The phenomenon of * * ringing is mainly due to the same vibration frequency of the acoustic generator and the vibration receiver, that is to say, the natural vibration period of the vibration receiver is the same as that of the acoustic body, and the relationship of * * * vibration has occurred. * * * The transmission paths between vibration relations are different, which can be divided into induced vibration and forced vibration. Induced vibration is conducted through air, while forced vibration is conducted through medium. The * * * sound of human voice is not only induced by glottic waves, but also forced by media such as bones and muscles. Therefore, the * * * singing method of human voice is a compound * * * singing effect. The vocal organs of human beings are the laryngeal cavity, pharyngeal cavity, oral cavity and nasal cavity above the larynx; There are trachea and chest cavity under the larynx. Broadly speaking, the bone tissues of the chest cavity and the head cavity have the function of transmitting sound, but their functions are not equal. Obviously, it is the ringing caused by the vibration of the bone tissue in the chest cavity and the chest wall itself; Because the position and volume of bone tissue in the head cavity are different, the intensity of vibration is also different. Generally speaking, the frontal sinus is the strongest and clearest, because it is directly oscillated by all sound waves in the laryngeal cavity, pharyngeal cavity, oral cavity and nasal cavity. The occipital bone, which is second only to the frontal sinus, is located near the laryngeal cavity and directly receives the sound waves from the cervical vertebra. Dramatists call this situation "tendon removal at the back of the head". Broadcasting aesthetics requires that the control of * * * sounds in broadcasting should be dominated by chest * * * sounds, dominated by oral * * * sounds, supplemented by mixed * * * sounds. The oral cavity is dominated by * * *, which means that the oral cavity can be adjusted and controlled, which can not only keep the language clear, but also help to improve the timbre of the broadcast. Therefore, the * * * sound of other cavities must be achieved on the basis of good oral * * * sound.
The importance of oral vocalization for broadcasting is because broadcasting is a vocal process mainly based on speech, and speech is mainly regulated by oral cavity. In particular, the loudness of vowels is directly related to the control of oral cavity, because vowel overtones get a special * * * sound in the adjustable * * sound tube. The highest value of overtones is called vowel formant. In the frequency spectrum of vowels, the * * * vibration peak is a large range of some harmonic amplitudes, which is a representation of vowel acoustic characteristics in phonetics.
Fig. 8 Anatomical diagram of each cavity.
Table 9 Average data of vowel vibration peak in Putonghua
The fundamental frequency of vowels * * * peak (Hz) The first * * * peak (Hz) The second * * * peak (Hz) The third * * * peak (Hz) Men's clothes. 38+00 [] 320 [] 530 [] 720 [] 670 [] 930 [] 33 10 [] 2970 [] 2 10 [] 3 10 [] 540.
As can be seen from Figure 8 above, when vowels such as U, E and O are pronounced, the improvement of the tongue and the function of the soft palate separate the oral cavity from the pharyngeal cavity, and the anterior oral cavity is larger than the posterior pharyngeal cavity; When vowels ü and I are pronounced, the back cavity is larger than the front cavity. As can be seen from Table 9. The vowels U, E and O are characterized by low peaks, while the vowels U and I are characterized by high peaks.
The main function of broadcast control is to beautify the timbre. The general requirements of broadcasting for timbre are conciseness, elegance, roundness and concentration. Simple and generous timbre is mainly reflected by the sound area based on the chest; Round and concentrated timbre, that is, the sound effect mainly based on mouth. According to the analysis of vocalization mechanism, the passage from the front edge of vocal cords through the posterior pharyngeal wall to the junction of soft and hard palates, and then to the lips is acoustically called "sound tube".
Practice shows that the length of sound tube is different for different sounds. The determination of the voice part depends not only on the size of the whole voice part, but also on the adjustment of the length of the sound tube to a great extent. The key point of adjustment is to control the position of larynx. It is observed that the positions of the bass and baritone throats are usually within the range of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae, but when singing, they descend to the seventh cervical vertebra, and there are few obvious position changes. The overtones of different frequencies formed in the * * * sound tube will cause the * * * sound effect of the corresponding cavity. Mr Lin Junqing thinks: "When the vocal cords are bass, some parts of the chest have a harmonious relationship. In other words, its natural vibration frequency has a multiple relationship with the pronunciation of vocal cords, which can play a * * * role in the pitch of vocal cords or some overtones. " This control method of chest ringing is also suitable for broadcasting. The so-called "opening your mouth", "concentrating the strength of your lips and tongue", "hanging the front palate", "grabbing and popping", "pulling and standing", "weak receiving position" and "syllables forming jujube stones" are all control methods of oral cavity. Breath and sound waves enter the crown dome composed of upper teeth, upper gums, hard palate and soft palate through oropharyngeal curvature, and the density and pressure increase. The sound beam points to the anterior palatine area, which not only makes the sound more concentrated because of the refraction of sound waves by the anterior palatine vault, but also belongs to the trigeminal innervation area, which will increase the tension of laryngeal muscles when stimulated, thus increasing the brightness of the sound. Oral * * * sounds make the voice bright and firm, and the pronunciation is round and clear. Also called "alto * * * tone" or "alto * * * tone".
According to anatomical principles, the soft palate, pharynx and tongue are the parts where vocal organs can be controlled and moved freely. All vocal control methods should pay attention to the results contributed by the activities of these three muscle-related parts.
train
* * * is the key to control overtones and improve timbre. * * * Vocal organs mainly refer to physiological structures such as laryngeal cavity, pharyngeal cavity, oral cavity, nasal cavity and chest cavity that can cause sound vibration. The characteristics of artistic language determine that it mainly adopts the vocal tract * * * mode with oral cavity and thoracic cavity as the main parts.
(A) oral singing practice
1. Practice spelling syllables with open vowels.
Send as accurately, loudly and densely as possible. Such as b-a-ba; p—a—pa； B-ai-white; p-ai-pai； Class class; Pan Pan, etc.
Open the molar properly, pronounce vowels ai, ei, ao and ou calmly, and experience the feeling that the sound beam moves along the palate and "hangs" in the front of the hard palate.
2. Two-word and four-word exercises
Surging hail hits the wall and the glass booms the fountain's key beat.
Hundred steelmaking is magnificent and the barriers are strict.
3. Onomatopoeia practice
Bang, bang, bang, bang.
Hula, clang, clang, bang, bang, brush, pull.
4. Practice combining stress and pinching stress
Crow tidbits, frustration, happiness, touting Wang Yang
Fake rice paper chrysanthemum donates snow and hates starting a prairie fire
(B) nasal singing practice
Accent and nasal vowel alternate pronunciation, experience the different states of soft palate rising and falling and produce different timbre. Such as: a ~ a ~ a ~ a I ~ I ~ I ~ I ~ I; U ~ u ~ u ~ u etc. (~ is a nasal vowel symbol, when pronounced, the soft palate droops and the breath flows out from the nose and mouth at the same time)
Gently press both sides of the nasal bone with thumb and forefinger, and stress ba, bi, bu, pa, pi and pu, so that the sound beam hits the front of the hard palate. At this time, weak vibration will be felt on both sides of the nose; The nasal vibration of recurrent ma, mi and mu was obviously enhanced. In practice, you will find that among A, I and U, A has the weakest nasal sound, while I and U have the stronger nasal sound. This is because the tongue is high, the oral passage is small, and sound waves are easy to upload to the nasal cavity. Therefore, when pronouncing high vowels, the oral passage should be enlarged appropriately to avoid excessive nasal sound.
(3) chest exercises
The vowel "a" is practiced by sliding up and down according to the scale; Relax your chest and abdomen and sing in a low voice, feeling the sound coming out of your chest, thick and powerful; Play the door sound "he" in a low voice, and feel the sound as if it is coming from the chest, and feel the sound point of the chest. Play from low to high, and feel the sound point in the chest move up. Then, in turn, repeat the experience; Recite poems with profound artistic conception.
"Life is the most precious thing for people, and life belongs to us only once. A person's life should be spent like this: looking back, he will not regret wasting his time, nor will he be ashamed of doing nothing; When he died, he could say: My life and all my energy have been dedicated to the most magnificent cause in the world-the liberation struggle of all mankind!
(Nicola ostrovsky)
All right! Huang Shansong, I applaud you loudly.
Who let you stand firm, stand firm and hold your head high;
Nine Wan Li thunder, eight thousand Li storm,
Don't cut it crooked, can't cut it, can't tear it down!
If you want to stand, stand on the cloud,
Seventy-two peaks, your peaks are all there;
If you want to fly, fly to the sky.
Enjoy the wonderful paradise!
Not afraid of the evil wind in the valley,
When your arm shakes, you can resist accurately and hit skillfully!
Not afraid of mountains, snow, mountains,
You broke the frost sword and twisted the skates!
Who has your roots, difficulties and poverty,
You stand up from the purple rock;
Even bare roots,
And hug the rock tightly
Your majestic posture is like an eternal mountain peak,
Every needle shines with pride;
You turn your back on the sun and frown at the dark place.
Facing the sunshine, you go in and out with a thousand strong branches!
Ah, Huang Shansong, I praise you warmly.
I want to learn from your efforts and perseverance;
Look! On this purple and red mountain peak,
You are like a flag flying high.
(Zhang Wanshu's "Huangshan Pine")
On the vast sea, the wind gathered dark clouds. Between the dark clouds and the sea, Haiyan flies proudly like black lightning.
One moment its wings hit the waves, and the other moment it rushed into the dark clouds like an arrow. It cried, and in the brave cry of the birds, the dark clouds heard the joy.
In this cry,-full of longing for the storm! In this cry, the dark clouds heard the power of anger, the flame of enthusiasm and the confidence of victory.
Seagulls groaned before the storm came-groaned, and they flew around the sea, trying to hide their fear of the storm into the depths of the sea.
The sea ducks are also moaning-they, the sea ducks, can't enjoy the joy of life and fighting: the rumbling thunder scares them.
Stupid penguins timidly hide their fat bodies under the cliff-only arrogant petrels fly bravely and freely in the foam sea!
Dark clouds are getting darker and lower, pressing against the sea, while the waves are singing and rushing to the sky to meet the thunder.
Thunder roared. Waves cry in angry water droplets and contend with the wind. You see, the strong wind tightly rolled up layers of huge waves and slammed them on the cliff, smashing these large jadeites into dust and dust.
Haiyan cried and flew, like black lightning, like an arrow through the dark clouds, and its wings swept up the water droplets of the waves.
Look, it flies like an elf,-proud, black storm elf-it's laughing, it's howling-it's laughing at those dark clouds, it's howling happily!
This sensitive spirit-it has long recognized sleepiness from the thunder, and is convinced that dark clouds can't cover the sun-yes, they can't!
The wind roared—the thunder roared—
Piles of dark clouds, like blue flames, burn in the bottomless sea. The sea catches lightning arrows and extinguishes them in its own abyss. These lightning shadows are like salamanders, swimming around in the sea and disappearing in an instant.
-Storm! A storm is coming!
This is the brave Haiyan, flying proudly in the roaring sea and in the middle of lightning; This is the prophet of victory shouting:
-Let the storm get worse!
(Gorky's Haiyan)