"Huainanzi Lan Mingxun" said: "You invited the elixir of life to the Queen Mother of the West, and Heng E sneaked to the moon and returned disappointed." "Lingxian" records: "Chang 'e married a wife, stole the elixir of immortality from the Western Queen Mother, and went to the moon. ..., Chang 'e entrusted herself to the moon for toad. " Or the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon lives in Guanghan Palace, accompanied by Yutu and WU GANG. Li Shangyin has a poem: "The mica screen is deeply shaded by candles, and the long river is gradually sinking. Chang 'e should regret stealing the elixir. The sky is blue and the night is night. "A Textual Research on Phonology by Bi Yuan in Qing Dynasty, Chang 'e's predecessor was Chang 'e, who was born in October. Gu Jiegang wrote about the evolution of Chang 'e story.
In Taoism, Chang 'e is the moon god, also known as the king of the moon and stars. Taoism regards the moon as the essence of yin, and is honored as Huang Huasu, the fairy queen of Yuan Zhen, or Taiyin Emperor of the Moon Palace who is filial to wise kings, and is a female idol.
outline
Chang 'e is the daughter of Di Ku and the wife of Hou Yi. Extraordinary beauty. According to legend, Hou Yi was a sharpshooter under Emperor Yao (some people say he was a sharpshooter under Emperor Tian). "Huai Nan Zi Lan Mingxun" said that Hou Yi invited an elixir from the Queen Mother of the West, and Chang 'e stole this elixir and became a fairy. She involuntarily flew to the Moon Palace, where she spent endless lonely years. After Chang 'e rose to the Moon Palace, she lived in the bleak and indifferent Guanghan Palace and missed Hou Yi. Her mood and life have made many literati feel and daydream.
Different legends
"Zhu Nanzi Ming Lan Xun": "I invited the fairy medicine to the Queen Mother of the West, and Heng E stole it to go to the moon. She was disappointed and could not continue." Induce height; "Heng E, yi wife; Yi invited the elixir of life to the Queen Mother of the West, who refused to take it. Heng E stole the fairy and went to the middle of the month to be a moon essence. " The Book of Beginners quoted the ancient edition of Zhu Nanzi, and under the sentence "Heng E stole the moon", there was also the word "entrusted the moon as a toad, but for the essence of the moon" 12, which was removed from this edition. Heng E is Chang 'e, who was born on the 12th of the month, as recorded in Shan Hai Jing Huang Da Xi Jing. The ancient sound was pronounced as e, and gradually evolved into Chang 'e who ran to the moon. There are two notes in Selected Works that quote "Returning to Tibet", both of which say that Chang 'e took the elixir of life and went to the moon. The myth of knowing Chang 'e has been circulated since ancient times, and it did not begin with Zhunanzi. Zhuang Jiyun is quoted in the Collection of Great Lies in the Quasi-South: "Heng E, all the books remain unchanged, except the Yilin family, which is quoted in the anthology as unchanged. The quasi-southern king should be cautious and constant, not constant. He suspects that Yilin is also true. " Emperor Wen of Han kept his name unchanged, knowing that Heng E was an unchanging moth, and unchanging meant unchanging. "Jie Ji" also quoted Hong as saying: "Words have no words, which were made by later generations."
Folklore is slightly different. Generally speaking, Chang 'e ate the elixir that her husband begged the Queen Mother of the West and flew to the Moon Palace. Qiong Yu, on the other hand, can't stand the cold at the top, and the so-called "Chang 'e should regret stealing the elixir, and the blue sky and the dark night heart" is a portrayal of her feelings of silence. Chang 'e confided her remorse to her husband and said, "I can't come down at ordinary times, but tomorrow is the full moon." You make pills out of flour, round like a full moon, put them in the northwest of the house, and then keep calling my name. By midnight, I can go home. " The next day, do as his wife says, and then the fruit of Chang 'e flies from the middle of the month and the husband and wife reunite. This is also the custom of making moon cakes for Chang 'e in Mid-Autumn Festival. The picture of Chang 'e, which shows this plot, expresses the world's yearning for a happy and happy life.
Legend 1
Chang 'e turned out to be a beautiful and kind village girl. She is hardworking, simple, lively and lovely, especially with a heart as bright as gold. She always tries her best to do good for the people. Chang 'e had a lover named Hou Yi, who was an archer.
One day, Chang 'e and several good girlfriends were washing clothes by the river near the village. Unexpectedly, Hebo, an idle river god, wandered here. He was shocked by nature when he saw Chang 'e's gesture of sinking fish and falling geese. He wiped his face and became a handsome young man. He went over to talk to Chang 'e, and Chang 'e saw that he was up to no good, and hurried away, while Hebo showed a ferocious face and tried to snatch Chang 'e into the water. At this critical moment, Hou Yi arrived. When he saw it, his knife-shaped eyebrows bristled with anger and he was furious. He drew his bow and arrow and shot herb in the eye with a whoosh. Hebo let out a cry and jumped into the river in unbearable pain.
After this incident, Chang 'e and Hou Yi were afraid of sleeping, so they got married early. After marriage, the two lived happily. Of course, they are not completely immersed in the happiness of their small families. Two kind hearts always want to do something good for the villagers.
One year, ten suns appeared in the sky and the earth caught fire. People can't farm, can't live, and are in the disaster of extinction. Hou Yi was determined to shoot nine suns to save the people in from the mire. He sweats every day and practices shooting hard. However, Hebo hated his guts and harassed him constantly. He vowed to avenge his death, but also wanted to get back the beautiful woman Chang 'e, whom he had always coveted. To this end, Hou Yi was very upset and upset.
One day, a big fairy gave Hou Yi a fairy medicine and kindly told him that Hebo was eager for revenge and that he would face a catastrophe. If he takes this pill, he can get rid of all the sufferings and troubles in the world and ascend to the Moon Palace. However, first of all, we must be able to bear the pain of loneliness. After hearing this, Hou Yi returned home in fear and trembling, told Chang 'e exactly what Xian said, and fell asleep wearily.
The speaker has no intention, but the listener has intention. Chang 'e fidgeted. She walked around the room, looking at her husband who was getting thinner every day, and her heart was very painful. She loved Hou Yi deeply and never wanted him to suffer anything. But she thought that her husband still shoulders the heavy responsibility of shooting down nine suns, and the villagers who are suffering from barbecue need him to save them. Chang 'e knows very well that Hebo's threats to her husband all originate from herself. Hebo still hasn't given up on her. She will do anything to get her. What should she do? Chang 'e thought and thought, and suddenly, an idea flashed through her mind: in order to let Herb give up, to let her husband get rid of all distractions and interference, and to shoot down nine suns and serve the people wholeheartedly, she was determined to sacrifice herself. After making up her mind, she quickly found the elixir of life and swallowed it.
After a while, Hou Yi woke up. He found Chang 'e absent-minded and her face was glowing with magical red light. He was very surprised and felt ominous. Chang 'e looked at her husband affectionately. Knowing that time with him was running out, she tearfully told him to take good care of herself and begged him to forgive her for not being a wife. Before the words were finished, Chang 'e felt a trance and suddenly became lighter. Then, her feet really flew off the ground. When she flew into the sky, she turned and shouted, "Hou Yi, my good husband, farewell! Take care! "
Chang 'e rose slowly and flew into the lonely and desolate Guanghan Palace in the Moon Palace, becoming a fairy in the Moon Palace. However, there are no relatives, no laughter, only a lovely jade rabbit snuggling up, only WU GANG, who is always chopping down the laurel tree but always can't.
Since Chang 'e sacrificed herself and flew to the Moon Palace, Hou Yi turned pain and melancholy into strength. Knowing that what his wife did was for herself and the people, Hou Yi was deeply moved and encouraged. He practiced archery day and night, and finally defeated Herb's challenge, shooting down nine suns harmful to life and saving mankind. With the joy of the world, the villagers live a peaceful and peaceful life.
Emperor Tiandi was also moved by Chang 'e and Hou Yi who sacrificed their spirits for the happiness of the villagers. Later, he named Hou Yi a heavenly general and reunited them on the Mid-Autumn Festival. From then on, Chang 'e and Hou Yi lived a happy life in heaven. At the same time, the Emperor of Heaven also stipulated that the moon should be 15/ 1 1 every month, so as to wish a full moon and a peaceful night.
Legend 2
According to legend, Hou Yi and Chang 'e were both Yao people. According to the myth, during the Yao period, ten suns appeared in the sky at the same time, scorching the land and drying the crops. People are breathless and unconscious. Due to the hot weather, some strange birds and animals also ran out from the dry rivers and lakes and the fiery forests, causing harm to people everywhere.
The human disaster alarmed the gods in heaven, and the heavenly emperor Chang Jun ordered Hou Yi, who was good at archery, to come down to earth to help Yao get rid of the people's suffering. Hou Yi came to the world with a red bow, a bag of white arrows and his beautiful wife Chang 'e.
Hou Yi immediately started shooting at the sun. He took the red bow from his shoulder, took out the white arrows and shot them at his arrogant grandson one by one. In an instant, nine out of ten suns were shot. It was only because Yao thought that leaving a grandson was useful to the people that Hou Yi was prevented from continuing shooting. This is the story of the famous Houyi Shooting Day.
However, Hou Yi's great achievements were envied by other gods, who went to the Heaven Emperor to spread rumors and slander, so that the Heaven Emperor finally alienated Hou Yi and sentenced him to the world forever. After being wronged, Hou Yi and his wife Chang 'e had to live in seclusion and hunt for a living by Hou Yi.
How did Chang 'e fly to the moon? There are different versions in ancient books. According to Huai Nan Zi, Hou Yi sympathized with his wife who was exiled to the world because of her troubles, and went to the Queen Mother of the West to ask for the medicine of immortality, so that the husband and wife could live in harmony forever. However, Chang 'e is not used to living a poor life. When Hou Yi was not at home, she stole all the pills and fled to the moon. Another way of saying this is Qu Yuan's Tian Wen (about 340 years ago), saying that Hou Yi later cheated on Chang 'e and had an affair with Hebo's wife, which caused Chang 'e's great dissatisfaction and left Hou Yi for heaven. After the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, I soon regretted it. She remembered her husband's kindness to her at ordinary times and the warmth of the world. Compared with the loneliness on the moon, she felt desolate.
Legend 3
According to legend, one year in ancient times, ten suns appeared in the sky, which made the earth smoke and the ocean dry up, and ordinary people could no longer live.
This incident alarmed a hero named Hou Yi. He climbed to the top of Kunlun Mountain, drew his bow and shot down nine redundant suns in one breath.
Hou Yi has made great achievements in the world and is respected and loved by the people. Many people with lofty ideals come here to study and be teachers. The treacherous and cunning Meng Peng also mixed in.
Soon, Hou Yi married a beautiful and kind wife named Chang 'e. Besides hunting, Hou Yi spends all his time with his wife, and people envy this beautiful and loving couple.
One day, Hou Yi went to Kunlun Mountain to visit friends and seek truth. He happened to meet the Queen Mother passing by and asked her for a bag of elixir. It is said that taking this medicine can immediately ascend to heaven.
However, Hou Yi was reluctant to leave his wife, so he had to temporarily give the elixir to Chang 'e. Chang 'e hid the medicine in the dresser's treasure chest, but Meng Peng saw it.
Three days later, Hou Yi led his entourage out hunting, while Meng Peng with ulterior motives pretended to be ill.
Shortly after Hou Yi led the crowd to leave, Meng Peng broke into the backyard of the back room with a sword in his hand, threatening Chang 'e to hand over the elixir.
Chang 'e knew that she was no match for Meng Peng. In times of crisis, she made a decisive decision, turned around and opened the treasure chest, took out the elixir and swallowed it in one gulp.
Chang 'e swallowed the medicine and immediately floated off the ground, rushed out of the window and flew into the sky. Because Chang 'e was worried about her husband, she flew to the nearest moon and became a fairy.
In the evening, when Hou Yi came home, the maids cried and told what happened during the day. Hou Yi was surprised and angry, and drew his sword to kill the villain. Meng Peng has escaped. I was so angry that Hou Yi beat his chest and shouted. The grief-stricken Hou Yi looked up at the night sky and called the name of his beloved wife. At this time, he was surprised to find that today's moon is particularly bright and bright, with a swaying figure resembling Chang 'e.
Hou Yi hurriedly sent someone to Chang 'e's favorite back garden, set up a table sweetmeats, put on her favorite honey-eating fresh fruit, and offered a memorial service to Chang 'e at the Moon Palace.
After hearing the news that the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon became an immortal, people set up an incense table under the moon and prayed for good luck and peace to the kind Chang 'e. Since then, the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival in Yue Bai has spread among the people.
Legend 4
Mid-Autumn Festival, Spring Festival and Dragon Boat Festival are the three traditional festivals with the longest history and the most national characteristics in China. On Mid-Autumn Festival, families usually get together, eat moon cakes and fruits, and enjoy the bright moon. The following is a story about Mid-Autumn Festival.
Chang 'e is the god of the moon, and her husband Hou Yi is a brave and good warrior. His bow and arrow hit every shot. At that time, there were many birds of prey and beasts in the world, which harmed others and themselves. When the Emperor of Heaven learned of this situation, he sent Hou Yi down to earth to destroy these harmful things.
Hou Yi came to the world with his beautiful wife, Chang 'e, at the behest of God. Because of his bravery, Hou Yi wiped out many harmful animals on the land without much effort. When the task was about to be completed, something unexpected appeared: ten suns appeared in the sky at the same time!
The ten suns are all sons of the Emperor of Heaven. They all appeared in the sky at the same time just for mischief. The earth's temperature suddenly rose, forests and crops caught fire, rivers dried up and people were roasted to death everywhere.
Hou Yi couldn't bear to see the disaster of the people, so he coaxed the ten suns to act alone and take turns to come out one every day. However, the arrogant Sun Shi brothers simply ignored Hou Yi, and instead intensified their efforts to deliberately get close to the earth, which led to a fire.
Seeing that Brother Sun was evil, Hou Yi's repeated persuasion was of no help. People have suffered countless casualties, which is really unbearable. He drew his bow and arrow and shot at the sun, shooting down nine suns in one breath. Finally, Sun pleaded guilty and begged for mercy, and Hou Yi calmed down and closed his bow.
In addition to causing great harm to the world, Hou Yi also offended the Emperor of Heaven, who was furious because he shot and killed his nine sons and forbade them to return to heaven.
As he could not return to heaven, Hou Yi decided to stay on earth and do more good for the people. However, his wife, Chang 'e, became increasingly dissatisfied with the miserable human life and accused Hou Yi of shooting the son of the Emperor of Heaven in a muddle.
Hou Yi heard that there lived a fairy on Kunlun Mountain, the Queen Mother of the West. She had a magical medicine. After taking this medicine, I can ascend to heaven, so I climbed the Kunlun Mountain and asked the Queen Mother for the magic medicine. It's a pity that the magic medicine of the Queen Mother of the West is only enough for one person. Hou Yi is reluctant to let his beloved wife go to heaven alone, and she doesn't want her to go to heaven alone and leave herself on earth. So he took the magic medicine home and hid it quietly.
The secret of Houyi's obtaining the magic medicine was discovered by Chang 'e. Although she loved her husband very much, she could not resist the temptation of heaven. On August 15, when the moon was brightest during the Mid-Autumn Festival, Chang 'e secretly took the magic medicine while Hou Yi was not at home. Suddenly, she felt lighter and lighter and slowly drifted into the sky. Finally, she came to the moon and lived in Guanghan Palace. It happened that Hou Yi came back. He was sad to know that his wife had left him to ascend to heaven alone, but he could never hurt her with an arrow and had to say goodbye to her.
Hou Yi is alone now. He continued to do good deeds for the people and taught his disciples to learn archery. One of his apprentices, Feng Meng, made rapid progress, and soon he became very good at archery. But he felt that as long as Hou Yi existed, he could not be the best in the world, so he once shot the teacher from behind when he was drunk.
Besides, although Chang 'e went to the moon, it was very deserted here, only a rabbit tinkering with medicine and an old man chopping trees, so she stayed in the moon palace all day, especially when the moonlight was the best on August 15th every year. Chang 'e remembered their happy life.
There are many legends about Mid-Autumn Festival. Poets and writers for thousands of years have also left many works with this theme, expressing homesickness or pinning their yearning for happiness through the Mid-Autumn Moon. Li Shangyin, a poet in Tang Dynasty, deeply expressed her loneliness and regret in Chang 'e.
The mica screen has a deep candlelight shadow.
The long river gradually falls and the stars sink.
Chang 'e should regret stealing the elixir of life,
Blue sea, clear sky, night heart.
Textual research on the story of Yi and Chang 'e
The moon rises from the distant western border. At this moment, the night is deep, approaching the zenith, spewing cold and fanatical brilliance. The time sequence is nearly fifteen, strangely trembling, getting bigger and bigger, like holding a washbasin. At this time, in the residual flame of the candle, a graceful figure opened the jewelry box, took out a pack of medicine and drank it with the remaining water. After a while, a shadow seems to rise involuntarily and fly to the moon and Ran Ran. -Of course, this can only be an ancient story of "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" known to women and children for thousands of years.
What is the life experience of Chang 'e? No one can say for sure, except that she is the wife of sharpshooter Yi.
"Shan Hai Jing Hai Jing" says: "The Emperor gave Yi Tong a bow to help the country, and it was difficult for Yi Shou to feel." The Emperor, the grandson of the eldest son of the Yellow Emperor, is Yao's father. The Yellow Emperor passed it on to his eldest son, Xiao Xuan, and Xiao Xuan passed it on to Zhuan Xu, the son of his younger brother Changyi. After Zhuan Xu died, it was passed on to Xiao Xuan's grandson. Yi was a famous archer at that time. Because he was good at archery, he was reassured by the Prime Minister.
"Shan Hai Jing Hai Nei Jing" also said: "It seems to be born young, but it seems to start with bows and arrows." Shaoxiu, a native of Shao Hao, is a famous Dongyi clan in Qufu, Shandong Province. She takes the sun and phoenix as totems (the sun is called a three-legged crow, so the worship of the sun and birds is inseparable), and is good at observing the sun and the moon. Shao Hao's son began to make bows and arrows, so Yi people are undoubtedly descendants of Yi people and Dongyi people.
In the late period of Di Ku, there was a struggle among the ten ethnic groups in Dongyi. Because everyone worships the sun, the history book records that "ten days out together", which has caused great harm to the people: "burning crops and killing vegetation, but the people have no food." (Huai Nan Zi Ben Jing Xun) Di Ku sent an official to visit Zhu Zheng Yi to appease him. Yi not only merged ten divided tribes into one, but also continued to pursue the remnants of Chiyou tribe to the south, which was welcomed by outsiders.
Just as Yi was traveling around and riding on the pommel horse, he met Chang 'e, the most beloved woman in his life, on the vast Yuan Ye in Juye, Shandong.
Chang 'e, also known as Chang 'e and Chang 'e Xi, is homophonic with Chang 'e, Chang 'e and Chang 'e. Chang 'e is a Zhang woman from Dongyi tribe, who is good at occupying the moon. Chang 'e and Yi fell in love at first sight, and they enjoyed each other. Yi's footsteps stopped, Yi's bow and arrow was taken back into her bag, and her heart of stone became moist and soft under the comfort of a gentle woman. Two thousand years later, now, Qu Yuan describes the beautiful image of Chang 'e and Yi together: "White neon baby." Chang 'e, wearing a white dress and a gorgeous garland, danced in the boudoir, in the mulberry forest and between the plains, looking for shadows. He was drunk, but his bow and arrow were so lonely that he let out a plaintive cry.
Di Ku's other three concubines, according to the Chronicles of the Past Dynasties, recorded: "Yuan Fei has the daughter of Artest, named Jiang Yuan, who was born in Hou Ji. The second princess had a daughter named Judy, who gave birth to a contract. The second princess, the daughter of Chen Feng, was born in Fang Xun. " Hou Ji was the ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty; Qi was the ancestor of Shang Dynasty; Fang Xun is Emperor Yao.
I don't know if Chang 'e was resurrected later, but hundreds of years later, the story of Yi and Chang 'e had a wonderful continuation and docking, as if it were reincarnation, almost out of the mirror, and it was staged again.
What about Chun Hu? This is a beautiful name. What is the ending of the woman who endured humiliation and fought bloody battles for Hou Yi? It's a pity that she can't get the elixir of the Queen Mother of the West, and she can't sleep peacefully with the hope of resurrection and the belief of reunion with her sweetheart like Chang 'e, not to mention that Hou Yi is dead. Even if Chun Hu gets the elixir of life, even if he is resurrected, even if his face is still beautiful, even if his clothes are still gorgeous, where are the people who can rely on and rely on each other? How much has the ambiguous prediction of "future prosperity" been realized?
Modern "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon"
Now, "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" is no longer just that beautiful old story. "Chang 'e Project" is the name of the leading group of the lunar exploration project after the State Council officially approved the project, and named "Chang 'e I" as the first lunar satellite of China people. Successfully launched on 20071October 24th 18: 05!