Swimming is a popular sport. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people's pursuit of healthy body and cultural entertainment is more intense, and more and more people take part in swimming activities. Swimming is an activity in the special environment of water. If you don't pay attention to safety and hygiene, you may have all kinds of injuries, damage your health and even drown. Therefore, every swimmer and organizer of swimming teaching should attach great importance to safety and health issues, and must understand swimming safety and health knowledge, implement safety and health measures, abide by swimming safety and health rules, and prevent accidents and infectious diseases.

First, establish the idea of safety first and implement safety measures.

As the saying goes, "human life concerns the sky", "fire and water are ruthless" and "don't bully mountains and be afraid of water". Swimming is a sport dealing with water. Remember safety first, don't be careless, be careful.

Publicity and education on swimming safety must be repeated. Swimming teachers should emphasize in every class that safety education and safety measures should be prepared when preparing lessons. Students must abide by the safety regulations carefully. Swimming pools (gymnasiums) must strengthen safety management, equip qualified lifeguards and life-saving equipment and facilities according to regulations, carefully formulate safety systems (regulations) and strictly implement them.

Swimming activities, it is best to organize, or three or five people to go together, do not act alone, especially in natural waters can not swim alone. When swimming, you should care about each other, go back together, and explain clearly when you leave halfway. In swimming classes or swimming activities, teachers must be closely organized, regularly count the number of people, and implement safety measures (swimming class safety organization)

Second, choose a safe and hygienic swimming place.

The management of artificial swimming venues is relatively standardized, and the pool water is often disinfected, drained and filtered, with high clarity. Deep water and shallow water have obvious signs and life-saving facilities, which should be the first choice for swimming.

If you go to natural waters or attend classes, you must make a good investigation in advance, and choose waters with good water quality, no pollution, appropriate water temperature, flat bottom, no silt, no obstacles and gentle flow. If you swim by the sea, you should know the law of tides, find out the time of high tide and low tide, and try not to stay away from the sea. After choosing a place, make necessary arrangements, such as enclosing the place with ropes, marking the deep and shallow areas, and providing life-saving equipment such as lifebuoys and necessary medicines.

Third, the physical examination before swimming

Physical examination before swimming is mainly to prevent patients from accidents while swimming, and also to avoid mutual infection of diseases. Anyone suffering from heart disease, hypertension, epilepsy, active tuberculosis, infectious hepatitis, dermatosis, pinkeye, psychosis, otitis media, cold, fever and open trauma should not swim. Women should take sanitary measures when swimming during menstrual period, and it is not suitable to go into the water without taking measures.

Fourth, drinking, eating, hunger and fatigue are not suitable for swimming.

Drinking alcohol can stimulate the central nervous system to be excessively excited or inhibited, and swimming after drinking is prone to drowning accidents. Swimming after a full meal will reduce the blood supply of digestive organs, reduce the function of digestive organs and affect the digestion and absorption of food. In addition, due to the temperature and pressure of water, the peristalsis function of gastrointestinal tract will be affected, which is easy to cause stomach spasm, abdominal pain or vomiting. Therefore, don't swim immediately after meals. It usually takes half an hour to an hour to get into the water. It is not good to swim on an empty stomach, because the blood sugar content of the human body drops on an empty stomach, and it is easy to feel dizzy or weak limbs when swimming, and even faint. After strenuous exercise or strenuous physical labor, the body feels tired, muscle contraction and reaction are weakened, and drowning accidents occur. Therefore, after strenuous exercise and strong physical labor, you should take a rest and swim after your physical strength returns to normal.

Prepare for activities before swimming.

Warm-up activities can improve the excitability of nervous system, enhance the functions of cardiovascular system and respiratory system, accelerate the functions of blood circulation and respiratory system, accelerate blood circulation and metabolism, increase muscle strength and elasticity, correspondingly increase the range of activities of various joints of the body and improve flexibility. These changes are beneficial for the body to adapt to the needs of swimming better and faster, and also have a positive effect on preventing cramps and strains.

When preparing for swimming, you can generally do broadcast exercises, running, swimming imitation movements and various exercises to lengthen muscles and ligaments. In particular, it is necessary to move the joints of the neck, shoulders, waist, buttocks, knees and wrists.

Have a rest after preparing for activities, and then take a bath. This is not only a measure to keep the swimming pool clean, but also to make swimmers adapt to the cold water stimulation before launching and avoid sudden launching accidents.

6. Do what you can when swimming.

When swimming in the water, beginners should be active in shallow water. Swimmers who can already swim should also do what they can and arrange their exercise reasonably. When they feel abnormal body reactions, such as dizziness, headache, stomachache, nausea or vomiting, they should immediately go ashore, dry their bodies and rest until they recover before entering the water. If you overestimate your physical strength and skills, you will travel far away and cannot return, which will easily lead to drowning accidents.

Avoid all dangerous actions when swimming, such as diving in shallow water, fighting with each other, holding your breath for a long time, running and chasing by the slippery pool, etc.

Seven, in case of accident calm self-help and breathing.

When swimming, if you have cramps and other accidents, keep calm and don't panic. You should immediately go ashore or relieve the spasm by yourself in the water. At the same time, you can also call for help and let people around you come to help in time. If you find someone cramping or drowning, you should quickly go to the ambulance and call for help at the same time, so that people around you can come and rescue with you.

Pay attention to personal and public health and swim in a civilized way.

When swimming, you should be civilized, wear clean and opaque swimsuits and pants, consciously handle the rules of the swimming pool and maintain public hygiene, take a bath before entering the water and rinse it from head to toe. No spitting, blowing your nose, defecating or discarding sundries are allowed in the swimming pool, so as not to pollute the water quality and damage the health of yourself and others. After swimming out of the water, wash your body in time, then dry it and put on clothes to prevent colds.

Nine, prevent eye and ear diseases

Because there are impurities and bacteria in the water, swimmers are prone to eye and ear diseases. To prevent eye diseases, we should not only choose clean swimming places for swimming, but also pay attention to maintaining public hygiene, and often carry out water purification treatment and water quality inspection in swimming pools. After swimming, you should drop chloramphenicol eye drops or chlortetracycline eye ointment in your eyes. Don't wipe your eyes with dirty hands to prevent conjunctival injury or bacteria from entering your eyes.

When swimming, if water enters the ear, it will often cause itching, tinnitus and other discomfort. Don't dig your ear with your fingers at this time, so as not to scratch the ear canal and cause sewage infection and otitis media. When water enters the ear, you can tilt your head to the side where the ear enters the water, and keep shaking and jumping with your feet on the same side to make the water flow out of the ear; You can also tilt your head to the ear side of the water, press the auricle tightly with your palm, hold your breath, and then lift your palm quickly. After several repetitions, you can suck water. Don't worry when you really can't pour water. You should seek medical treatment in time to drain the water from your ears.