& lt& lt Weifang Biology >> Textbook 1 Summary of key and difficult points. Weifang City has a place called (Paleontology Treasure House), which is located at the Paleontological Site (Shanwang) (22km east of Linqu County) and is the first paleontological fossil (national nature reserve) in China. 2. (Shanwang), low terrain, basin-shaped. In the meantime, a variety of exquisite animal and plant fossils are preserved, recording the vicissitudes of nature (18 million years ago). Shanwang fossil has the reputation of "rare treasure". Shanwang fossils have identified (10) species and (700) species. 4. Fossil species are divided into: (plants) and (animals), among which animals are divided into (invertebrates) (vertebrates) (fish) (mammals). 5. Shanwang has discovered more than 65,438+000 species of plants, including bryophytes, ferns (one species) and gymnosperms (four species). 6. Shanwang fossil invertebrates: the main representative is (Insecta). At present, there are more than 400 species of Shanwang insect fossils, accounting for more than half of the national insect fossils. 7. Shanwang fossil vertebrates: (fish), (amphibian), (reptile), (bird) and (mammal) are typical representatives of Shanwang fossil fauna, which constitute the most striking part of Shanwang fossil fauna. 8. Shanwang fossil fish: Shanwang fossil fish mainly include (Cypriniformes) and (Perciformes). Most of the fish fossils in Shanwang have been extinct. 9. Due to the unique lifestyle, it is difficult to preserve the bones (hollow) and bone walls (thin and slender) of birds, and the complete bird fossils are rare, belonging to the category of vertebrate fossils (at least) 10. Shanwang bird fossils: (5) Found complete bird fossils and many beautiful feather fossils, such as Shanwang Shandong bird (Giant 1 1. Shanwang Shandong Bird is the first Miocene bird discovered in China, and it is also the first discovery (complete bird fossil) in China, which fills the gap in the third season bird fossil in China. 12. The specimen (young beautiful bird) has a shiny (gastrolith) in its muscular stomach, which is extremely rare in bird fossils and has been recorded in China. 13. Shanwang fossil mammals: The small mammals in Shanwang fossil animals mainly include: (Shanwang bat) (Asian squirrel) (Shandong diatom rat) (Shanwang half-toothed rat) (Chinese squirrel) and so on. 14. (Oriental ancestor bear) fossil is the best preserved complete skeleton in the world so far. 15. Zhucheng, which enjoys the reputation of (China Dragon City), is rich in dinosaur fossil resources. It is an important origin of late Cretaceous dinosaur fossils in China, and is known as (the hometown of dinosaurs in northern China). It is dinosaur fossils (large number), (high richness) and (rich variety), all of which are the highest in the world. 16. Both the "Giant Shandong Dragon" in beijing museum of natural history and the "Giant Zhucheng Dragon" in Zhucheng Dinosaur Museum were found in the "Dragon Creek" in Kugou Beiling, Longdu Street, Zhucheng City, which is the largest hadrosaur fossil ever discovered in the world. 17. (Giant Pearl Dragon) is the largest hadrosaur fossil skeleton found in the world so far. 18. Weixian radish (Cruciferae), formerly known as "cabbage heart", commonly known as green radish and water radish, has a terminal raceme with 4 petals and 4 strong stamens, 1 pistil; Chinese cabbage 19. Wei county radish is a (biennial herb), which is called ("high-footed green") locally in wei county, also called ("green radish"). 20. Weixian radish grows well in loose, light-sticky soil containing a lot of potassium fertilizer and a proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer. 2 1. Weixian radish mainly formed three lines: (Daying), (Xiaoying) and (Erdaying). The two big ears have the reputation of "fruit radish". The usual Weixian radish mainly refers to two big tassels. 22. The vitamin C content of wei county radish is 5-8 times that of apples, oranges and pears, so it is also called ("vitamin radish") 23. Changle Watermelon is listed as one of the famous specialty fruits in Shandong Province. The county is known as the "hometown of watermelon in China" and has won 24 ("National Watermelon Geographical Indications"). Watermelon (Cucurbitaceae) is an annual vine herb. 25. (Jinshan Village, Tangqiao Town) is the earliest birthplace of watermelon in Changle. It belongs to Bailang River (red sandy soil), with fresh air and pure water quality, which is very beneficial to watermelon growth. 26. There are many varieties of watermelons in Changle, including (Xin Jing), (Lu Qing), (Xiaolan), (Double Star), (Redjade in early spring), (Texiaofeng) and (Se-enriched health melon). 27. Silver melon (Cucurbitaceae), commonly known as (cantaloupe) and (crisp melon). 28. (Qingzhou Yingua) is an excellent cultivated variety of melon in China, which is millet. (monoecious), the female flowers are solitary, the male flowers are clustered, the fruit is (short tube), the top is slightly larger, and the fruit navel is prominent. 29. The main producing area of Qingzhou Yingua is Mihetan, which flows through Qingzhou City. 30. Yingua is listed during the summer vacation, so it is regarded as a good summer product. 3 1. Jia Sixie, a famous agricultural scientist in Northern Wei Dynasty, was born in Qingzhou. He is famous for his scientific masterpieces (; >), describes the widespread cultivation of peaches in Qingzhou at that time. 32. It has been a tribute since Ming and Qing Dynasties (> There is a record of peach in Qingzhou City, Shandong Province (65438+ mid-September, 0990). Since then, the "Peach Festival" has been held every year in the middle and late September. 33. (Qingzhou Peach) is one of the most famous fruits in Shandong Province, which can be divided into (early-maturing peach), (late-maturing red skin) and (late-maturing peach). 34. (Qingzhou peach) is rich in nutrition, and the fruit (sugar) is not less than 13%. 35. The fruit of Qingzhou peach from late September to1early October (10) coincides with Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day, while other varieties of peach have already lost fruit. 36. The propagation of Qingzhou peach is (grafting propagation), and measures such as (mulching with plastic film), (storing fertilizer and water in holes) and (spraying trace elements) are adopted to make Qingzhou peach bigger in shape, better in quality and sharply increase in yield. 37. Qingzhou peach has been cultivated for at least 400 years. 38. ("Anqiu Peach") won the gold medal of the 11th Weifang International Kite Association Agricultural and Sideline Products Expo, Shandong Agricultural and Sideline Products Expo, and National Famous and Excellent New Products Expo. Anqiu City deserves to be called "the hometown of peaches in China". 39. (Anqiu Peach) has been cultivated for about 30 years. 40. (Anqiu Peach), commonly known as "Hi Peach" and "Smile Peach". Small tree with leaves (bisexual flowers), superior ovary, large drupe, yellow-green fruit surface, sunny surface. Anqiu peach (4 1) is a high-quality (late-maturing) cultivated variety. This variety (self-pollinated) has a high fruit setting rate, and the fruit maturity is about (65438+ 10/). 42. In order to achieve the goal of early high yield, orchard management should take the following measures: (pruning), (watering and fertilizing) and (fruit bagging). Topdressing is generally carried out (before germination) and (in late June), with (nitrogen fertilizer) and (compound fertilizer) as the main treatments respectively. Watering is generally carried out (before freezing), (during germination) and (before rapid fruit expansion). 44. Fruit bagging can make (fruit surface clean), (reduce pesticide residues) and (reduce fruit cracking), and greatly improve fruit quality. 45. In1913, British American Tobacco Company successfully planted flue-cured tobacco in (Fangzi), which represented that Weifang became one of the earliest areas where flue-cured tobacco was planted in Chinese mainland, and also made Weifang the birthplace of tobacco in China. Now it is one of the key tobacco producing areas in China, with (Qingzhou) and (Linqu County) as the main producing areas. 46. (Tobacco) has a good name of "Spring Grass" and a bad name of "Yaocao". Solanaceae, panicum miliaceum. 47. Tobacco is generally cultivated by (seed propagation) and (transplanting seedlings), so it can be divided into (seedbed stage) and (field stage). 48. (Tobacco) is one of the main cash crops in China, and its annual tax revenue accounts for (10%) of the total national tax revenue. (Tobacco leaves) are rich in protein, and (nicotine) extracted from tobacco leaves is made into drugs for preventing and treating people's diseases. Meanwhile, tobacco can also be used as a bioreactor. 49. The components of tobacco are (nicotine), (carbon monoxide) and (tobacco tar). 50. ("Nicotine") can be used as an insecticide to control (aphids and psyllids), etc. Generally, (tobacco leaves) can be directly sprayed in water. 5 1. Every year (May 3 1 day) is designated as "World No Tobacco Day". 52. (Castanea mollissima), Fagaceae, Castanea. Deciduous trees, (monoecious), male flowers are erect inflorescences. 53. The propagation of chestnut is (seedling propagation) or (grafting propagation). 54. Chestnut is propagated by grafting. 55. The flower of chestnut is (wind-borne flower), and the fruit setting rate (cross-pollination) is 56. Zhucheng's (Great Wall Town) was named by the Ministry of Agriculture as "China Chestnut Town". In its forest park, there are still more than 3,600 ancient trees in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The oldest chestnut tree is called "grandson tree", which is over 400 years old. As the "hometown of vegetables in China", (Shouguang) initiated the "first green revolution" from the successful experiment (winter warm greenhouse), perfected and popularized the five generations of winter warm greenhouse technology, introduced more than 20 technologies such as drip irrigation, microcomputer control, soilless culture and biological control, and popularized nearly 20 categories. 59. (Shouguang) is the hometown of Jia Sixie, the author of the world's first agricultural masterpiece (Qi Yao Min Shu), the birthplace of the national winter warm vegetable greenhouse, and the largest vegetable production base in China. 60. Warm-in-winter greenhouses are mainly composed of (walls), (columns), (sunny transparent glass surfaces) and (insulation covers). This is a plastic solar greenhouse with only one slope. 62. Since 1999, an international vegetable science and technology fair has been held every year, which has enabled (Shouguang) to make a great leap from a regional vegetable producing area to an internationally influential vegetable producing area market, and the quality of vegetables has all reached the standard of (a) or (AA) 63. Cucumber, commonly known as Cucurbitaceae. 64. (Cucumber spinosa) is one of the excellent varieties of cucumber. Panicum miliaceum. Stem and vine, flower (unisexual), male and female (same plant), the fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, belonging to (short-day plant) 65. (Capsicum annuum), commonly known as Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae). Pepper is one of the excellent varieties. Panicum miliaceum. Flowers are bisexual and solitary. (Strong stress resistance), low temperature resistance, high yield and good quality. 66. (Solanum), Solanaceae, commonly known as eggplant and lettuce. Red eggplant is one of the excellent varieties, especially panicum miliaceum. Flowers bisexual, ovary superior. Berries are round and purplish red. 67. (Shouguang Chicken) is native to Shandong Province (Daotian Township, Shouguang County). Cijia Village and Lunjia Village have the best chickens, so it is also called ("Lentz Chicken") 68. (Shouguang Chicken) The whole body (Kuroha) has metallic luster. Single crown, red ear face, big eyes with gods, and (black and brown rainbow). Beaks, shins and claws are all black. Strong foraging ability, rough feeding resistance, easy grazing, strong disease resistance, relatively stable (genetic), (fresh meat, big egg red shell), deeply loved by breeders. 69. Chicken feeding management: 1. (Drink water in time) 2. (timely feeding) 3. (controlling indoor temperature) 4. (ventilation) 5. (credit) 6. (Strict density) 70. (Linqu) Sericulture production has a long history. 7 1. (Silkworm), Lepidoptera, Bombycidae, is a silk-secreting insect that feeds on (mulberry leaves), also known as (silkworm), which was domesticated by ancient working people from wild silkworms living in forests. 72. Life history of silkworm: (egg), (larva), (pupa) and (adult) 73. The newly hatched larva is brown and looks like an ant, also called (ant silkworm). During molting, if you don't eat or move, it's called sleeping. Silkworms that have just molted are called silkworms. After eating mulberries, ants are called first-instar silkworms, and after sleeping for the first time, they are called second-instar silkworms. Usually, the age of 1-3 is called (young silkworm stage), and the age of 4-5 is called (strong silkworm stage). 74. Adult silkworm larvae are long cylindrical and divided into three parts (head, chest and abdomen). 12 One eye can distinguish the direction and intensity of light. Chewing mouthpieces, suitable for chewing mulberry leaves, are provided with (rotating holes). There are (3 pairs of chest feet) on the chest, which can hold mulberry leaves for food. There are four pairs of abdominal feet and 1 pair of wide-tailed feet in the abdomen. (Abdominal foot) can move the body forward. (Abdominal foot and tail foot) are attached to objects, which can lift the front of the body and carry out various activities. There are (valves) on both sides of the body. Silkworms have (silk glands) in their body cavities. 75. When the silkworm larvae develop (at the end of the last instar), they gradually stop eating mulberry, and the residue shrinks and becomes transparent. At this time, it is called (mature silkworm). Start spinning and pupate inside. 76. The pupa is spindle-shaped and divided into three parts (head, chest and abdomen). 77. The adult silkworm (Bombyx mori) is covered with white (scales and fluff), and its body is divided into three parts: chest and abdomen. There are 3 pairs of pectoral feet and 2 pairs of membranous wings in the chest, and the surfaces of the wings are covered with scales, which are called (scale wings). 78. (Silk) can be woven into gorgeous silks and satins and all kinds of silks. 79. (Silkworm pupa) can be processed into food, soy sauce and feed, and can also be extracted (silkworm pupa oil); Silkworm pupa protein can be used to prepare medical hydrolyzed protein injection and compound amino acid powder. 80. The medicinal value of silkworm moth was recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty (Li Shizhen). Male silkworm moths are used for brewing ("moth wine"), and silkworm moths are used for producing ("Meiling"), ("Long Yanchun") and other traditional Chinese medicines. 8 1. (Scorpion), (Arachnoidea), Scorpion, commonly known as Scorpion, Scorpion, Scorpion. Scorpions live in (dry) areas, crouch under rubble, bark and other things or in soil holes during the day, and go out to feed at night. For (carnivorous) animals, the staple food (insects, spiders and polypods). Eggs (viviparous) have the habit of harming each other. 82. Chinese medicine calls (dried worms) (scorpions), which are flat in nature, pungent in taste and poisonous. 83. Laizhou Bay in the Bohai Sea, to which Weifang belongs, has superior natural conditions such as water quality, water temperature, bait and biology, ranking first among the three bays in the Bohai Sea, and is rich in marine resources, especially (Scapharca subcrenata), which has become one of the largest producing areas in China, with a reserve of about 300,000 tons. 84. Weifang is also rich in freshwater animal resources. Cultured fish include (herring, grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp), "Four Major Fish" and imported fish (African tilapia and American rainbow trout) in 1980s. 85. (Shouguang Yangjiaogou Fishing Ground) successfully stocked barracuda 86. (Shrimp), crustacea, Penaeidae, commonly known as prawn, prawn and spotted shrimp, belongs to wide-salt and wide-temperature shrimp, and has the advantages of (large body and thin shell) and (fast growth). 87. (Rainbow Trout), Salmonidae, rare fish. Named after the rainbow dot pigment band on the side. Known as fresh water ("fish king"). Meat quality (fine red and firm), thick meat with few thorns, high content of (protein), fresh and tender but not fishy. 88. Rainbow trout is spindle-shaped, its body length is more than four times its height, and its head is very small. Back (yellow), with green and blue, covered with small black spots, abdomen (white). There is a wide and bright (red) longitudinal band in the middle of the lateral line of the body. 89. Rainbow trout will lay many eggs in their lifetime. Rainbow trout is suitable for cold water environment. 90. (Shimenfang), also known as Shimen Mountain, is located at 9 1. (Huangqi) is 10 km west of Shandong Province (Linqu County), belonging to Lacqueraceae, deciduous shrub or small. It is a tree species (afforestation in barren hills) and (farmland shelterbelt). Can also be (greening, ornamental) tree species; Extractable (yellow) dyes; Extractable (tannin extract); (leaves) contain aromatic oil, which can be (seasoning raw materials); (Leaves and branches) used as medicine can diminish inflammation and clear damp heat. 92. Shimenfang is a provincial key cultural relics protection unit with beautiful scenery and many historical sites. The government of (Linqu County) held the first ("Red Leaf Festival") in (199 1 lunar September). In spring and summer, the chlorophyll content in cotinus coggygria leaves is high, so the leaves are usually green. With the temperature getting lower and lower, the chlorophyll content in cotinus coggygria leaves decreased obviously, while the anthocyanin content increased obviously. Anthocyanins turn red rapidly in acidic cotinus coggygria cell fluid. (Low temperature) is an important external cause for the leaves of Cotinus coggygria to turn red. 94. In addition to Cotinus coggygria, there are some common varieties of red leaves, such as Acer truncatum and Acer truncatum. 95. (Yishan) was called "Haidai" and "Haiyue" in ancient times, and it is known as "Mount Tai is the ancestor of five mountains and Yishan is the head of five towns". 96. There are plants 1020 species (algae, fungi, lichens, mosses, fern seed plants) in Yishan. 97. Forest communities are mainly composed of coniferous forests, broad-leaved forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests. 98. Rare plants in Yishan: (Linderae), Lauraceae, deciduous shrubs or small trees; Rosaceae, Sorbus pohuashanensis with a tall tree; (Danshen) 99. Yishan Danshen is rich in tanshinone and vitamin, ranking first among its kind in China. Roots are used as medicine to make drinks and reduce blood fat. 100. (Ginkgo biloba), a gymnosperm, Ginkgo biloba, commonly known as "Ginkgo Tree" and "Gongsun Tree". China's specialty is (Mesozoic) plants. Flowers are unisexual and dioecious. It is a famous greening tree species, which can purify the air and kill bacteria. 10 1. (Gongye Chang academy), two ginkgo biloba plants are located in the west of the academy, the female plant in the west and the male plant in the east, which are accompanied by each other. It's an old couple in their 2300 s. 102. (Sophora japonica), Leguminosae. Commonly known as Sophora japonica, Sophora japonica and Sophora japonica. Deciduous trees Especially, the pagoda tree located in Xiaodongguan (ning guo si) of Shouguang City is the most famous. 103. (Crataegus), Osmundaceae. Deciduous trees with tall trunks. 104. There is a scenic park (Fangongting Park) in Qingzhou, the ancient city. There are two catalpa bungeana trees and three Sophora japonica trees among the ancient trees. Locals call it (Tang Ying, Song Huai). 105. Millennium Sophora japonica: The Sophora japonica in the Tang Dynasty grew in front of the altar (the main hall of Dongzhen Temple in Yishan) and is the oldest tree in Yishan. Up to now 1200 years old. 106. Ginkgo biloba in the Song Dynasty: Ginkgo biloba in the Song Dynasty, the largest growth in (Taitou Village, Jiushan Town) 107. Huaizhongpu: There is a 500-year-old pagoda tree in Songwangzhuang, Jiushan Town, Yishan Mountain. A tree ("Xiao Ye Pu") 108 miraculously appeared at the height of its trunk 3 meters. Li Baosong: On the Xiping platform of Fayun Temple in Yishan, there is a chestnut tree that has been growing for more than 300 years. It is old and withered, and its branches and leaves are gradually declining. At its base, a Pinus densiflora was born, with a height of more than 3 meters. Old Li Xinsong is still the same plant, still like an old mother holding a baby. People call it "chestnut holding loose". 109. Welcome Pine: On the rock on the west side of Fayun Temple in Yishan, there is a tall Gu Song. It is the oldest pine tree in Linqu, so it is called "welcoming pine" 1 10. Pan Longsong: It grows in the crevices of rocks in the western hills of Fayun Temple. 1 1 1. passbook pine: 50m (northwest of panlongsong pine), and there is a pine tree on the west side of Panshan road. 1 12. Mother and son pine: In (south of Fayun Temple), there is an old pine. Around the old trunk, there are four new pine trees. It's very interesting, so it's called ("mother-son pine") 1 13. (Rose), Rosaceae, commonly known as moon red, fighting snow red, thin capacity, wins spring. 1 14. (Rose) is one of the top ten famous flowers in China and has high ornamental value. 1 15. The asexual propagation of (Chinese rose) can be divided into: (cutting, grafting, branching and layering). 1 16. (Rose) "Clouds are hidden deep in leaves, and branches are often reddened by the sun", and it is known as the "queen of flowers" because of its gorgeous colors and charm. 1 17. (Chrysanthemum), Compositae, commonly known as Shouke, Chrysanthemum and Chrysanthemum. Perennial (herbaceous) plants. Sexual preference for dampness, fear of stagnant water, and cold tolerance. It is a (short-day) plant, and its natural flowering period is September -65438+ 10. 1 18. Chrysanthemum can be propagated by four methods (rooting, cutting, grafting and sowing). 1 19. (Chrysanthemum) has the elegant temperament of "holding branches rather than dancing with yellow leaves" 120. (Rhododendron), also known as Rhododendron, Ericaceae, shrub, flaming azaleas, together with (brocade) and (forsythia), are in full bloom. 12 1. (Dianthus), Dianthus, a perennial herb. 20-40 cm tall. 122. (Changshan, Haizhou), Verbenaceae, deciduous shrub. 123. (Qingzhou) was also identified as "the hometown of flowers and trees in China" by the State Forestry Administration and the China Flower Association. Weifang Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government attaches great importance to Qingzhou Flower Expo as one of the "three major festivals" in Weifang.