In modern society, people need to communicate with each other. Whether you are a boring person or a person who makes people feel that "in a word, it is better than ten years" is directly related to your literary accomplishment. A person's temperament is directly proportional to his literary accomplishment. Tourism is an important way for modern people to relax. Whether you appreciate the natural scenery or the humanistic scenery with historical and cultural connotations is also related to your literary accomplishment. Literary literacy is related to how many books you read, but not exactly the same. If you just read a lot of books, but don't know much about them, or you just have a pocket shape, without analysis, identification and choice, you are just a bookworm, and bookworms are not very cute. Knowledgeable people can learn from others and form their own opinions on many issues. You won't get bored dealing with such people. If you become such a person, you will be very popular and help you start a business. I never advocate reading literature books for literature's sake. It's too heavy. Pure literature can't feel much happiness.

Philosophy is a general door, and it is the generalization and summary of natural science and social science. For the improvement of engineering students' literary literacy, philosophical thinking is the basis to guide us to choose, select and taste excellent literary works. Only by improving the quality (taste and ability) of literary tasting through philosophical thinking can we choose clearly among the vast literature without losing our way. People usually think that reading about 40 famous books in a person's life can change a person's cultural background and temperament, because the foundation of 40 famous books at home and abroad is enough to affect our understanding of human nature and personality and our attitude towards life. They will also exert a subtle influence on our manners and speech. We usually say "we are full of poems and books", but we can't pretend it. Some students asked me why I didn't form a knowledgeable cultural background and cultivate excellent temperament after reading more than 40 novels. There is the problem of how to choose and improve the ability of tasting. Reading is not simply reading, you have to think to gain something.

1. Interpreting the distinctive "sameness and ever-changing" ―― Grasping * * * and individuality

It is no accident that excellent literary works have been passed down through the ages. We usually say that as many people read A Dream of Red Mansions, there will be many redologists, because the charm of A Dream of Red Mansions attracts people from generation to generation. Reading A Dream of Red Mansions, we feel human nature. Looking at a dream of red mansions from the perspective of philosophical thinking has a different feeling. Jinling 12 Chai is a beauty in Cao Xueqin's works. Throughout the ages, the description of beauty is beautiful, sinking fish and falling geese, feeling ashamed to spend the moon. These represent human aesthetic ideals and standards, which can be said to be the beauty of * * *. However, how beautiful it is shows that writers have different tastes and understandings of beauty, and it also leaves a lot of room for imagination. The beauties in A Dream of Red Mansions are all so beautiful, each with its own charm and personality, so they are told through the ages. Not to mention sister Lin's weak willows and rich temperament, just looking at different objects, their poems show strong personality, from which their fate can be inferred. Looking at the catkins flying, Sister Lin chanted "Wandering is as thin, empty and romantic as life"; Sister Bao saw that "the teenager has no roots, and the good wind sent me to Qingyun." After reading a dream of red mansions, no matter how much time has passed, it is hard for you to think of Sister Lin and Sister Bao. There is both individuality and sexuality between Shi Xiangyun and Lin Daiyu. Both parents are dead. Miss Shi is in foster care of her aunt and uncle, and Miss Lin is in foster care of her grandmother. It should be said that Miss Shi is not as good as Miss Lin. Miss Shi was generous and open-minded, and even drank too much wine. She put a bag of peony petals on the slate beside the rockery and fell asleep, which was in stark contrast to Miss Lin's weeping by the wind and mourning by the moon. If you read A Dream of Red Mansions carefully, at least you will have a deeper understanding of the beauty of girls that human beings appreciate together, rather than just appreciating the appearance of girls. Even when watching the movie and TV series A Dream of Red Mansions, you will unconsciously consider whether the characters are similar to your sisters Lin and Bao. The beauty of Sister Bao's Athens, Sister Lin's beauty and Miss Qingwen's charming beauty are completely different from Pan Jinlian's demon spirit.

Romance of the Three Kingdoms is actually a strategy. But I prefer to appreciate this role from his personality and personality characteristics. There is also a great contrast between Cao Cao and Kong Ming and Zhou Yu. Cao Cao's literary talent gives the impression that he is bold and straightforward, while Kong Ming and Zhou Yu are gentle and gentle. There is a big difference between Kong Ming and Zhou Yu. Kong Ming is a feather fan with a black silk scarf. Zhou Yu is young, vigorous and heroic, but quite narrow-minded. No matter when you study in the Three Kingdoms, you will never forget these people with strong personalities.

"Water Margin" describes 108 outlaws who rob others. Rudeness should be said to be their nature, but the vividness of each character is not because they are rude. But because they are rude and have their own personality. Ruda's rudeness is impatience, Shi Jin's rudeness is juvenile willfulness, jy's rudeness is barbarism, Ruan's rudeness is grief and indignation, and Jiao Ting's rudeness is bad temper. There are Li Kui, Jong Li and Song Wu who fight tigers in Water Margin. Song Wu only hit a tiger, but it was told through the ages. Why? From the transformation of philosophical contradictions and opposites, we can see how much pen and ink Shi Naian used in fighting tigers in Song Dynasty. At first, Song Wu didn't believe there were tigers in Jingyanggang. He turned over and slept on the slate. When the tiger came out, the hungry tiger went down the mountain, but Song Wu was unprepared. When he heard the tiger roar, it was close at hand. At this time, Song Wu was at a disadvantage and the tiger was at an advantage; The tiger pounced on Song Wu once, twice and three times, while Song Wuyi dodged the tiger's attack twice and three times. At this time, the situation reversed. Tigers can't attack three times, and their physical strength is exhausted; After Song Wu flashed at the tiger three times, he was already holding a whistle stick in his hand. Song Wu is at an advantage and the tiger is at a disadvantage. Song Wu raised his whistle stick and hit the tiger hard. Unexpectedly, the whistle stick hit the tree and broke in two. The situation is reversed again. Song Wu's advantage became a disadvantage, and its weapons were gone. The tiger recovered and the disadvantage became an advantage. At this time, the tiger jumped forward and Song Wu jumped back. It was a close call. Song Wu was almost killed in Tiger Claw. At this time, Song Wu's heroism was brought into play. He grabbed the tiger's head and put it on the ground, punching and kicking at the tiger's eyes, head, face and body until it died. The reason why Song Wu beat the tiger is told through the ages is that Shi Naian described the contradictory transformation of Song Wu beat the tiger with ups and downs, which is exciting. We usually say that philosophers use syllogism to reason, and poets use images and pictures to speak, but they actually say the same thing. If we combine the two, we can also read the difference from others and surprise us.

I look at literary works, which may be related to my philosophical thinking training, often not from the perspective of pure literature.

Yes, from the perspective of philosophy, history, psychology and even politics, the feelings and gains are different from others.

But isn't this world colorful because everyone is unique? People in China call peony the national flower, because its elegance accords with the ideal of China people to pursue a rich life. However, in the minds of scholars of past dynasties, it is not the peony complex that lingers, but the plum complex. Therefore, I often think that Lu You's plum blossom is Bai Mei, which is in line with his realm of "falling into the mud and grinding dust, it is as fragrant as ever"; The plum blossom in Mao Zedong should be red plum, which can show the pride of "when the mountain flowers are in full bloom, she laughs among the flowers"; The plum blossoms in Qu Qiubai have to be wintersweet to show the feeling that "coming back next spring should be as fragrant as before"; Wang Mian's plum blossom itself is called Momei, so there is an artistic conception of "Don't boast of its lewdness, just leave the air fresh and dry". A flower has its own style. In the Song Dynasty, someone once asked Su Dongpo about Lin Hejing's poem "Shadow is shallow, fragrance floats on the moon and dusk". Why can these two poems only describe plum blossoms, but not peach blossoms and apricot blossoms? Su Dongpo couldn't help laughing: "You can honestly give it to peaches and apricots, but I'm afraid peaches and apricots won't listen!" . After reading this, how can you not throw a knowing smile at Su Dongpo's wisdom? In the literati's pen, peach blossom is a sad flower, a beautiful flower with a thin life, apricot blossom is a noisy flower and a warm flower with red apricot branches in spring. In any case, it is impossible to hook up with Shallow Water and Moonlight Evening. In this case, reading will not be a burden, nor will it be boring. You will only feel that although there are differences in time and space between the ancients and the present, they are always connected in terms of aesthetic cultivation, appreciation of natural images and appreciation of beautiful things in human nature.

We usually say that works without bias are not great works. No matter which dynasty, literary works are the embodiment of people's views on love and death in this period, so some people think that love and death are the eternal theme of literature. Love leads to the continuation and birth of life, and death is the end of life. Life and death are problems that people have to face, and neither philosophy nor reality can avoid them. However, when we appreciate the two themes of literature, we have to pay attention to the difference between famous works and kitsch literature. As mentioned above, masterpieces not only reflect the uniformity of literary creation (in line with the law of human development), but also reflect a strong personality, that is, ever-changing kitsch works, just like instant noodles, can only fill their stomachs in desperation, and there is no problem of taste at all. No matter how many such works and TV dramas I have seen, all the boys are from Shuai Shuai, and all the girls are ashamed to close their eyes. But only when they are the same and have no personality, I can never find out that the hero and heroine are here, even their names, let alone their personalities. This has nothing to do with my memory, but with my appreciation. What works you appreciate is related to your taste in human nature and literature. If you want to improve the level and ability of literary appreciation, you can't just look at inferior works. You must read all the famous works at home and abroad, so that you can have a standard to judge what works are excellent, so that when you evaluate and taste other literary works, it will not be too high or too low. Literary works enrich our spiritual life and cultivate our humanity and personality. Reading famous books is the only way for us to shape ourselves and improve our literary quality.

2. Reading the true taste-improving the ability of literature tasting is an intuitive embodiment of the level of humanistic literacy.

Anyone can read it, but it is not easy to read the truth. It is often an intuitive expression of a person's literary appreciation ability. I remember that about ten years ago, a busybody in the literary world did such a questionnaire survey, and found 100 young men with different academic qualifications and different occupations to read A Dream of Red Mansions first and then answer questions. The problem is to choose a spouse, arrange seats and eliminate two people in Jinling 12. The reasons must be explained. As a result, the answer was unexpected. The first one to be eliminated was Wang Xifeng, which is easy to understand. The second is Sister Lin, whom Cao Xueqin regarded as the most ideal embodiment of beauty. Why do you want to eliminate sister Lin? People's aesthetic standards have changed in different times. Obviously, it is the same choice, but different cultural qualities are quite different in taste. The answers of young men with low educational level are intuitive and vulgar. "Sister Lin is always sick, it is too difficult to raise." The young man with higher education level gave a wonderful answer: "This song should be heard only in the sky, and how many times can it be heard on earth?" The reason is the same, but the feeling is different. Different life ages have different realms, and whether a person's appearance is beautiful or not is related to age and heredity. Some old people are wrinkled and have a dragon bell posture, and we still think they are cute, because their cultural literacy and taste have fully demonstrated their wisdom, philosophy and elegance. So beauty and cuteness are not the same concept, just as we usually say that people are cute not because of beauty, but because of cuteness. A person with poor literary accomplishment is unlikely to be cute at any age. If your girlfriend walks with you on a moonlit night, and she says "the moonlight is really beautiful tonight", and you answer her "I wish it were a baked cake", then I'm afraid your romantic prospects are not so good. During the spring outing, when others are enjoying the spring scenery of "a butterfly is wearing deeply and flying slowly with water", you are afraid that people don't know that the most beautiful butterfly is the ugliest caterpillar, or that "three thousands of feet white hairs" are bragging and impossible. Although you are telling the truth, it is disappointing. We often say that the best way for such a person who likes to spoil everyone's fun is to give him a sesame seed cake and let him chew it himself. Because he has no literary accomplishment, he can only pay attention to physical materials. Just like "the cold wave is light, Bai Niao is leisurely and comfortable", we can appreciate it because we all know that "returning home is urgent, and the material state is leisurely and comfortable". If you insist on arguing, no one will be interested in arguing with you. If you have no literary accomplishment and taste, you can't tell the difference and connection between natural images and human emotions at all, or you can only argue without any imagination. You must be a boring person.

Literature appreciation needs imagination and exaggeration, and poetry repertoire pays attention to contrast, interest and fu. Too revealing and too white is not a manifestation of literary accomplishment and imagination, and not many people are willing to deal with people without literary color and imagination. Literature is not for showing off, but a panacea to beautify our emotional world and purify our hearts. When we are in a peaceful and leisurely mood, we can appreciate Tao Yuanming's "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely". If someone makes a scene inside and outside the fence and Nanshan remains the same, how can you get up leisurely? Improving the appreciation ability of literary works depends on accumulation and observation. We usually say that attention is learned everywhere. Only by reading a lot of excellent works can your evaluation and tasting of literature and other beautiful things be appropriate, neither too high nor too low. Some people say that reading literary works is too tiring. In order to save time, watch TV series. This kind of time can't be saved, which is related to the way our brain receives signals. Tv plays only let you remember the plot of the story, and the essence of literary works can only leave memories and stimulate understanding and imagination through reading. Therefore, some famous books should not only be read, but also not read only once. My teacher told me that if you want to really understand A Dream of Red Mansions, you should read it at least eight times in your life. Every time I appreciate the red chamber, it is not the original red chamber. If you have a rich imagination, there are many similarities between the ancient moon and the modern moon. The key is whether you have the image of the moon in your mind when you recite the poem:

"The moon was bright in Qin dynasty and closed in Han dynasty" is the "moon in Guanshan" (cold, distant and historical).

"Thirty fame, the dust settles, eight thousand miles of clouds and the moon" is a "generous month" (heroic and passionate)

"The bright moon on the sea is born in the tide" is a "vast moon" (vast and broad)

"The moon shines in another village" is a "hazy moon" (graceful and warm).

"Until, holding up my cup, I asked the bright moon to bring me my shadow, making the three of us a" sad moon "(lonely and boundless).

"How wide the world is, how close the trees are to heaven, and how close the moon is to the water!" It is a "pleasant moon" (gentle and soothing)

"Frost on a deserted slab bridge, crowing at the Maodian Moon" means "bleak moon" (cold and desolate).

"The cloud breaks through the moon and gives a shadow" is the "full moon" (smart and lively).

"Dim fragrance floating on the moon at dusk" is a poem "Idle Moon" (leisurely and romantic)

Yang Liuan, Gone with the Wind is a "bleak moon" (vicissitudes and sadness).

"When will there be a bright moon? Asking for Wine from Heaven is Gengetsu (lofty and elegant).

"No moon makes people feel quiet at first" "This is a quiet month" (comfortable and quiet)

In fact, this place is not a description of moonlight and artistic conception, but an expression of people's inner feelings Reading literary works can not only understand the author's aesthetics, but also have more understanding of human nature and life. These are all obtained through subtle reading and thinking. People will always encounter all kinds of difficulties and loneliness in their lives. Through reading and thinking, we can gain the ability of self-liberation and self-liberation. A knowledgeable person is always confident and optimistic, because he has a deeper understanding of life and human nature, just like a bright spot, which can not only illuminate his own life, but also illuminate others.

Reading literature from the perspective of philosophy makes us more aware of the deep connotation and weakness of human nature revealed in literature, and we can also better understand ourselves and reshape ourselves.

2. Philosophical thinking and the realm of life-improve yourself

I remember teaching in colleges and universities after graduating from college and living in dormitories at first. One of my roommates told me that you have a wide range of knowledge and a cheerful and positive personality. Why did you choose philosophy as your major? I asked him, do you know what philosophy is? He said he didn't know, only that it was boring politics, and came to the conclusion that no students in colleges and universities wanted to take philosophy classes. I know I can't communicate with him further, because I can't make him understand what philosophy is. People who master philosophy need wisdom, and not everyone is suitable for philosophy research and teaching. The philosophy department of my alma mater never enrolled girls before the Cultural Revolution, and the philosophy department was dubbed "the monk department". After grade 77, it is the first time that the philosophy department of colleges and universities recruits girls. However, the conditions for recruiting female students are more stringent than those for recruiting male students: although female students in the philosophy department take liberal arts exams, they must pass mathematics before they can go to the philosophy department. Because many people think that girls' abstract thinking is worse than boys', the philosophy department has higher requirements for girls than boys. There are not many people who pass mathematics among liberal arts candidates, but the prerequisite for recruiting girls in philosophy department is that mathematics must pass. Philosophy itself is not a pure liberal arts major, but a generalization and summary of natural science and social science. In other words, the girls in our philosophy department are all girls with comprehensive subject knowledge. Contrary to people's imagination, some people think that all the girls in the philosophy department are female pedants. In fact, all the girls in our philosophy department are cheerful, lively and confident. When we met again many years after graduation, none of my female classmates regretted their major. Because philosophy lets them know themselves and life. Each of us who graduated from the philosophy department has a different experience. Some of us have a smooth journey and achieved great success, writing works, while others have experienced twists and turns. However, we found a * * * sex: those women who are influenced by philosophy in our class are not beautiful (too beautiful girls are not suitable for studying philosophy because they have to meditate, and beautiful girls are too disturbed by reality to concentrate on their studies), but they don't complain about others and are unwilling to be mediocre. None of them became gossips. They can lose a lot in reality, but there is nothing to lose under any circumstances. Because they know how to cherish and enrich themselves, and keep learning, improving and perfecting themselves on the long road of life. I found a strange phenomenon. People think that the way of thinking and behavior of students who graduated from philosophy department are very boring. After many years, their feelings remain the same, their romance remains the same, and their personalities are more lively, plump and profound, or I think my classmates are more lovely.

1. Improving Life "Where can't be romantic in life"-Do we have the ability and mentality to be romantic?

We usually say that philosophy always complicates simple problems, and life has to simplify complex problems. Simplicity and complexity are the unity of opposites. Philosophy is the product of rationality, but rationality and romance are not contradictory at all. When people are young, they often pursue a poetic and imaginative life, which is called romance. Many young people think that as long as they are immersed in love, it is already the highest level of romance. So some people say that marriage is the grave of romance and love. In fact, this is a misunderstanding of romance. Romance is the pursuit of poetic and imaginative spiritual realm, and it is an important symbol that distinguishes human beings from animals. Romance belongs to everyone's different life stages in real life and belongs to everyone's deep characteristics of human nature. It not only exists in the stage of falling in love, but only in mutual love. Often when you are alone, you can show whether you have romantic feelings, the ability and mentality of romantic life. After all, we all came to this world alone, not in pairs, just like when we leave in the future, we all have to go on the road alone. So some people say that we came to this world at the beginning of pain, because every baby came to this world crying; The finish line was silent and everyone left silently. In this case, cultivating our own romantic feelings is an important prerequisite for our rich and colorful life rather than prosaic. When we appreciate the sunshine, can we feel warmth and hope? When enjoying the moonlight, can you feel quiet and refined? When you appreciate the ocean, can you appreciate the vastness of all the rivers? You can ask yourself, do you really understand romance? Romance is a realm, a refined feeling and a metaphysical spirit; It's not simply sending a bunch of roses to your girlfriend or the physical form of lovers walking before and after the flowers is the whole content of romance. But in reality, many people don't even have metaphysical form, let alone metaphysical spirit. Feuerbach once said that people must have material conditions to survive and spiritual conditions to live. Cultivating our romantic feelings at different stages of life is one of the conditions for us to improve our mental state.

I remember when I was telling my classmates about "aesthetics", I once said that there are two kinds of people who don't take an umbrella in rainy days. One kind of people don't have an umbrella to play with-forgetting to bring an umbrella, helpless; Another kind of person wants to experience the fun of rain without an umbrella, which is the romance of fun. The students were laughing their heads off at that time. Busy life and intense study often make us forget romance, walking and playing in the rain, and the feeling of rain floating on our faces and hearts. We usually say that nature is not short of beauty, but of discovery. This is the truth. When you are alone, do you have the pleasure of "until, raise my cup, I ask the bright moon, bring my shadow and let the three of us", which shows whether you can appreciate the loneliness and romance; Just like whether you can feel the romance of walking in the rain without an umbrella. "Leave the residual lotus to listen to the rain" and "Look at the moon in the flowers and water in the fog" are romantic artistic conception, while "The withered vine and the old tree are faint crows" and "One leaf falls and autumn comes" are sad romance. Life can't be romantic everywhere. The key lies in whether you have a clear mind and elegant feelings. I sometimes compare China's pop songs with Japanese pop songs, and the more I compare them, the more frustrated I get. Japan's "Spring in the Northland" and "Moon in the Desert City" conveyed obvious information about the charm of Tang and Song Dynasties, and I couldn't understand many popular songs in China at all. So some people say that China's pop song is "Love is singing all over the street, and all I can think about is money". In these lyrics, I can't find many literary aesthetic tastes and noble elegance and romance that should belong to our younger generation, only vulgar style. A person's taste and style are closely related to his spiritual pursuit and spiritual realm.

Romance needs ability and mentality, which has nothing to do with age and whether the experience is bumpy or not. But it has something to do with your literary taste and aesthetic accomplishment. Just as a person's taste in clothes has little to do with how many clothes you own, it is related to your aesthetic way of clothes and your attitude towards life. Whether appearance can make others feel beautiful is not only related to appearance and age, but also directly related to everyone's temperament, cultivation and behavior. It is very hot in summer in the south, and many men like to wear slippers in public under hot conditions. Some women can wear pajamas casually in public, or be sloppy. These are all behaviors that pollute other people's visual nerves. Of course, this is also a reflection of family education and cultural taste. It has nothing to do with the climate, but with your habits. If a person pays attention to the cultivation of this habit from an early age, it is not difficult to do it. As Hume said, habit is a great guide to life. Manners in daily life can reflect a person's habits and accomplishments. If you can't tell what is beautiful, what is not beautiful, what is elegant and what is vulgar in your daily life, what romantic feelings can you talk about?

2. Improve the connotation of your "beauty of human body and humanity"-inner beauty lasts longer than outer beauty.

College students are the pride of the times. Everything from thinking, talking to gestures should be beautiful. But how can we make our conduct become both internal and external, and everything is beautiful? This involves the relationship between external beauty and internal beauty, that is, the relationship between human beauty and human beauty.

The beauty of human body belongs to the category of natural beauty in terms of physiological state, but it is closely related to people's manners and temperament. The naturalness of human beauty includes physiology, biology, heredity and ecology, which we can't choose. We can't choose the objective existence of men and women, health and deformity, sound intelligence and mental retardation, height, fatness, skin color, hair color and facial features. Even the number of heredity and variation of each individual is different. These constitute the naturalness of human beauty. In the naturalness of human beauty, Bai Juyi described Yang Yuhuan as "looking back and smiling is charming, and the makeup of the sixth palace is gone" and "only the grace of heaven cannot be hidden"; People often use "clear water produces hibiscus, which is naturally carved" to describe the beauty of girls. Man is the soul of all things, and human beauty is an outstanding representative of natural beauty. The beauty of the human body is expressed through the natural factors of the human body. People's strength, skills and wisdom are expressed through their body shape, skin color, muscles and human movements, so our aesthetic standard has the viewpoint of "standing like Zhong Song and walking like the wind". Of course, the natural beauty of the human body contains artificial modification factors. The ubiquitous beauty salons send us a message: the beauty of boys' humanity is tall and straight, so there is a special market for growth stimulants and dwarf music; The beauty of girls' figure is slim curves and fair skin, so slimming and whitening cosmetics have become fashionable. But don't forget that everything should not be overdone, and it will be distorted if it is overdone. Handsome and tall boys are not as cheerful, confident, humorous, open-minded and attractive; It is counterproductive for girls to wear too much makeup, so that people don't know their true colors, because a fake face has no aesthetic feeling at all.

The beauty of appearance is often more important than people's manners. Grace is the grace and tolerance we have formed in our long-term life, which is closely related to people's ideological, cultural and moral cultivation. When a person is described as personable by others, it often refers not only to his appearance, but also to his manners. Let others feel like a spring breeze when they are in contact with you, which is what happens after the confrontation of mind, knowledge and thought. College students want to make everything better, that is, the combination of external natural appropriateness, cheerful self-confidence and internal humanistic quality, which is also the image of external quality of internal work that we often emphasize. Judging from people's manners and temperament, fooling around is not natural and unrestrained, smoking and swearing are not generous, selfish psychology is dark and not smart, and petty is not deep: