Eight poems are a complete movement, with patriotic thoughts of worrying about the rise and fall of the country as the theme, bleak autumn in Kuifu, the poet's sick old age, wandering life experiences, especially the heavy mood of caring about the safety of the motherland as the keynote, interspersed with relaxed and happy lyrics. Each capital expresses the author's thoughts and feelings from different angles with unique expression techniques.
The full-text translation of Du Fu's Eight Poems Selected in Autumn (Du Fu)
one
Maple trees gradually withered and damaged under the erosion of dew in late autumn, and Wushan and Wuxia were also shrouded in bleak and gloomy fog. The waves in Wuxia Gorge are monstrous, and the dark clouds above seem to be pressing on the ground, and the world is gloomy. It has been two years since the flowers bloomed. Looking at the blooming flowers and thinking that I haven't been home for two years, I can't help crying. The ship is still tied to the shore. Although I can't go back to the East and wander outside, my heart is always tied to my hometown. We are rushing to make clothes to keep out the cold in winter, and the anvil knocking on cold clothes in Baidicheng is as tight as a crack. It seems that another year has passed, and my yearning for my hometown has become more dignified and deeper.
Secondly,
The sunset has ushered in the high city of Kuizhou. Whenever the Big Dipper appears at night, I follow its direction to find Chang 'an. I really shed tears when I heard the ape crying in the martial arts. I also hope to return to my hometown by drifting if, but this wish has finally failed. I still remember that when I was watching the vigil in the left courtyard of the palace, I stayed up late to write some seals of the Ming Dynasty and lit incense on the case. But now I don't work there. Stay here and hear the sadness blowing from the rostrum in the evening, and a hidden sadness rises to my heart. Look, the rocks are covered with vines. When the moon just rose, the moonlight shone on the vines, but now it has shone on the reeds by the river. I stayed up all night, thinking about Chang 'an.
third
Thousands of families in Baidicheng quietly bathed in the autumn sunrise. I go upstairs by the river every day and sit and look at the green peaks opposite. The fisherman who stayed on the boat for two nights in a row is still rowing in the river. Although it is clear autumn, swallows still spread their wings and fly around. Kuang Heng of the Han Dynasty remonstrated with the emperor who despised his reputation. Liu Xiang taught Confucian classics, and it didn't work. The ancients still had it, so I don't have to say it. When I was young, most of my classmates who studied together had already achieved a lot. They live a rich life in Wuling near Chang 'an, wearing light fur and riding fat horses, but I am destined to cross the world for a belief.
Fourth.
It is said that Chang 'an politics is like an unfinished chess game. It is endless sorrow to reflect on the turmoil and exile experienced by countries and individuals. With the change of the world and the turmoil of the current situation, the national luck is not what it used to be. The house of princes changed hands, eunuchs were in power, and good ministers and good looks even became a bubble. The central regulations, cultural relics and systems have all been abandoned, and I have been forgotten politically. Uighur invasion, Guanshan horn thunder, soldiers waved; With the invasion of Tubo, the horses that sent messages galloped at full speed. Under the condition of the country's ruin, Qiu Jiang is cold, and the life experience is miserable. The old life in Chang 'an is often presented in nostalgia.
Fifth.
Day after day, Daming Palace looked at Zhong Nanshan from a distance, but could not see it. Those hermits who live in the depths, dew and jade scraps, have been absorbed and drunk by them. The bluebird reported that the Queen Mother of the West had come from Yaochi, and the purple air was pervasive. I rode an ox westward. I remember that when the pheasant-tailed fan opened and closed upwards, it moved backwards like Xiangyun, and the sun bathed the temple, which made me see Xuanzong's face clearly. I remember when I was in class, I was in high spirits under the green door. Now, the disease is killing time mercilessly ... autumn is getting deeper and deeper.
Sixth.
Familiar with a separation of time and space, Qutangxia and Qujiangtou, the distance is infinitely shortened by the mind. Fifteen years ago, I wrote "Le Garden Song", and Calyx Building and Furong Garden are vividly in my mind. An Lushan's iron hoof made everything disappear. At that time, the orioles in the pavilion were still flying high, and the people in Bai Ou were startled by the tourists' boats. -Now, everything is gone, nothing ... nothing to miss.
Seventh.
Looking back, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once trained sailors in Kunming Pool, beating drums and waving flags in the wind. The weaver girl carved in stone in the pool failed to live up to the beautiful night, and only huge whales would dance with the autumn wind in the thunderstorm. Rice bushes in the waves are like dark clouds, lotus seeds are covered and safflower falls. I want to fly freely in the sky of Qin like a bird, but the reality is that I am trapped in the Leng Jiang, fishing silently.
Eighth.
From Chang 'an to Beilin, through Kunwu and Su Yu, Zige Peak shines on Zhong Nanshan. I miss the fragrant rice and Wu Bi all the way, attracting parrots and phoenixes in the harvest season ... When spring comes, graceful ladies will pick flowers and give them away, and their friends will still leave at dusk, unwilling to return. In the past, I could use words to dig through the dark wells of the times and drink the sweetness of mountains and rivers. Now I can only surround the water source in my memory and touch its silent twilight.
Creation background
Eight Poems in Autumn is a set of seven-character poems written by Du Fu when he was in Kuizhou in the autumn of the first year of Tang Dali (766). It is named "Qiu Rong" because of autumn. In the second year of Tang Suzong Gan Yuan (759), Du Fu abandoned his official position, and it has been seven years since then. War is frequent, the country has no peace, and the people have no fixed place to live. When this autumn wind blows on Xiao Sa, he is inevitably moved by the scene before him. Because I wrote this set of poems.
The Anshi Rebellion, which lasted for eight years, ended in the first year of Guangde (763). Tubo and Uighur took advantage of the situation and the buffer region took over the army. Because of the war, it was difficult to revive the Tang Dynasty. When Yanwu died, Du Fu lost his livelihood in Chengdu, so he went downstream and stayed in Kuizhou. The poet was ill in his later years, his intimate friends were scattered, his ambition was hard to pay, and his mood was very lonely and depressed.
Appreciation of Du Fu's Eight Poems Selected in Autumn (Du Fu)
This group of poems "Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity" combines the gloomy autumn colors and sad autumn sounds of Kuizhou, the bitter situation of old age and illness, the deep affection for the destiny of the country, the tragic desolation and the profound artistic conception. It is a group of seven-character poems with eight consecutive sentences, which is closely structured and lyrical, and embodies the poet's thoughts, feelings and artistic achievements in his later years.
The title of "Autumn Prosperity" means to feel excited about autumn. This xing, that is, the so-called "xing" of "Fu Bi Xing" in the Book of Songs, which was said by Han Confucianism in the past (four tones should be silent). In Jin Dynasty, Pan Yue wrote "Autumn Prosperity Fu", which is also a work of feeling autumn prosperity. However, the genre of Qiu Xing Fu belongs to Ci Fu. Du Fu's Eight Poems in Autumn is a rhythmic poem and a new poetic style in Tang Dynasty. As far as its creative achievements and influence on later generations are concerned, Du Fu's Eight Poems in Autumn is certainly not as good as Pan Yue's Eight Poems in Autumn.
The structure of Eight Poems in Autumn can be divided into two parts, with the fourth poem as the transition. The first three songs are detailed in Kuizhou, slightly in Chang 'an, and the last five songs are detailed in Chang 'an, slightly in Kuizhou; The first three songs are about Kuizhou Changan, and the last five songs are about Kuizhou Changan. The first three songs evoke memories from reality, and the last five songs return to reality from memories. As for the first song, which is also the beginning and end of the film, I can't move for a certain time. Eight songs are like one. Eight poems, well-organized, well-organized, should not be opened, should not be reversed. On the whole, judging from Kuizhou, where the poet lived, he was associated with Chang 'an. Wandering from the old days to the river, facing the gloomy scenery, lamenting the rise and fall of the country and personal experience; Based on the recollection of Chang 'an's victory in the prosperous times, it comes down to the poet's lonely situation in reality and the sadness of comparison between the past and the present. This kind of worry can not be regarded as an accidental trigger of Du Fu, but a concentrated expression of his concern for the country, the people and the country since the chaos. Seeing that the country is ruined, but unable to make a difference, the poet can't bear to say it clearly, nor can he say it all. That's why he looked at Chang 'an and wrote Chang 'an, lamenting tactfully and repeatedly.
In order to understand the structure of this group of poems, it is necessary to explain their contents briefly. The first poem is the prelude to a series of poems. Through the image description of autumn scenery's autumn sound in Wuxia, Wushan, the gloomy and turbulent environment atmosphere is set off, which makes people feel that autumn scenery's autumn sound is shocking and shocking, and expresses the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and the people, loneliness and depression. This song is straight to the point, lyrical, majestic and strong. Poetry is reflected in two sentences, "Two flowers in a clump of chrysanthemums shed tears day after day, and a lonely boat is the heart of hometown", and the second and third songs were opened. The second poet is in an isolated city, sitting from sunset to midnight, looking at the north, staying up all night, should be the first. The last two sentences focus on Qiu Jiang, who is in his twilight years, constantly fighting and suffering from illness. He is in Jiannan and has a deep attachment to the north, showing his strong nostalgia for Chang 'an. The third song is about Kuifu in the morning, which is an extension of the second song. The poet sits alone at the bottom of the river every day. The autumn is crisp and the river is quiet, but this silence has troubled the author. Faced with all kinds of contradictions, I deeply sigh that things in life backfire. The fourth poem is a transition from front to back. The melancholy and anxiety of the first three poems are getting closer and closer, which reveals its central content and touches the core of "every Beidou Wangjinghua": Chang 'an struggles for this and that, like "playing chess", which is uncertain again and again. The change of personnel, the collapse of law and discipline, the successive invasion of Uighur and Tubo made the poet deeply feel that the national fortune is not what it used to be. For Du Fu, Chang 'an is not an abstract geographical concept. He lived in the political center of the Tang Dynasty for ten years, and was deeply impressed by his attachment, admiration, laughter, and the anguish of "hiding sorrow and hiding sorrow" everywhere. The country is ruined, Qiu Jiang is cold and silent, and familiar Chang 'an scenes emerge one by one. Choose the following four songs from the sentence "My home is peaceful and thoughtful". The fifth song depicts the majestic Chang 'an Palace, the solemnity of the early scenes, and my "honored" memories so far. When Cangjiang fell ill, it was already late autumn, which touched his feelings of worrying about the country. The sixth song is about the prosperity of Qujiang, a place where emperors used to sing and dance. The imperial pleasure feast attracted endless "worries", singing and dancing, ruined the "ancient imperial country", and implied reprimand in infinite regret. The seventh memory of Chang 'an Kunming Pool shows the prosperous national strength, magnificent scenery and rich products in the Tang Dynasty. The eighth poem shows the poetic sentiments of the poets Kunwu, Su Yu and Sepi. "Crayons used to draw the weather" is even more unforgettable.
Eight poems are an inseparable whole, just like a large lyric music with eight movements. The theme of this lyric song is the patriotic thought of worrying about the rise and fall of the country, and the keynote is the bleak autumn scenery of Quiff, the poet's sick old age, the lost life experience, and especially the heavy mood of caring about the safety of the motherland. In the meantime, there are lively and cheerful lyrical expressions, such as "the beauty asks each other when she meets Cui Chun, and the fairy couple moves in the same boat late"; There are magnificent flying and passionate descriptions, such as memories of Chang' an Palace Que and Kunming Pool Water; There are generous expressions of grief and indignation, such as "many students and teenagers are not cheap, and the five tombs are light and fat"; There are extremely gloomy hymns, such as "A bird in the sky leads the way, and the rivers and lakes are full of fishermen" and "Bald singing overlooking". In expressing the poet's loneliness and anxiety, its tone is different. "The waves between the river and the sky are rough, and the clouds are covered with fog." Write sadness boldly and broadly; "Faithful fisherman is still ambiguous, swallows fly in the clear autumn", and writes the uneasy mood of "cutting constantly, reasoning is still chaotic" with beauty and tranquility. In a word, each capital in the eight poems expresses the thoughts and feelings of the keynote from different angles with its own unique expression techniques. The eight songs support each other and form a whole. This not only makes the whole lyric complex and rich, but also cadences, opens and closes well and highlights the theme.
original work
Eight Poems of Qiu Xing
one
Yulu withered maple forest, Wushan Wuxia bleak.
Between the river and the sky, the waves are rough and the clouds are covered with fog.
Cong Ju shed tears the other day. She was alone in the boat.
Cold clothes push knives and rulers everywhere, and Baidicheng is anxious.
Secondly,
The ancient city of Kuifu has an oblique sunset, and it always relies on Beidou Wangjing Hua.
Listen to the ape shed three tears, and let Xu follow August.
Draw an incense burner and lean on a pillow, and the mountain floor hides sorrow.
Look at the vines on the stone, which have reflected the flowers in front of the continent.
third
Chung Shan Man is here, Claire Kuo, and every day, Jiang Lou sits in the green.
The fisherman in the lodge is still ordinary, and the swallow flies in the clear autumn.
Kuang Heng's resistance to fame and fortune is weak, and Liu Xiangchuan's heart has been violated.
Students and teenagers are not cheap, and the five tombs are light and fat.
Fourth.
It is said that if Chang 'an plays chess, the world will be sad for a hundred years.
The houses of princes have all changed their owners, and the clothes of civil servants and military commanders are not the same as in the past.
Straight north Guanshan golden drum vibration, levy west chariots and horses feather book chi.
The fish and dragons are lonely, and the autumn is cold, so the country is peaceful and thoughtful.
Fifth.
Penglai Palace Que faces Nanshan, with dewdrops between golden stems and Korean smiles.
Looking at Yaochi in the west and the Empress Dowager in the east, there are many kinds of customs.
Clouds move to Gongshan, and the sun goes around Longlin to know the holy face.
A man lying by the Cangjiang River surprised me at the end of the year and went to Qingsuo for classes several times.
Sixth.
Qutang Xiakou Qujiang Tou, Wan Lifeng smoke meets Su Qiu.
Calyx clamped the city to control the air, and Furong Xiao Yuan entered the customs.
Pearl curtain embroidered column encircles oriole, and brocade rope tooth wall rises from Bai Ou.
Looking back at the difference between song and dance venues, Qin Zhong has been a country of emperors since ancient times.
Seventh.
Kunming Chishui Han Shigong was a target in the eyes of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
Jathyapple weaver silk empty, autumn wind stone whale scales move.
The waves are floating, the rice is dark, and the lotus room is pink.
There are only birds in the sky, and the rivers and lakes are full of fishermen.
Eighth.
Kunwu's imperial house is winding, and the sub-grid is cloudy.
The fragrant rice pecked at the parrot's grain, and the branches of the old phoenix perched in Wu Bi.
Beauty meets Cui Chun and asks questions, while the fairy couple moves late in the same boat.
The crayons used to dry up, and the white heads sang softly.
Sentence annotation
1. Yulu: The frost dew in autumn is called jade because it is white. Wilt: withered and decaying plants.
2. Wushan Wuxia: refers to the Yangtze River and gorge in Kuizhou (now Fengjie). Xiao Sen: Bleak and gloomy.
The sky is surging: the waves are as high as the sky.
4. plug: refers to Wushan. Ground qi and yin: clouds cover the ground. "Grounding gas" is also called "everywhere".
5. Two bloom flowers: Du Fu was in Yun 'an last autumn and in Kuizhou this autumn. It has been two autumns since he left Chengdu, so the cloud "bloom twice". The word "open" is a pun, which means that the chrysanthemums are open and the tears are open. Another day: the past refers to the hard years of these years.
6. Hometown: This refers to Chang 'an.
7. Pushing knife ruler: refers to cutting winter clothes. "everywhere" is something that everyone has.
8. Bai Di: Fengjie City today is on the mountain on the north bank of the upper mouth of Qutang Gorge, facing Kuimen across the river. Anvil: the sound of clothes rushing at dusk. Anvil: a stone used to smash clothes. Anvil: the sound of clothes rushing at dusk. Anvil, stone.
9. Kuizhou Prefecture: Kuizhou is located in the Tang Dynasty, and Fengjie is the state where the government office is located, so it is called Kuizhou.
10. Jinghua: refers to Chang 'an.
1 1. Check: Raft.
12. Painting province: refers to Shangshu province.
13. Mountain Building: Baidicheng Building.
14. Cuiwei: Castle Peak.
15. Xinsu: Stay.
16. Kuang Heng: Ziya Gui, Han nationality. Anti-sparseness: refers to the fact that the courtiers resist the monarch's orders or the court's resolutions, and they are extremely remonstrant.
17. Liu Xiang: Zi Zizheng, a scholar in Han Dynasty.
18. Light fertilizer: light fur, fat horse. "The Analects of Confucius Yongye": "Red makes Ye Qi ride a fat horse and wear light clothes."
19. Wen Dao: I heard. Du Fu has been away from Beijing for a long time, so he has heard about it because of the inconvenience of political changes in the imperial court. Like playing chess: it means that the political situation in Chang 'an changes repeatedly like playing chess, and the situation is unknown.
20. Centennial: refers to a lifetime. These two sentences are Du Fu's lament about the changes in the current situation he has experienced, which is as unpredictable and sad as playing chess.
Brief introduction of the author
Du fu (7 12~770), with beautiful words, tried to call himself "Shaoling night old". Take Jinshi as an example. He used to be a foreign minister in the school department, so he was called Du Gongbu internationally. He is the greatest realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. After the Song Dynasty, he was honored as a "poet saint" and called "Du Li" with Li Bai. His poems boldly exposed the social contradictions at that time and expressed deep sympathy for the poor people. Many excellent works show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, which is called "the history of poetry". In art, he is good at using various forms of poetry, especially rhythmic poetry; Various styles, mainly depression; Refined language with high expressive force. There are more than 1400 poems, including Du Gongbu Collection.