United States: There are 13 aircraft carriers, of which 9 are Nimitz-class nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, the latest one is Reagan, and the rest are conventional power carriers.
Russia: Only 1 aircraft carrier "Kuznetsov Admiral of the fleet" belongs to the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy.
Britain: There are three "Constant Victory" class conventional power carriers.
French: * * * 2, nuclear-powered aircraft carrier De Gaulle and conventional power aircraft carrier Kerry Duhamel Du Monceau.
Italian: garibaldi owns 1 light aircraft carrier, and is currently preparing to build 1 new aircraft carrier.
Japan: Quasi-carriers: two "Dayu" class amphibious landing command ships, and four quasi-carriers will be built.
Brazil: * * * * 2 conventional power carriers, 1 "Giant", and also purchased 1 "Fuxi" conventional power carriers from France.
Indian: Three conventional aircraft carriers, Viklandt, Vilat and Admiral of the fleet, gorshkov (USSR).
Thailand: 1 conventional power carrier "Jia Kriner Lubert".
Spanish: 1 conventional aircraft carrier "Prince asturias".
Nimitz-class aircraft carrier is the most powerful ocean ship in the world today, and it is a large nuclear-powered aircraft carrier exclusively owned by the US Navy. Its power is beyond the reach of any maritime opponent. It can be said that the Nimitz class aircraft carrier is the most representative member of the contemporary aircraft carrier family.
Nimitz class is the second generation aircraft carrier of the US Navy, all built by newport news Shipyard in eastern Virginia. So far, eight ships have been in service, and two more will join this prosperous family in the future. The general service conditions of *** 10 aircraft carrier are as follows:
1 "Chester w nimitz" (CVN-68) was started on1June 22nd, 968, launched on May 3rd, 972, and put into use on May 3rd, 975.
The second "dwight david eisenhower" (CVN-69) was started in August 1970, launched in August 1975, and launched in August1October1,1977.
The third "carl vinson" (CVN-70) was launched in June/KOOC-0/975, June/KOOC-0/KOOC-0/,March/KOOC-0/980 and June/KOOC-0/982.
The fourth "theodore roosevelt" (CVN-7 1) was started on198 10/0/0/0/3/0/0/0/day, and it was started on 1984/kloc.
No.5 "abraham lincoln" (CVN-72) was started on June 3rd 1984 and 165438, launched on February 3rd 1988, and put into service on June 3rd 1989.
No.6 "George Washington" (CVN-73) was started on August 25th, 1986 was launched on July 20th, 1990 was put into use on July 4th, 1992.
The 7th John C. Stennis (CVN-74) started on 1 991March 13, and was launched on19931month1day.
The 8th "Harry S. Truman" (CVN-75) was started on June 29th, 1993, 165438, launched on September 29th, 1996 and put into use on July 25th, 1998.
The 9th Ronald Reagan (CVN-76) started construction on February 9th, 1998, and is expected to enter service in 2002.
10 "Bush" (CVN-77) is expected to be started in 2003 and delivered in 2008.
Because the Nimitz class has been built for decades, there are some differences between ships, only one displacement. The standard displacement of the first three Nimitz ships is 8 1.600 tons, and the full-load displacement is 9 1.487 tons. The fourth Roosevelt ship has a full-load displacement of 96,386 tons, while the subsequent Lincoln ships and Lincoln ships. In addition, with the progress of science and technology, great changes have taken place in the equipment on board. Truman, for example, integrates the latest achievements of information technology, such as the large-scale use of optical cables to improve data transmission rate; Set up It-2 1 non-confidential LAN, connect computers, printers, photocopiers, tactical training systems of combat troops, ship picture reprocessing devices, digital comprehensive printing and comprehensive database to realize paperless office. The crew is also equipped with digital ID cards, and the take-off and landing equipment of carrier aircraft is also equipped with a TV monitoring system. The following data is based on the seventh Stannis of this class.
Stannis has a total length of 317m, a width of 40.8m, a draft of11.9m, a standard displacement of 79,973 tons, a full displacement of 10550 tons and a payload of 9,000 tons of jet fuel. Its flight deck is 332.9 meters long (inclined deck is 237.7 meters long) and 77.8 meters wide, covering an area of more than three football fields. The ship is divided into 9 floors above the hangar deck, of which 5 floors are in the island superstructure, and 8 floors below the hangar deck except the double deck. The whole ship is 76 meters high from keel to masthead, which is equivalent to 20 stories high.
The power plant of the "Si" ship consists of two A4W/A 1G pressurized water reactors and four steam turbines of General Electric Company. The thermal efficiency of the reactor is 25.6%. Each reactor drives two steam turbines with a total power of 260,000 HP and a maximum speed of 30 knots. The fuel can be used continuously for 15 years, and the endurance can reach 80- 1 10,000 nautical miles. It is equipped with the latest C- 13-2 catapults, two on the right-angle deck and two on the inclined deck. If four catapults are used at the same time, 1 minute can send eight planes into the sky. There are four arresting cables and 1 arresting nets in the inclined deck landing area, and the aircraft recovery interval is 35-40 seconds. The hangar is 208 meters long, 33 meters wide and about 8 meters high. It takes 15-20 minutes to transport the plane from the hangar to the deck and then take off. At present, it is equipped with the US "standard" carrier-based aircraft wing, with a total of about 80 aircraft, but it can carry 100 aircraft at most in an emergency.
The "Si" ship is equipped with three sets of "Sea Sparrow" ship-to-air missile launchers and four sets of "Dense Array" near defense systems. Its electronic equipment is SPS-49 (V) 5 and SPS-48e (V) (three-coordinate) radar; Marine SPS-67V radar: the navigation radar is LN-66; The fire control radar is MK-99. Electronic countermeasures are four MK-36 jamming chaff launchers and SLQ-36 towed torpedo bait.
The survivability of the "Si" ship is extremely strong. In addition to several longitudinal compartments, the hull also has 23 watertight transverse partitions and 10 fire partitions. The hull and deck are made of highly elastic steel, which can resist the attack of armor-piercing projectiles. Cabin systems are installed on both sides of the ship, and the top and sides of important parts such as ammunition depot and engine room are also equipped with Kevlar armor with a thickness of 63.5 mm. There are 30 damage control teams and foam fire extinguishing devices on board. Pump equipment can adjust the hull heeling by 65438 05 degrees within 20 minutes. "Si" has a crew of 5,984 people, including 2,800 pilots. There are 64 10 beds, 544 desks, 8 13 wardrobes, 924 bookshelves, 543 filing cabinets, 5,803 chairs and 298 14 lighting lamps. There are dozens of warehouses on board.
The combat capability of the "Si" ship is amazing. Its carrier-based aircraft can control thousands of kilometers of airspace and sea areas, and its own day and night maneuver is also 500 nautical miles. Its carrier-based aircraft can conduct combat patrols 24 hours a day and can dispatch more than 200 sorties every day. The proportion of its carrier-based aircraft can be adjusted at any time according to the actual situation to meet the needs of different combat missions.
Kitty Hawk-aircraft carrier-CV64 constellation, the second Kitty Hawk-class ship, was built by new york Naval Shipyard, started in September 1957, and was launched on October 8/1960, 19 1. The fire was destroyed during the construction. /kloc-0 was converted into a multi-purpose aircraft carrier on June 30, 975. Overhaul at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard from July 1990 to March 3 1993. It was originally planned to replace the Independence deployed in Japan with 1998, but it was found that its position was worse than that of Kitty Hawk. It is scheduled to be retired in 2003 and will be replaced by CVN 76.
Start date:1September, 95714th.
Date of launch: 1960 10.08.
Commencement date: 196 1 year1year1October 27th.
Crew: 3000 sailors and 2500 pilots.
Displacement: standard 6 1 170 tons, fully loaded with 82,580 tons.
Hull: 318.5m long and 39.5m wide.
Flight deck: 327 meters long and 76.8 meters wide.
Draft:10.8m.
Weapons and equipment:
3 sets of 8-pack "Sea Sparrow" ship-to-air missile launchers, 3 sets of "dense array" melee weapon systems, 4 sets of SRBOC electronic countermeasure bait launchers, 1 SLQ-36 towed bait, SPS-49 long-range air search radar, SPS- 10F surface search radar, TAS missile aiming system,
Carrier aircraft: 80
F- 14 Tomcat Fighter, F/A- 18 Hornet Fighter/Attack Aircraft, EA-6B Electronic Warfare Aircraft, E-2C Early Warning Aircraft, S-3 Anti-submarine Aircraft.
Power plant: 8 boilers and 4 steam turbines.
Propulsion power: 209,000 kW
Maximum speed: 30 knots
Constellation is manufactured by new york Naval Shipyard. During its construction, a fire broke out and it was seriously damaged. 1July 1990 to1March 1993, according to the plan to extend the service life of U.S. naval vessels, it was rebuilt at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. The service life is prolonged by about 15 years. It was originally planned to replace 1998 "Independence" air control carrier stationed in Japan, and it will be in service until 2008. Later, it was found that the hull and equipment were not very satisfactory, so the US Navy decided to shorten its service life and retired in 2003. It will be replaced by the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Reagan (CVN-76), which entered service in 2002. Nevertheless, the improved constellation is still one of the most popular ships in America. Equipped with advanced equipment such as global satellite communication system and automatic identification and tracking system.
American nuclear-powered aircraft carrier enterprise is the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier in the world. 1964, Enterprise made an unprecedented voyage around the world, which lasted 64 days without refueling and replenishment, and the total voyage exceeded 30,000 nautical miles, fully demonstrating the great endurance of nuclear power. Its design and construction have an important influence on the Nimitz class of the second generation nuclear-powered aircraft carrier in the United States. 1970, replacing nuclear fuel for the second time after sailing for 300,000 nautical miles. 1979—— 1982, the "enterprise" changed its nuclear fuel for the third time during its 38-month modernization modification. In the 1990s, the "enterprise" carried out modernization modification project and replaced nuclear fuel for the fourth time. After more than three years of engineering, 1995 was put into use again. The budgeted cost of Enterprise in fiscal year 1958 is 450 million US dollars, and it needs 64 million US dollars to fill nuclear fuel for the first time and 20 million US dollars to replace nuclear fuel. According to 1990 fiscal year, the latest modification project is allocated1400 million USD. The Enterprise was deployed in the Pacific Fleet during its service. During the Vietnam War, the aircraft on the Enterprise participated in the bombing of Vietnamese targets, which was the first time in history that a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier participated in the war.
Crew: 32 15, including officers171; Aviation personnel: 2,480, including 358 officers; Flagship personnel: 70 people, including 25 officers.
Light load displacement: 73,502 tons standard displacement: 75,700 tons full load displacement.
Full load displacement: 93,970 tons speed: 33 knots.
Main dimensions: total length: 342.3m, shape width: 40.5m, draft11.9m. Flight deck: length: 331.6m, width: 76.8m.
Power: 8 Westinghouse A2W PWR, 4 Westinghouse steam turbines, 209,000 kW; 4 emergency diesel engines, 8,000 kW, 4-axle speed: 33 knots.
Weapons: three 8-pack "puffin" and "puffin" ship-to-air missile launchers; 3 MK 15 dense array; 4 seats MK36-S-RBOC. Torpedo defense system for surface ships; Support/countermeasure of SLQ36 "Xie Ni" electro-acoustic jammer: operational data system of SLQ32(V)4 alarm, jamming and deception system; Naval Tactics and Advanced Operational Command System (ACDS 0); 4A, 1 1, 14, data link; Jiang 'an has installed JMCISJots, Post, CVIC, Tessum- 1 (V) 1, SSQ-82, Satellite Communications Department (Satcoms) SRR- 1, WSC-3 (UHF) 0 and WSC-6 (SHF). Kloc-0/ 3 directors of missile launch control system (MFCS), as a part of NATO Sea Sparrow (NSSMS)Mk57 air-to-air missile system, Thunder SPS49(V)5, C/D band, 250 nautical miles; Hughes)Mk23TAS, D, D band surface search: Norden SPN4 1, SPN43A, two SPN46, J/K/E/F band navigation: Thunder SPS64 (V) 9, Guye 900, I/F.
Ejector: C 13- 1 4 seats.
Aircraft: generally equipped with 20 F- 14 Tomcats, 36 F/A- 18 Hornets, 4 EA-6B Rangers, 4 E-2C Hawkeyes, 6 S-S.
Crew: 32 15, including officers171; 2,480 aviation personnel, including 358 officers; There are 70 flagship personnel, including 25 officers.
Cost per ship: USD 450 million (1958)
1911118. American pilot Eugene Yili boarded the aircraft carrier modified from the cruiser "Pennsylvania", indicating the arrival of the aircraft carrier era. The original aircraft carriers were all modified from cruisers with wooden flight decks. 19 18 The modified British aircraft carrier "Argos" has the same deck as the modern aircraft carrier. Britain has always been a leader in the design and construction of aircraft carriers. 192 1 year, they began to own three real aircraft carriers. For example, the inclined flight deck, the steam-powered aircraft catapult, the aircraft landing command system, and the vertical/short takeoff and landing technology of modern aircraft were all pioneered by the British.
Before World War II, the aircraft carrier was not the main battle weapon of the navy. At that time, the naval battle was dominated by other warships, and the aircraft carrier was just an aircraft platform on their side. After the outbreak of World War II, the aircraft carrier immediately showed its great power. There is a simple reason. At that time, the artillery range of ordinary warships was only 37 kilometers, while the aircraft range of aircraft carriers could reach 480 kilometers. Since then, in the carrier battle group, ordinary warships can only stay on one side of the carrier and play the role of fire support.
During World War II, the United States built and modified 100 aircraft carrier. In the Atlantic Ocean, the allied aircraft carrier is responsible for attacking German submarines and providing air protection for the fleet that transports troops and materials to the European battlefield. In the Pacific Ocean, there have been several large-scale contests between the American carrier fleet and the Japanese carrier fleet, such as the Battle of Coral Sea, the Battle of Midway Island and the Battle of the Philippines, which completely destroyed Japan's maritime military power. In the battle to seize several islands occupied by Japan, the aircraft carrier provided powerful air support for the landing troops.
Aircraft carrier is a powerful and highly mobile national defense and military force. Its existence and appearance itself is a deterrent. Because a large part of the world's oceans belong to the high seas, this gives the aircraft carrier a lot of room to move. A fleet of aircraft carriers and other ships can cruise on the high seas all over the world.
After World War II, the aircraft carrier has been exerting its strength. 195 1 the Korean war broke out in, and the aircraft carrier was the first military force in the United States to participate in the war. Aircraft carriers played an important role in the Vietnam War of 1959- 1975, the Gulf War of1990-199, and the Kosovo War of 1999.
Modern aircraft carriers mainly shoulder three major tasks:
1. Air attacks on land and sea targets, including conventional weapons and nuclear weapons.
2. Provide effective air protection for other ships and facilities at sea.
3. Coordinated anti-submarine warfare.
There are two main types of modern aircraft carriers, one is the large aircraft carrier of ordinary jet aircraft, and the other is the light aircraft carrier of helicopters and V/STOL aircraft. Their main difference lies in size and firepower. Large aircraft carriers are huge, and some also use nuclear-powered propulsion systems. For example, the Nimitz-class nuclear-powered aircraft carrier in the United States has a total length of 335 meters, a width of 77 meters and a weight of about 83,000 tons. The ship carries more than 6,000 men and women and more than 80 high-performance aircraft. Although these large aircraft carriers have high military value, they are also very expensive.
There are only about 40 aircraft carriers in service in the world, including 24 in the US Navy. It takes about five years to build a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier like the United States, and the cost is as high as $4 billion. Not all countries can afford it. Many countries tend to choose smaller light aircraft carriers. Its length is about 150-2 10 meter, and its weight is about 10000- 15400 tons, which can be used by 15-25 aircraft. Most light aircraft carriers use anti-submarine helicopters and 6- 10 V/STOL combat aircraft like AV-8B Harrier.
"Langley" is the first modern aircraft carrier in the United States, with a length of150m and a weight of 20,000 tons. The United States has the largest number of aircraft carriers in the world, and the US Navy has 12 large aircraft carriers, each carrying about 86 combat aircraft. In addition, there are 12 aircraft carriers that can be used for amphibious operations. They are larger than light aircraft carriers and smaller than large aircraft carriers. They are about 257 meters long and weigh 36,000 tons, and can carry 900 people. These aircraft carriers can carry 1800 landing troops, 25 helicopters and 15 Harrier V/STOL aircraft.
The Soviet Union has one aircraft carrier Kuznetsov and four light aircraft carriers. All four light aircraft carriers were retired. The aircraft carrier Kuznetsov is now owned by Russia. It is 300 meters long and weighs 59,000 tons, carrying 50 combat aircraft. Unlike the American aircraft carrier, it has 12 powerful cruise missiles, which are used to attack enemy ships.
The French have two medium-sized aircraft carriers, Fauci and Kerry Duhamel Du Monceau, with a captain140m, which can carry 40 aircraft. The French nuclear-powered medium-sized aircraft carrier "De Gaulle" is on trial flight and is expected to be delivered to the navy in 2000.
Britain has three invincible light aircraft carriers. They are also planning to build several more ships at the beginning of 2 1 century.
Italy and Spain each have a light aircraft carrier. These two aircraft carriers are the smallest in the world, only 150 meters long and weighing about 10000 tons.
India also has two aircraft carriers purchased from Britain in the 1980s (one of which was retired at 1997). Although it is old, it can also provide some air protection for the Indian navy. Recently, they announced that they would build a new aircraft carrier.
Argentina once had an aircraft carrier. The aircraft carrier named "May 25th" purchased from Britain was dismantled in199965438+1October because it was too old.