puppy's physique and generate heat to maintain the body temperature. What's more worth mentioning is that colostrum contains a variety of antibodies (maternal antibodies) of bitches, which makes puppies gain disease resistance. Therefore, newborn puppies should be fed colostrum as soon as possible (within 0.5~ 1 hour). The newborn puppy suddenly left its mother's womb and contacted the outside world. At this time, temperature and lung breathing are the biggest differences. The temperature of newborn puppies is relatively low (within 1~2 weeks after birth, the temperature is 34.5 ~ 36℃) and there is no shivering reflex. They rely entirely on external heat sources (such as the mother) to maintain normal body temperature, so they must keep warm (about 50% of puppies die of cold within 1 week). By 6 weeks, puppies have the function of trembling reflex and self-regulation of body temperature. Open eyes at 10~ 16 days old, open eyes at 15~ 17 days old, and the breathing frequency is accelerated, which is helpful to promote and maintain a higher body temperature. After 2 ~ 6 weeks, the body temperature rises to 36 ~ 39. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of puppies to prevent puppies from dying due to squeezing, trampling, abandonment and starvation of bitches (puppies are not allowed to eat less milk). Some puppies can't breathe when they are born, but bark, that is, they have suspended animation. At this time, they can swing their heads down and left and right, suck amniotic fluid out of the puppy's nose and mouth with a suction ball, wipe the nasal mucosa and whole body with an alcohol cotton ball, and gently press the chest wall rhythmically. Usually, after artificial respiration lasts for 3-4 minutes, the puppy can start breathing spontaneously. At this time, put the puppy in warm water at 39℃, wash away the dirt, dry it with a towel and put it in an incubator. (2) The feeding of puppies is the main stage of growth and development, and the body grows rapidly, which requires adequate nutrition. Generally speaking, the growth of body mass is mainly in the first three months, the growth of body length is mainly in the fourth to sixth months, and the growth of height is mainly after seven months. Therefore, different diets should be prepared according to different stages of development. Due to the sudden change of living conditions, weaned puppies often feel uneasy, lose appetite and get sick easily. At this time, the feed chosen should be palatable and digestible. Puppies within 3 months should be fed at least 4 times a day. For dogs with poor appetite, we can feed them first, then feed them well, and feed them less often. Good food before eating can keep the dog's appetite strong, and less feeding can make the dog feel unsatisfied all the time, so that he will not be bored and picky about the food. Puppies of 4~6 months have increased food intake and gained weight quickly, and need more feed every day, at least three times a day. Dogs after 6 months can be fed twice a day-the puppy's diet should be fed according to the original dog owner's diet first, and gradually change. Puppies within 3 months should be fed porridge, milk or soybean milk, and appropriate amount of chopped fish and cooked vegetables should be added. In order to reduce the feed cost without affecting the nutrition of puppies, pigs, cows, lungs and other organs can be cooked and chopped, and mixed with cooked food such as vegetables and corn flour to feed dogs. This is economical and practical, and dogs like to eat it. Some people think that if all dogs are fed meat, they can grow strong, but this is actually wrong. Eating whole meat can not only make dogs strong, but also lead to diarrhea in most dogs because of indigestion and difficulty in absorption. Although meat contains a lot of protein, there are less vitamins A, D, E and E, and there are less calcium and more phosphorus in meat. Eating meat for a long time is easy to cause bone formation disorder in puppies due to calcium and phosphorus imbalance, and it is easy to fracture or break limbs. It is not advisable to feed large dogs, such as Great Dane, too early, otherwise the forelimbs may bend. In puppy breeding, water is absolutely indispensable, so you should always put a basin of clear water in a fixed place for it to drink at will before and after eating and exercising. If a dog can drink enough clean water from an early age, it can make its development normal and its stomach healthy. Especially in summer and autumn, the weather is hot and the water in the body evaporates quickly, especially for active puppies. If water is not replenished in time, it is often easy to cause tissue water shortage or even dehydration, which will affect the health of dogs. It is best to let the dog drink some glucose water after exercise every day. (1~2 tablespoons of glucose powder, with appropriate amount of water). Feeding puppies should be supplemented with calcium powder and vitamins, which are necessary for the growth of teeth and bones. Especially purebred dogs with large skeleton, such as boxer and Great Dane, need calcium more in puppy period. Usually, the daily consumption of calcium powder for growing puppies under 1 year old is about 2 kg body weight 1 teaspoon of calcium powder. With the increase of age, the amount of calcium powder should be increased in proportion. After 1 year-old, because dogs have entered maturity, the growth of teeth and bones has stabilized, and the demand for calcium powder is relatively reduced. The dosage is about 4.5 kg body weight 1 teaspoon of calcium powder every day. However, there should be a proper amount of outdoor exercise every day, and after ultraviolet irradiation, it is beneficial to the absorption of calcium. Too much calcium powder is harmful. In feeding management, puppies need to invest more energy than adult dogs, especially to prevent a few puppies from overeating and make other puppies not full. The daily food intake of each dog depends on the size of the dog, which depends on the observation of the breeder. Generally speaking, the degree of satiety or hunger can be seen from the feeding performance of dogs. If the dog eats quickly and swallows it, it means that there is no problem with appetite; After eating, there is still feed left in the basin, indicating that too much feeding may be too full; If the dog continues to lick the empty food bowl with its tongue, or looks at its owner with expectant eyes, it means that it is not full. Puppies should not be overfeed, and 70% to 80% is the best. In addition, because the gastrointestinal tract of puppies is still developing, more attention should be paid to hygiene to prevent gastrointestinal diseases.