When taking abstract notes, you should pay attention to:

1. Extract those wonderful, valuable and necessary contents;

2. After the excerpt, check it, pay attention to the consistency with the original text, and even the punctuation marks should be the same as the original text, otherwise the author's original intention may be mistaken;

3. If the excerpt is omitted before or after or in the middle, it shall be indicated by ellipsis. If you encounter ellipsis in the original text, you should put brackets to indicate "(ellipsis in the original text)" to show the difference;

4. Abstraction can help memory, and the copied materials are also conducive to preservation, which is convenient for reviewing old knowledge or writing quotations later. Therefore, it is necessary to indicate the source of the materials after copying (or cutting and pasting), such as the title or title, author, publishing house, publication date, etc. , and check the original text when necessary;

5. Use cards to extract information. A card can only record one piece of material. You can't record several pieces of material on a card for fear of wasting paper. Otherwise, it is not convenient for classification and retrieval;

6. If you can write some experiences and feelings at any time after copying, you can promote the understanding of the original text.

Example 1: (Excerpt of famous sayings)

Class: Famous sayings

There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb along steep mountain roads can hope to reach its glorious summit. (Marx: The preface to the French version of Das Kapital, see the Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 23, page 26. )

-Correct learning attitude and cultivate good habits.

Example 2: (Excerpt from beautiful sentences)

Class: write about scenery

The first thing that catches your eye is the graceful lotus flowers dotted in it. Red lotus dew, Ying Ying is about to drip; White cranes bring rain, flawless; When in full bloom, the buds shake yellow; Lei Yu is shy and wants to talk. Together with the green cover and the green ball, it is a charming scenery.

Describe the scenery of lotus pond in summer. Excerpt from "Lotus Leaf Fu")

Second, the reading experience

Reading a book or an article, after careful thinking, consulting relevant materials, and connecting with social reality or the reality of personal thought, study and work, there are always some opinions, experiences and understandings, and writing these experiences or understandings down to form a complete and independent article, which is reading experience, also called post-reading feeling. The so-called "sentiment" can be the truth or subtle thoughts learned from the book, the thinking and association inspired by the contents of the book, and the attack and criticism on some ugly phenomena in society caused by reading. In short, the reading experience is formed by systematically sorting out one's feelings after reading. Compared with the various forms introduced above, this is a more demanding form of reading notes.

Writing a good reading experience is an effective way to understand the original content and a good way to improve writing ability. To write a good reading experience, we need to understand its writing rules and pay attention to its writing methods.

1. Read the original text carefully.

As the name implies, the experience of reading is to read first, then get it, and feel it. And "reading" is the premise of "getting", and readers' "getting" should be based on understanding the original text and intensive reading.

2. Introduce the general situation of reading materials.

Reading experience is what you get after reading it, so why you get it should be clear. This requires introducing the content of "reading" at the beginning of the article, that is, summarizing the main points of reading, or the main central idea, or directly quoting some words from the original text. Then, according to the above content, draw your own feelings. This can be said to be a relatively fixed format of writing and reading experience.

3. Must have a clear vision

Reading is new, and writing is innovative. The relationship between reading experience and the original work must be closely related in content; From the point of view, it can be the same or different. If you agree with the viewpoint of a work, you can express your support, support and praise in the reading experience; If you don't agree, you can criticize, argue, reprimand and object. Regardless of praise or disapproval, we must have a clear view and a clear position; Ambiguity and specious will make the article lose its persuasiveness and attraction.

When dealing with the relationship between the original text and feelings, we should pay attention to two issues: first, when there are different views, don't expand, narrow or take it out of context and distort the meaning of the original text casually; The other is that in the case of the same point of view, don't replace feelings with the original, and turn the reading experience into a retelling of the original content.

Step 4 focus

There are various types of reading experiences. You can talk about your feelings and comments from multiple angles and sides around the theme and center of the original text, or you can express your feelings from a certain angle and side. You can not only give full play to some of the contents of the reading materials, but also compare the contents of the book with other reading materials and write your own understanding. However, no matter how you write, you should be good at capturing and expressing what you feel most, and pay attention to focusing on one or several points that you feel most. The most taboo is to cover everything and talk in general terms.

Step 5 have real feelings

As the saying goes, true feelings are only words. A good reading experience can not only let readers see the author's emotional pulse, but also let readers follow the author's emotional pulse to find the emotional place of the original. Pretending, insincere, and even moaning, not only can't please, but also cause readers' disgust.

6. Must be linked with reality

The "acquisition" of reading experience is of course due to "reading", but how to "acquire" is inseparable from one's own ideological reality, work reality or social reality. This is one of the important characteristics of reading experience, and it is also the main boundary that distinguishes it from other styles. Unlike some literary works, reading experience can express the author's thoughts and feelings through artistic images; Unlike some monographs, you can talk about certain business knowledge. Connecting with reality, don't write a report of your achievements, and don't write a book of self-criticism; Pay attention to your discretion, don't talk big, don't talk empty words. Connect with reality, try to develop associations, don't stick to the original text, broaden your thinking and enrich associations.

7. Give priority to discussion

Reading experience belongs to the category of argumentative writing, and discussion should be adopted as the main expression. However, it is different from the general argumentative essay, and often uses the writing method of "narrative plus discussion" to express the central idea. "Narrative" refers to the chapters, paragraphs, sentences and people who have the deepest experience and the greatest education in the articles read. "Discussion" means writing your own feelings on the basis of "narration", which is the deepening of "narration". It must be emphasized that the reading experience should be based on one's own language, and occasionally quoting the original text should have a clear purpose. It only serves the writing experience and cannot be quoted for the sake of quotation. There are several situations to quote the original text: either because of feelings; Or feelings need to be borrowed; Or as an object; Or as a basis for discussion. In short, if it is not for the actual needs of expression, don't quote the original text too much. "Discussion" is the main thing, "narration" is the object, and "narration" serves for "discussion" and cannot put the cart before the horse. Under the guidance of this principle, it is often supplemented by lyricism, and the combination of narration, discussion and lyricism is adopted to achieve concise narration, accurate discussion and sincere lyricism.

Often writing about reading experience can not only cultivate and improve writing ability, but also exercise and examine reading comprehension and appreciation ability, which is conducive to promoting the combination of reading and writing.

Example:

Thoughts on Reading The Oil Man

The story "The Oil Man" tells the story of a man named Chen Yaozi who was good at archery in ancient times. He is proud of it. An old man selling oil saw it, but said briefly and approvingly, "Without it, only hands are familiar." He put the oil gourd on the ground, covered its mouth with a copper coin and poured oil into the gourd through the money hole. The gourd was full, but there was not a drop of oil in the money hole. He said modestly, "Me neither. I am only familiar with it. "

This story tells us that practice makes perfect. As long as you practice hard and become proficient, you can master any skill.

We often see that old farmers can predict wind and rain and are good at managing fields; Workers can manipulate machines and process precise and complicated parts; Actors can play various roles and perform vivid performances; Painters can write freely and draw the latest and most beautiful pictures ... People always praise them and call them "geniuses". Don't you know that all this is not born, but the result of their efforts, long-term accumulated experience and proficiency.

Some of our classmates often envy those who have special skills and stunts. I want to try it myself. Learn the violin for a while today, and practice painting tomorrow, but I will give it a try and give up whenever it is difficult. Sighing that you lack the talent of music and painters always accomplish nothing. In fact, these students are not stupid. Some people always win at cards, but they come last in the math contest. In the final analysis, the latter is not as good as the former and has not reached the "proficiency".

It is not unattainable to master a skill and gain a skill. As long as you study hard and practice hard, you can achieve mastery. We young people should not give up on ourselves. As long as we build up confidence, work hard and make unremitting efforts, we will certainly achieve something.