(1) Aquilaria sinensis is irregular rod, sheet or helmet. The surface is brown, often with black and yellow texture and a slight luster. Submerged, semi-submerged or floating. Solid, not easy to break, the broken surface is grayish brown. It has a special fragrance and bitterness. When burning, there is oil oozing out, and the aroma is stronger than agarwood.

(2) The products of agarwood are irregular, flaky and small, and some are helmet-shaped and vary in size. The surface is uneven, yellow-white, with dark brown and yellow stripes, machining knife marks and occasional holes, and the surfaces of holes and dents are mostly rotten wood. Hard, not easy to break, prickly section, brown, with special aroma and bitter taste. There is oil leakage, smoke and strong aroma when burning. It is best to be black, heavy, oily and fragrant.

Microscopic identification of cross section of Aquilaria sinensis: the vessel is nearly polygonal, and some of it contains brown resin. The wall of lignocellulose is slightly thicker and lignified. The phloem between trees often intersects with rays, which is rectangular or banded, with thin cell walls and no lignification. The cavity is filled with brown resin, a few fibers are scattered in it, and some parenchyma cells contain columnar crystals of calcium oxalate. Cells with a ray width of 1-2 rows contain resin. Drug identification: Aquilaria Resinatum, Aucklandiae Radix, Clove and Sandalwood are pungent, fragrant, warm and flat, and have the function of regulating middle energizer and relieving pain. And agarwood specializes in absorbing the true qi and treating the symptoms of kidney yang deficiency and cold; Radix Aucklandiae specializes in regulating qi stagnation and treating spleen and stomach qi stagnation; Clove specializes in treating colds and partially treats spleen and stomach deficiency and cold; Sandalwood is specially designed for ascending the upper jiao and treating qi stagnation in the chest and diaphragm.

Sexual taste: Xin; Bitter; temperature

Chemical identification of traditional Chinese medicine: physical and chemical identification: take 65438 00 g of this product, add ethanol for reflux extraction, filter, concentrate to dryness, and sublime slightly to obtain yellow-brown oil with strong aroma; Add 1 drop hydrochloric acid and a small amount of vanillin particles to the oil, and then add 1-2 drops ethanol, which gradually turns cherry red, and the color will deepen after standing. (Check the volatile oil) Quality mark The Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China (PRC) 1995 stipulates that the ethanol extract of this product shall not be less than 15.0%.

Source: Resinous wood of Aquilaria Resinatum and Aquilaria sinensis of Daphne family.

Usage and dosage: for oral administration: decoct soup, 2-5g, and then take it; 0.5- 1g； Or juice dressing.

English name: ChineseEaglewood

Source: Aquilaria sinensis or Aquilaria sinensis resin-containing wood, dicotyledonous herbs.

Efficacy: lowering temperature, warming kidney and absorbing qi.

Indications: It can be used for treating asthma due to qi deficiency, vomiting and hiccups, abdominal distension and pain, waist and knees deficiency and cold, large intestine deficiency and stranguria in men.

(1) "Bielu": "Treat the toxic swelling of feng shui and eliminate evil spirits."

② Tao Hongjing: "Treating nuclear toxic swelling."

(3) Materia Medica of Haiyao: "Treat abdominal pain, cholera, pathogenic factors, clear heart, and take wine; All sores and swelling should be treated with ointment. "

4 "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Regulating the middle, nourishing the five internal organs, benefiting essence and strengthening yang, warming the waist and knees, and eliminating evil spirits. Stop muscle twitching, stop vomiting and diarrhea, stop air conditioning, stop constipation, (cure) wind-cold paralysis, stop joint failure, stop dampness and wind itching, stop abdominal pain, and stop gas dysentery. "

⑤ "Pearl Capsule": "Tonifying kidney, eliminating evil and regulating middle energizer."

⑥ "Outline": "Treat upper heat and lower cold, breath inversion, large intestine deficiency, urine stranguria and male cold."

⑦ "Outline of Medical Forest": "Strengthening kidney and nourishing life, warming middle warmer, drying spleen and promoting diuresis, purging heart and descending adverse flow, all the qi that is not adjusted can be adjusted. It also treats mouth dysentery, aversion to cold wind and cold joint pain. "

8 "Herbal Rejuvenation": "Treat liver depression, reduce liver qi, harmonize spleen and stomach, eliminate dampness, and induce resuscitation by inducing diuresis."

Tropism of nature and taste: hard and warm.

① Don't record: "Slight temperature."

② Materia Medica of sea medicine: "Bitter, warm and nontoxic."

3 "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "pungent, hot, non-toxic."

sandal wood

④ "Outline": "Those who chew sweet are flat, while those who are spicy are hot."

Enter the kidney, spleen and stomach meridians.

① Explanation of the nature of drugs processed by Lei Gong: "Kidney and Mingmen have two meridians."

② Herbal Shu Shu: "Entering Foot Yangming, Taiyin and Shaoyin begins with Shaoyin and Zujueyin."

③ Drug meaning: "Entering the lung and kidney."

④ Herbal interpretation: "Foot shaoyang gallbladder meridian, foot jueyin liver meridian, hand Taiyin lung meridian."

Avoid using drugs: those with yin deficiency and fire flourishing and qi deficiency sinking should be used with caution.

(1) Classic of Materia Medica: "If the qi in the middle is insufficient, it will not return to the yuan, so avoid it; Those who have real evil in the heart meridian should avoid it; If the door is really failing, it is not suitable for medicinal use in the lower coke. "

(2) "Materia Medica": "Those who oppose yin deficiency and qi cannot."

3 "Ben Feng Jingyuan": "Those who are depressed due to qi deficiency should not take more."

4 "Materia Medica from the New": "Those who suffer from yin deficiency and fire will not touch their lips."

Compatibility of drugs: with radix aucklandiae: invigorating qi and promoting qi circulation. Use cistanche deserticola: warm kidney and nourish yin;

Alias: Mi Xiang (southern vegetation) and Shen Shui Xiang (Guiyu Zhi Heng). The original plant Aquilaria sinensis, also known as Aquilaria Resinatum (Guangxi), Daughter Fragrant (Outline), Tooth Fragrant Tree, Crown Fragrant Tree and Liu Ma Tree.

Prescription name: Aquilaria Resinatum, Hainan Aquilaria Resinatum, Hainan Ginseng, Hao Aquilaria Resinatum, Shang Aquilaria Resinatum, Guishen, Aquilaria Resinatum Powder, Shang Aquilaria Resinatum Powder, etc.

store

Imported agarwood: also known as all agarwood, is a kind of wood containing black resin, which is used for plant agarwood. Location: India, Malaysia and other countries.

Domestic agarwood: also known as Hainan ginseng, Hainan agarwood, agarwood, Guanxiang, Daughter incense and agarwood. The wood containing black resin is the plant Aquilaria sinensis. Location: Hainan Island.

Kananga: Also known as Qinan Township, Qinan, Qinan and Jianan God. It is a kind of wood with high resin content near the roots of the plant Aquilaria sinensis or Aquilaria sinensis.

Green oil Kananga: It's a green-brown Kananga.

Purple oil Kananga: It is a purple-brown Kananga.

Helmet agarwood: also known as helmet agarwood. Imported agarwood is mostly helmet-shaped, hence the name.

Imported agarwood: also known as Shen Shui Xiang, Yan Kou Xiang, Penglai Xiang, Mi Xiang, Zhi Lan Xiang, Qing Gui Xiang, etc. (The above is the name of the document). Resin-containing heartwood from Aquilaria. Location: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Cambodia, Iran, Thailand and other places.

The agarwood produced in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore is called Xinzhou Xiang, which has the best quality and lasting fragrance. The agarwood produced in Vietnam is called Cary, but its quality is inferior, and its fragrance is good and sweet, but it can't last long.

Imported agarwood is mostly cylindrical or irregular rod-shaped, and its surface is yellowish brown or grayish black; Hard and heavy, can sink into water or semi-sink into water; Strong smell, burning smoke billowing, rich aroma. Imported agarwood is slightly warm and bitter. It has the effects of promoting qi circulation, relieving pain, warming vomit and relieving asthma, and its curative effect is better than that of cedarwood incense.

Allocation of resources

① Aquilaria sinensis cultivated in Taiwan Province, Guangdong and Guangxi; Foreign countries are distributed in India, Indonesia, Vietnam and Malaysia.

② Aquilaria sinensis is distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Taiwan Province provinces.

Harvest and storage

Collection of domestic agarwood: Select a big tree with a trunk diameter greater than 30 cm, and cut it with a knife several times at a distance of 1.5 ~ 2 meters from the ground, with a depth of about 3 ~ 4 cm. After several years, agarwood can be cut. New wounds caused by cutting can still produce agarwood. Another method: on the trunk about 1 m from the ground, drill several small holes (commonly known as "incense doors") with a depth of 3 ~ 6 cm and a diameter of 3 ~ 10 cm, and then seal them with soil. After the xylem near the wound secretes resin, agarwood can be harvested after several years. Aquilaria sinensis can sometimes be found in dead trees, which are long in age, high in fat content and good in quality, but not much in yield. After the agarwood is obtained, the resin-free part is removed with a knife, and the finished product is obtained after drying. It must be stored in a closed container in a cool and dry place to prevent oil from overflowing and drying.

Latin name: the original plant of mignonette

(1) agarwood.

2 agarwood. ) Gilg,

Medicinal material identification

① Imported agarwood is a kind of resin-containing wood of plant agarwood, mostly helmet-shaped, rod-shaped or flaky, with extremely irregular shape, 7-20 cm long and1.5-6 cm in diameter. The surface is brown, often with black and yellow texture, smooth and flat. Solid, heavy, not easy to break, split with a knife, the section is grayish brown. It can be submersible or semi-submersible and semi-floating. It has a special fragrance and bitterness. When burning, there is oil oozing out and the aroma is rich. Location: India, Malaysia and other places.

② Domestic agarwood is also called Hainan agarwood. Aquilaria sinensis contains resinous wood, mostly in irregular blocks or sheets, with a length of 3 ~ 15 cm and a diameter of 3 ~ 6 cm. The surface is uneven, and the organic processing tool marks. It can be seen that stripes are formed between the dark brown resin-containing part and the yellow woody cypress, and the surfaces of holes and dents are rotten wood. Lighter in weight, the damaged surface is prickly and brown. Most of them can't sink. There is a special aroma, bitter, oily when burning, thick smoke rolling, rich aroma. Location: Hainan Island, Guangdong Province, and also Guangxi Province. Aquilaria sinensis is oily, heavy and glutinous. After careful processing, it is carnation. See the article Kananga.

Microscopic characteristics

① Aquilaria sinensis: cells with a cross-sectional line width of 1-2 are radially elongated, and the walls are not lignified to slightly lignified, and some of them have wall holes, brown resinous substances and moisture. sandal wood

Wood fiber is polygonal, the wall is not very thick and lignified. Catheters are polygonal to square, often in two integrated groups, with occasional single scattered; Some ducts are filled with resin. Wood thin-walled cell wall is thin and not lignified. Most of them are 10 groups, and a few are around the catheter; It contains brown resin. Tangent section; The line width of bamboo shoots is 1-2 cells and the height is 4- 15 cells. Catheter sections are different in length and have edge holes. Wood parenchyma cells are rectangular. Wood fiber is slender and about 20-30 nanometers in diameter; There are holes in the wall; The radial section is similar to the tangential section, except that the wood rays are located in the transverse joint area.

② Aquilaria powder: dark brown powder; Fiber tracheids are mostly in bundles, long prismatic, thin wall, with holes on the upper edge of radial wall and rare tangential wall. Tough fibers are few and scattered, with a diameter of 25-45 mm; A single oblique hole in the tangential wall. Common pipes with edge holes are about 28 mm in diameter, and the edge lines are closely staggered. The catheter contains yellow-brown resin blocks, which often break. The line width of bamboo shoots is 1-2 rows of cells, and the height is about 20 cells. The single pore is dense, and the phloem parenchyma cells with inner letter contain yellow-brown substances; The wall is not lignified, and it can be seen that hyphae corrode to form crisscross textures, and calcium oxalate columnar crystals are rare. It is a four-sided cylinder with a length of 68 mm; Diameter 9-15mm

③ Aquilaria sinensis powder: dark brown, different from Aquilaria sinensis powder, the tough fiber is thinner, with a diameter of 6-40mm, and the diameter of the catheter with holes at the edge is150 mm.. Wood rays are mostly 1 row of cells, and the height of 5 rows of cells is more common. Columnar crystals are very small, up to 80 mm in length.

Microscopic identification

(1) domestic agarwood powder: black powder: dark brown.

① Fiber tracheids are mostly in bundles, long fusiform, with a diameter of 22-29 microns, slightly thick walls, lignified, with marginal holes in radial walls and few tangential walls.

② Tough fibers are rare and scattered, with a diameter of 25-45μ m and a single inclined hole on the radial wall.

③ The diameter of the catheter with edge holes is about 128μm, and the edge holes are arranged closely and appear alternately. The catheter contains yellowish brown resin lumps, which often break off.

④ The line width of Dendrocalamus latiflorus is 1-2 rows of cells, about 20 cells high, and the single pit is dense.

⑤ The parenchyma cells in phloem between trees contain yellowish brown substance, and the walls are not lignified, and hyphae and staggered textures can be seen.

⑥ Columnar crystals of calcium oxalate are rare, which are four-sided cylinders with a length of 68μm and a diameter of 9- 18 μ m. In addition, resin blocks can be seen.

(2) Imported agarwood powder: dark brown. Tough fiber is fine, with a diameter of16-40μ m; The diameter of the catheter with edge hole is150μ m; Wood rays are mostly 1-2 rows of cells, and 5 rows of cells are common. There are very few columnar crystals, up to 80 μ m. Pieces: domestic agarwood slices, planed vertically or obliquely, and dense brown-black longitudinal stripes can be seen on the surface of longitudinal slices; Brown and black markings can be seen on the inclined or horizontal surface.

characteristic

Aquilaria sinensis is a kind of resin-containing wood in Daphne family. Mainly distributed in Vietnam, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and other regions.

The height of the agarwood is about 30-40 meters. When a wound is formed on the surface or inside the agarwood, in order to protect the injured part, resin will gather around the wound. When the accumulated resin concentration reaches a certain level, this part is removed, which is the available agarwood. However, wounds are not the only cause of resin coagulation, and agarwood resin will naturally form in the interior and rotten parts of trees.

The agarwood used usually needs to be processed to remove the wooden parts, and the processed agarwood is mostly irregular, flaky or helmet-shaped. Generally, it is about 7-30 cm long and 1.5- 10 cm wide, but there are also treasures over one meter. sandal wood

The surface of agarwood wood is uneven, consisting of dark brown resin-containing parts and yellow white resin-free parts, and the processed knife marks can be seen. The section of Aquilaria sinensis is prickly, and the holes are mostly rotten wood. Judging that agarwood is heavy and strong, brown and black, oily, without dead wood and waste white wood, it is better to burn with oil oozing and rich aroma.

Agarwood resin is characterized by hard and heavy texture and bitter taste. Resin is easy to burn, and oil can be seen to boil when burning. The resin itself has almost no fragrance before burning. Colors are classified into green, dark green, light yellow, yellow and black. Different colors of resin will give off different fragrance when burning.

The most important criterion for determining the grade of agarwood is its resin content. Agarwood resin is particularly heavy. Although the specific gravity of logs is only 0.4, when the resin content exceeds 25%, any form of agarwood (pieces, blocks and powder) will sink into the water. The name agarwood comes from the nature of submerged water.

The formation of agarwood generally takes decades, and the resin content is hundreds of years, so the supply of agarwood from ancient times to now is far from meeting the demand. In recent years, due to people's desire for precious agarwood, the supply of agarwood has almost dried up. India and many Southeast Asian countries have tried to artificially cultivate agarwood resin, but the production cycle of high-quality agarwood is too long. Artificial cultivation 10-20 years can only produce agarwood with very low resin content (almost no resin). Because it is extremely difficult to obtain superior agarwood and the price is increasingly expensive, many manufacturers confuse fake agarwood with inferior quality, and consumers need to carefully identify it.

Aquilaria resin

(1) Weight: When the resin content exceeds 25%, any form of agarwood (tablets, blocks, powder) will sink into the water.

(2) Hardness: The resin is crystalline, so it is particularly hard.

(3) Flammable: It contains volatile oil, so it is extremely flammable. There is smoke when burning, and you can see that the oil is boiling.

(4) No fragrance: there is almost no fragrance before burning. (agarwood logs also have no fragrance) color

(1) Five kinds: green, dark green, gold (light yellow), yellow and black.

(2) Aroma: Different colors of agarwood produce different scents when burned.

cause

(1) reason: * * * four (please click on the function page on the left)

(2) Time: 100~500 years (), and the formation time usually determines the resin content of agarwood.

(3) Nature: It takes too long to be cultivated artificially.

Origin: Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, Indonesia, India.

Other information

Aquilaria sinensis is also known as tooth incense tree and agarwood, and there is also a nice name called "Daughter Xiang". It is an evergreen tree native to South China, with smooth trunk, light gray, oval leaves, fine veins and small yellow-green flowers. In summer, you can see green fruits hanging on trees.

Aquilaria sinensis has a wide range of uses, its resin can be made into spices or medicines, wood can be made into thread incense, and bark can be made into paper. As the distribution area is reduced, only sporadic distribution is left, which has been listed as a national second-class protected wild plant to be protected.

According to historical records, Aquilaria sinensis was introduced to Guangdong in the Tang Dynasty and was widely planted in the Song Dynasty. Because it is mainly concentrated in Dongguan, it is also called Wanxiang. There is a beautiful story about Wanxiang among the local people: girls are responsible for washing and baking Wanxiang, and they often hide the best incense blocks on their chests to change powder, hence the name "Daughter Xiang", the best incense. Aquilaria sinensis, also known as "submerged fragrance" and "water agarwood", is written as "agarwood" in the old saying. The word "Shen" in the ancient saying "Shen Musk" refers to agarwood. Aquilaria sinensis is elegant and very rare, and has been listed as the first fragrance since ancient times. Different from sandalwood, agarwood is not a kind of wood, but a special fragrant tree, which is a solid condensate of oil (resin) and wood components. But the wood of this fragrant tree itself has no special fragrance, and the wood is soft. According to the current research, several trees of Aquilaria of Daphne, such as Aquilaria malayi, Aquilaria Vientiane and Aquilaria India, can form Aquilaria.

Overview of planting methods

Aquilaria sinensis is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine, a rare high-grade spice and a fine tribute to Buddhist practice. Its economic value is extremely high, the products are in short supply, extremely scarce at home and abroad, and the price is as expensive as gold, so it is called "million dollars". As long as the correct seed value method is mastered, the planting cost of agarwood is low and it is easy to plant and manage. Planting agarwood is a good method of greening, and it has high economic value, and it is a good way for farmers to get rich. In recent years, research on scientific planting methods and large-scale planting of agarwood has been vigorously carried out. For example, Angelababy Aquilaria Development Co., Ltd. completed the research on planting, aroma making and processing technology of Aquilaria sinensis in Hainan from May 65438 to September 2006, and the results were appraised by the expert group of Hainan Science and Technology Department, reaching the domestic leading level. The results include: 1. The first and second generations of excellent mother trees (named "Haixiangshen 1") bred by artificial cultivation are the earliest excellent strains of Aquilaria sinensis in China, realizing the historical transformation of Aquilaria sinensis from wild state to artificial cultivation.

2. A set of technical measures for the cultivation and management of Aquilaria sinensis in Hainan have been widely used in Hainan, Guangdong and other places.

3. The method of "drilling bacteria medicine" can make the fragrance of Aquilaria sinensis earlier, more and better, realize high benefit, and open up a new way for artificial fragrance making.

4. The deep processing and comprehensive utilization of fragrant products have made a beneficial exploration for the industrial development of agarwood.

General methods and precautions of planting

1. Planting season: When the temperature rises from March to April in spring and the spring shoots have not sprouted or just sprouted, choose rainy days for planting. The survival rate can reach more than 95%. If you choose bagged seedlings or nutrient pot seedlings, the planting season is relatively loose and the planting effect is better.

2. Planting density: Planting density cannot be generalized, but depends on site conditions. Where the water and fertilizer conditions are good, 2M×3M, planting about 100 plants per mu; In areas with less fertile land and less rainfall, the specification of 2M×2.5M is adopted, and about 120 plants are planted per mu.

3. Preparation before planting: Dig holes according to plant spacing. The specifications of the hole are: 50×50 cm wide and 40 cm deep. After digging the planting hole, backfill the topsoil first, and then cooperate with the base fertilizer. Dosage per plant: compound fertilizer100g, calcium magnesium phosphorus100g, and calcium superphosphate 250g, and mix them with backfill soil evenly. However, it should be noted that in the order of fertilizer release, the compound fertilizer mixed with topsoil-calcium magnesium phosphorus and calcium superphosphate-mixed with topsoil and agarwood is put first.

Then plant the seedlings on it. The purpose of this is to avoid direct contact between root system and compound fertilizer, so that root system can directly contact with calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and calcium superphosphate, which is beneficial to rooting. Pay attention to proper deep planting when planting to avoid exposing the base of ground diameter. After planting, the whole backfill soil should be slightly higher than the hole surface, forming a hill shape, or opening a drainage ditch. Do not accumulate water or bury soil to avoid root rot. 4. Planting method: before emergence, cut off the lateral branches and leaves at the lower part of the seedling, keep several leaves at the upper part, and cut off half of each leaf. When planting seedlings, the plants are erect, the roots are stretched, the soil is covered in layers, and the root water is poured thoroughly. The survival rate can reach more than 95%.

5. Young tree tending: after planting, loosen the soil and mow the grass twice at the end of the rainy season. In the next three years, it is necessary to strengthen tending management such as removing impurities, weeding, loosening soil and expanding holes. Tending twice a year, 1 time before and after the rainy season. Fertilization: combine loosening soil, weeding and hole expansion. In rainy season, fertilize twice a year, and apply compound fertilizer 100 ~ 150g to each plant, so as to promote the growth of trees, make them dense as soon as possible and reduce weeds. When tending, attention should be paid to pruning branches once a year to cultivate excellent dry shape, which is conducive to fragrance. However, it should be noted that in the first year of young forest, it is beneficial not to cut off all the lateral branches prematurely and excessively, but to keep some of them temporarily. As time goes on, the young forest grows taller and taller, and then it is gradually pruned upwards. This is beneficial to increase the photosynthesis of plant leaves in the young forest period, and to the growth of young forest and the development of root system.

6. Maintenance during the growth period of adult trees: only weeding and proper fertilization are needed during the growth period of agarwood trees. Adult trees are barren and don't need much care; A slight pest is beneficial to the formation of incense. Source: Chinese materia medica