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Heat means that when the change of system state comes from the destruction of thermal balance conditions, that is, from the temperature difference between the system and the outside world, we say that there is thermal interaction between the system and the outside world.

As a result, energy is transferred from a high-temperature object to a low-temperature object, and the transferred energy is called heat. Heat and work are two different forms of energy transfer with the change of system state, and they are the measures of different forms of energy transfer. They are all related to the intermediate process of state change, so they are not functions of system state.

Extended data:

The relationship between heat energy and internal energy is just like the relationship between work and mechanical energy. Heat is a measure of the change of energy inside an object. If the thermal balance between the two areas has not been reached, the heat will be transferred to the other side with low temperature at the place with high temperature between them. Any substance has a certain internal energy, which is related to the disorderly movement of atoms and molecules that make up the substance.

When two substances with different temperatures are in thermal contact, they exchange internal energy until the temperature is the same, that is, they reach thermal equilibrium. Here, the energy transferred is equal to the heat exchanged. Many people confuse heat energy with internal energy. Heat actually refers to the change of internal energy and the work done by the system.

Heat describes the change of internal energy, which is a state quantity and state function of the system, corresponding to a state point of the system. Fully understanding the difference between heat and internal energy is the key to understanding the first law of thermodynamics.

In the process of heat transfer, the heat transferred between objects is related to the process (adiabatic, isothermal, isobaric), that is, heat absorption or release must be carried out in a certain process. When an object is in a certain state, it can't be said how much heat it contains (heat is a process quantity and a change quantity).

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