The captain and gunner of Type 98 tank have the ability to shoot fixed and stationary targets when marching day and night. The shooting response time is short, static vs. static ≤5 seconds, static vs. dynamic ≤ 2 seconds and dynamic vs. dynamic ≤9 seconds. After testing, the first hit rate of Type 98 tank is over 85% at a distance of 2000m. In order to adapt to the complex battlefield environment, the fire control system of Type 98 tank can be degraded. When the image stabilization part fails, the system can also be used as a simple fire control system and automatically installed. If the simple fire control system with automatic meter loading also fails, you can also aim and shoot with the meter set by manual tools.
In recent years, due to the breakthrough of key technologies of fire control system, China has successfully developed a variety of automatic tracking fire control systems and large dead-cycle fire control systems integrating aiming and guidance. On the 98-type improved tank, the latest large-dead-cycle fire control system integrating aiming and guidance is installed. The fire control system combining aiming and guidance is a fire control system that can automatically correct the shooting results. If the first shot misses, the system can measure the miss distance in real time, automatically input the deviation distance and angular velocity into the fire control computer, correct the next shot and shoot immediately, which greatly improves the hit rate of the second shot. In the fire control system of large dead cycle, how to automatically measure the impact point deviation in real time and automatically correct it is the premise and technical key to apply this fire control system. The system must have devices and sensors that can automatically track targets and projectiles. At present, tracking the target is realized by automatic tracker, which can be realized by closed-circuit television and thermal imager. The automatic tracking of projectile is realized by miss distance sensors (such as radio positioning sensor and viewpoint sensor). Because the thermal imager can track the target according to the thermal characteristics of the target and can automatically track the projectile by using the thermal characteristics of the projectile, it can also be used as an automatic tracker and a miss distance sensor. Because the large dead-cycle fire control system is based on the real-time automatic correction of miss distance, it is required that the gun should have a high initial velocity, which can shorten the flight time of the projectile and facilitate the rapid correction of shooting. The large dead-cycle fire control system can obviously improve the hit rate of the second shell, and has obvious shooting effect on high-speed targets driving off-road. In the test, the 98 improved tank fired 46 seconds (artificially set) at the moving target with a distance of 2000 meters, and the hit rate was 100%.
As early as the 1970s, researchers in China began to research and develop large-caliber tank guns, and successively developed tank guns with various calibers such as 120mm, 125mm and 130mm. There is a dispute between 120mm and 125mm on the caliber selection of the third generation tank guns. From the actual situation, the performance of120mm high-pressure musket is not inferior to125mm tank gun, and even better than125mm tank gun in some aspects. Because the design of Type 98 tank refers to many technical characteristics of Soviet t-72 tank and directly refers to its automatic filling machine, this is mainly to greatly shorten the research and development cycle. Re-developing a new automatic loader suitable for 120 mm gun will increase the difficulty of tank design, and at the same time, the overall design of tank must be greatly modified. Furthermore, the shell of 120 mm has its own structure, which means that the volume of the matching automatic loader will not be too small, which delimits an insurmountable technical gap for the installation in the turret. Judging from the French Leclerc tanks and Japanese Type 90 tanks equipped with automatic loaders in the west at present, the structure of automatic loaders in the stern compartment is more complicated. China's 89 120 mm self-propelled anti-tank gun tail compartment is equipped with a semi-automatic loader. Although the firing rate has increased, the volume and complexity of the semi-automatic loader inside the Type 89 self-propelled anti-tank gun can be seen from the huge turret.
In terms of protection, although most western tanks have realized ammunition compartmentalization, the survivability of tanks with tail turrets on the battlefield is not necessarily much higher than that of tanks with turret-basket automatic loaders. Judging from the probability of ammunition being hit, the tank with ammunition in the tail compartment is higher than that in the car. In addition, with the increase of the weight of the whole ammunition, the workload of the stevedores is also increasing. According to the current development trend of tank guns to large caliber, it has become inevitable to realize the automatic loading of ammunition on tanks.
China has developed120mm and125mm anti-tank ammunition before and after. The former adopts integral structure, while the latter adopts split-package structure. 125mm tank gun was successfully developed as early as 1985. After continuous improvement, the chamber pressure of the finalized125mm tank gun has been higher than that of120mm tank gun. ZPT-98 50 times caliber 125 mm high bore smooth bore tank gun was finally installed on Type 98 tank. The gun barrel adopts high-intensity pcrni3nov, and the muzzle kinetic energy is nearly 45% higher than that of Russian 2A46m-/KOOC-0/model/KOOC-0/25mm tank gun, and higher than that of the RH-/KOOC-0/20/KOOC-0 on Leopard 2a5 and M/KOOC-0/A/KOOC-0/A2 tanks. Due to the implementation of hydraulic self-tightening technology for the barrel, the requirements of high bore pressure gun for the strength of the barrel are met. In order to improve the ablation and wear-resistant life of the barrel, the gun adopts full bore chromium plating process, which makes its life reach the level of 700 armor-piercing rounds, close to the world advanced level. In order to improve the thermal protection efficiency, a double-layer aluminum air gap thermal sheath was installed on the barrel, and the protection efficiency was 70%.
Like the Russian-made 2a46m- 1 125 mm smooth bore tank gun, the bolt of ztp-98 tank gun is a cross wedge type, semi-automatically controlled by plunger spring, and equipped with an electromechanical dual-function firing system. The anti-recoil device of artillery is a bottom-mounted device, which consists of a cylinder recoil control rod recoil machine with liquid volume adjustment and a three-cylinder liquid-gas reentry machine with needle rod reentry control device. The gun bore length is 880 mm, the normal recoil distance is 280 mm ~ 320 mm, the maximum recoil distance is 330 mm, the barrel mass is 2.02 tons, the bolt mass is 72 kg, and the rotating part mass is 2.6 tons. The bending strength of gun barrel is 4320 N/m, the thickness tolerance is 0.6 mm, the machining curvature is 0.7 mil, and the free error is 0. 18 mil. The shooting accuracy is 25% higher than that of Russian 2a46m- 1.
The cradle of zpt-98 tank gun is hoop-shaped, and the base length is 1500 mm. There are two recoil slide rails on the base. The front slide rail is a copper annular liner, and the safe expansion gap between the liner and the gun body is 0.3~0.9 mm, which is used to compensate the thermal expansion when the gun barrel is fired. The rear slide rail consists of a rail bracket located on the gun tail ring and bracket. The neck of the quick detachable bracket is fixed by four bolts. A wedge-shaped semi-automatic bolt is arranged above the gun, and the bolt opening force is 245 Newton. The vehicle is equipped with parking recoil device and reentry machine visual liquid volume control device, so the liquid volume can be checked without manual recoil gun. In addition, the front aiming pad is installed on the muzzle end face of the gun, which is convenient for the gunner to quickly adjust the gun in the car. According to the need, the gun can be fired by electric ignition device, electric shock and mechanical hand manual firing. The gun can be replaced by pumping forward, and the replacement can be completed within 1 hour.
The zpt-98 tank gun is equipped with tungsten/uranium alloy armor-piercing projectile with semi-combustible cartridge (using new Tegan propellant), armor-piercing projectile with stable tail and multifunctional explosive Grenade with stable tail. The ammunition base is 465,438+0 rounds, of which 2 rounds are distributed in the rotary loader of the automatic loader and 65,438+09 rounds are distributed in each ammunition box in the battle room. When the third generation tungsten alloy tail-stabilized armor-piercing projectile (muzzle velocity 1780m/s) is launched, it can penetrate 850mm thick homogeneous armor at a distance of 2000m, while the latest special alloy armor-piercing projectile (depleted uranium armor-piercing projectile) can reach 960mm at this distance, and its core length-diameter ratio is 30: 1. In order to strengthen the anti-tank combat capability, the Type 98 tank is also equipped with a multifunctional Grenade, which is a high-explosive type, which can increase the charge and is powerful enough to make the tank lose its combat effectiveness. In addition, the Type 98 tank is also equipped with a laser-guided gun-launched missile system that imitates the Russian Taikoo River/Reflection 9k 1 19 (AT-1"Sniper" in the west), and generally carries four missiles in the car. The improved new gun firing system is equipped with a laser transmitter in the gunner's sight of the Type 98 tank, which makes the missile's firing charge longer and the whole missile's mass increased. The missile can choose a complex flight path for a certain attack situation (such as static launch attack) and fly to the target at low altitude.
The automatic loader of Type 98 tank imitates the Russian tank. The system consists of rotary loader, magazine elevator, magazine propeller, magazine bottom shell throwing mechanism, gun motor locking device, memory device, automatic loader distribution box, loader console, automatic loader console, ammunition indicator and complete electrical system. The loading angle of the automatic loader is fixed at 4 degrees and 30 minutes, and the loading time of each bullet is 8 seconds. In the automatic loading mode, the firing rate of the main gun of Type 98 tank is 8 rounds per minute, and the firing rate is reduced to 1 ~ 2 rounds per minute during manual loading. The test shows that the intermittent failure rate of the automatic loader is three thousandths. At present, a new loader system with excellent performance, reliable use and convenient operation has been successfully developed and will be equipped on the 98 improved tank.
The auxiliary weapons of Type 98 tank include 1 86 7.62mm parallel machine guns, which are installed on the right side of the artillery and fired by remote control, with 250 rounds per chain and a total of 2,000 rounds in reserve. The commander's control tower is equipped with 1 qjc88 12.7mm anti-aircraft guns, which are manually operated by drivers outside the turret. Single sight, maximum range to air target 1.5km, pitch range -4 ~+75 degrees, and combat firing rate 80 ~ 100. In order to facilitate shooting, there are three anti-aircraft gun racks on the turret of Type 98 tank, one in front and one on the right side of the commander's control tower, and 1 on the left side of the gunner's hatch. In addition, each of the three crew members is equipped with a 1 56c or 95 short assault rifle.
Type 98 tank gunner thermal imager is an advanced thermal imaging system equipped by PLA. The detector of the thermal imager is a SPRITE detector, and its photosensitive surface is made of an eight-hoofed cadmium-mercury chip stuck on a sapphire substrate through a lithography mask. Compared with cell array detector, SPRITE detector has the advantage of completing delay integration processing, that is, signal processing in components, so it is named SPRITE. Sprite detector must be about 80K, and it has good performance in vacuum, so it needs to be packaged in Dewar bottle and cooled in refrigerator. The thermal imager of the gunner on the 98 tank is cooled by an independent Stirling refrigerator. The continuous working time is more than 12 hours, and the cooling time of the detector is 5 minutes. The total weight of the thermal imager is 42kg, and it scans in series and parallel with the field of view of 5.6X3.8 degrees (1 1.4 times). 12X8 degrees (5 times). The distance of tank target recognition is 2600 meters during the day and 2750 meters at night.
At present, China has successfully developed the second generation thermal imager, which does not need photoelectric scanning, and the detector directly receives the thermal radiation signal of the whole field of view to form a staring image, so it is also called staring focal plane thermal imager. Its working distance can reach 7 ~ 9 kilometers, its sensitivity and resolution are greatly improved compared with those of the first generation thermal imager, and it is compact in structure and low in cost. The average time between failures is 4000 hours, the detection distance to the target is 4000 meters, and the recognition distance is 3 100 meters in the harsh environment with visibility of only100 meters. The thermal camera has been installed on the 98 improved tank.
Type 98 tank has a low profile (less than 2.3 meters), and the front of the car head and turret adopts a new replaceable composite armor. Among them, the front of the car is welded by homogeneous rolling armor, and the important parts are strengthened by laminated ceramic composite armor. The first upper deck is multi-layer composite armor, and the concrete structure is steel-glass fiber plate-superhard steel-steel, with a total thickness of 220 mm and an inclination angle of 22 degrees, and its protective ability is equivalent to 500-600 mm homogeneous armor. The armor plate under the head of the car body is 80 mm thick, which can hang two large steel-plastic plates or a bulldozer. Rubber crawler skirts with 8 mm thickness are installed on both sides of the car body, and the front guard plate and side skirts have certain protective effects on anti-tank mines and oblique fuze armor-piercing projectiles. In addition, in order to protect the driver's safety, the seat is hung on the car body, the protective armor is strengthened at the bottom, and vertical steel frames are welded on both sides to improve the structural strength. The turret armor of Type 98 tank is composed of composite material and special steel, and there is special material in the interlayer between them, so it is also called gap composite armor. It can resist the kinetic energy armor-piercing projectile with 700 mm armor-piercing ability and the war bulletproof with 800 mm armor-piercing ability at a distance of 2000 meters. In the low-temperature test conducted in the winter of 1997, Type 98 tank was attacked by 14 rounds 105 mm tail fin stable shell-piercing projectile, and none of them penetrated the front armor of the tank. Later, the T-72C tank was fired six times with the 125 mm gun, but it was still unable to penetrate the frontal armor.
If additional armor is installed, the armor penetration resistance of Type 98 tank is above 830mm and the armor penetration resistance is above 1060mm when the vehicle weight is increased by 0.7 tons. After installing a new type of double-anti-anti-armor on the turret and car body, the anti-apfsds and thermal capacity can reach 1000 ~ 1200mm. In addition, the front end of the side guard plate of the Type 98 tank is also equipped with reactive armor, and the top armor has also been strengthened.
As we all know, the weakest protection of tanks is at the top of turrets. With the increasing proportion of guided weapons (especially top-attack ammunition), it is impossible to fully meet the requirements of tank survival simply by relying on the hard protection of tanks. In order to further enhance the survivability of Type 98 tank, an anti-missile soft protection system was installed on it. The system consists of JD-3 infrared jammer, smoke bomb system, laser alarm and control system. JD-3 infrared jammer consists of infrared emitter, power supply, control device and control panel. The total mass of the system is 75 kg. JD-3 infrared jammers are usually installed on both sides of the tank main gun. The azimuth coverage of JD-3 infrared jammer is 22 degrees on both sides of the main gun, and the height coverage is 5 degrees. It emits 0.7~2.5μm infrared pulse radiation signal within 2 seconds after detecting the incoming target. The infrared jammer can continuously emit coded infrared pulse jamming signals, which makes the guidance circuit of infrared guided anti-tank ammunition produce false signals, and can effectively jam anti-tank missiles such as Tow, Dragon and Holt.
The smoke bomb system consists of type 94 smoke launcher and type 97 smoke bomb. The system can form an aerosol smoke screen 50-80 meters away from the tank within 3 seconds, shielding the enemy laser target indicator and laser range finder, and has a good shielding effect on the 0.4- 14μ m band for 20 seconds. Experiments show that the system can reduce the hit rate of anti-tank missiles such as "Tuo", "Dragon", "Maverick" and "Hellfire" by 75 ~ 80%. Reduce the hit rate of anti-tank missiles such as "Hult" and "Milan" by 2/3; The hit rate of various artillery assisted by laser rangefinder is reduced by 2/3.
In addition to the soft protection system, a new active defense system can be installed on the Type 98 tank. The system consists of control device, millimeter-wave radar and launching system, and each subsystem adopts modular design and can be replaced quickly. The working principle of the system is that the commander puts the system in working state, and the radar adopts monitoring working state at this time. When the target flying within 50 meters from the tank is detected, the radar automatically switches to the tracking mode, and provides the ballistic data of the target to the fire control computer, which judges whether the incoming ammunition may hit the tank. If it is judged that the incoming ammunition will hit the tank, the radar will provide accurate tracking data, and the computer will determine the launching position and time of the defensive ammunition. The incoming ammunition will explode at a distance of 0/.5 ~ 4.2 meters from the tank/KLOC-0, hitting the incoming ammunition, causing the warhead of the incoming ammunition to explode or deviate from the flight path. If it is judged that the incoming ammunition does not pose a threat, the radar will return to the monitoring state. The active defense system can deal with the incoming target with the speed of 70 ~ 700 m/s, and it only takes 0.2~0.4 seconds for the system to get ready again. The danger zone of this system is 20 ~ 30 meters for the coordinated operation of infantry. In addition, the system can automatically identify false targets, such as birds, bullets, shell fragments and shells or missiles launched by our side. The active defense system can be installed on a variety of armored vehicles, which can improve the survivability of armored vehicles by nearly 2 times. The tank installed with the system will not produce electromagnetic interference to other tanks, and the system itself has good anti-electronic interference ability.
A collective three-proof device and an automatic fire extinguishing and explosion suppression system are installed inside the Type 98 tank, and an additional layer of anti-radiation lining is added to the inner wall of the battle cabin, cockpit and hatch cover, which can reduce the damage of R-rays to passengers. In addition, when the tank is hit by an armor-piercing bullet, it can also prevent passengers from being injured by debris falling from the inside. The car body and turret are painted with tricolor camouflage paint.
In the Persian Gulf War, Iraqi armored vehicles were not equipped with effective equipment to prevent the "secondary" effect, resulting in heavy casualties (especially the more advanced T-72 tanks). According to the test, the explosion of oil-gas mixture in tank battle cabin caused by hot jet will form an overpressure of 0.35~ 1.4 MPa in 140 ms ~ 240 ms, and some even reach 2 MPa, and the thermal radiation intensity accompanying the explosion can reach 6 ~ 10 W/cm2. When the projectile penetrates the armor plate, the people in the car are vulnerable to three main hazards: pressure impact, skin burns and toxic effects. For the human body, if the pressure time acting on the body exceeds 50 milliseconds, the overpressure above 0. 1 MPa will usually cause permanent lung injury. Overpressure above 0.3 MPa will make the death rate reach 50%. When the overpressure reaches 0.4~0.5 MPa, people will die. According to medical requirements, the temperature of skin below 0.08 mm exceeds 43.5 degrees Celsius, and the exposed part of the body will suffer irreparable second-degree burns. Or expressed by a thermal radiation meter, that is, when the thermal radiation with the intensity of 10W/cm2 acts on the skin for more than 100 milliseconds, the skin burn will reach 1 degree. In addition to overpressure and skin burns, the harm of toxic agents to passengers can not be ignored. In the cruel battlefield environment, when the vehicle is shot, the occupants in the vehicle are in a state of high tension and anxiety. Adrenaline in the human body will increase, which will increase the sensitivity of the human body to toxic substances. Toxic substances come from explosion products, combustion products and thermal decomposition products. The toxic substances produced by explosion depend on the nature of incoming ammunition, and the quantity of toxic substances produced by combustion and thermal decomposition depends on the sensitive speed of induced penetration jet and the duration of fire extinguishing. To sum up, once the armored vehicle has a "secondary effect", the damage to the occupants in the vehicle will be fatal. Therefore, it is very important to equip armored vehicles with efficient fire extinguishing and explosion suppression systems to prevent "secondary effects" and improve the survivability of tanks on the battlefield.
In armored vehicles, an effective fire extinguishing and explosion suppression system should have sensitive detectors, fast control systems and effective extinguishing agents, so as to effectively prevent the explosion and completely avoid the "secondary effect". Proved by repeated experiments by researchers. If all kinds of fires in the tank are put out within 130ms, the explosion of various oil-gas mixtures can be avoided. In the aspect of preventing second-degree burns, as long as the thermal radiation of 10W/cm2 acts on the skin surface for no more than 100 milliseconds, the occupants can avoid serious second-degree burns. However, if the pressure exceeds 50 milliseconds, it will also cause harm to all parts of the human body and even death. Therefore, the faster the response time of the automatic fire extinguishing and explosion suppression system, the better the effect of restraining overpressure and avoiding scalding.
As early as the early 1960s, China started the research and development of automatic fire extinguishing system for armored vehicles, but due to various reasons, the progress was slow. It was not until the Sino-Vietnamese border conflict that the lessons of blood on the battlefield made the People's Liberation Army improve its understanding of the role of automatic fire extinguishing devices for armored vehicles, resulting in an urgent demand, and the research on automatic fire extinguishing systems was accelerated. 1980, our country developed type 80 automatic fire extinguishing device and equipped it on various armored vehicles, which proved to be effective in practice. However, the system does not have explosion suppression function. Therefore, in the early 1980s, China introduced the "safety" system, and soon completed the trial production of the prototype and the localization of all systems. Later, China developed a more advanced automatic explosion suppression system on this basis. Type 98 tank is equipped with Type 92 automatic fire extinguishing and explosion suppression system, which consists of 6 relationship detectors, control box, 4 fire extinguishing bottles, emergency switch and cables. The system can suppress the explosion of oil-gas mixture in the battle cabin caused by hot jet within 50 milliseconds, and the pressure caused by oil-gas explosion can be limited within 0. 1 MPa, so that the degree of skin burn of passengers can be limited below 1 degree, thus extinguishing fire and suppressing explosion and preventing "secondary effect". In the fire extinguishing bottle, the liquid halon 130 1 extinguishing agent is filled with nitrogen, and the valve body is directly installed on the bottle mouth without using the distribution pipeline, which can greatly shorten the injection time.
FM communication is a kind of spread spectrum communication. As an important means of communication electronic countermeasures, it is widely used in the communication system of armored vehicles. The new VHF-2000 tank communication system is adopted on Type 98 tank, which has the characteristics of strong electronic countermeasures, good universality, convenient use and maintenance, high reliability, electromagnetic compatibility and good working performance of multiple machines on the same platform. On the right side of the back of the turret of Type 98 tank, there is a set of friend-or-foe identification and laser communication system, which uses laser friend-or-foe identification and laser light waves as carriers to transmit signals. This is a miniaturized multi-functional vehicle-mounted system, which can be used by commanders to identify the enemy and ourselves, transmit digital commands, conduct voice communication, and can also be developed into laser search. The omnidirectional receiving control head of the system can also be used for 0.9~ 1.06μm laser alarm. The system can resist the interference of light, electricity and magnetism, the working distance is ≥3.6 km, the vertical direction is-10 ~+45 degrees (the same as the captain's periscope), the horizontal direction is 360 degrees, the target identification time is ≤0.6 seconds, and there are 60 kinds of identification codes. The system can display the identification result. Digital communication instructions, general instructions for communication and vehicles waiting for communication.
There is a 9602 GPS navigation and positioning receiving antenna above the top deck on the right side of the tank turret tail cabin, which is responsible for receiving and amplifying the high-frequency signals emitted by navigation satellites, turning them into intermediate-frequency signals and sending them to the receiver. On the right deck in the rear cabin of the turret, the control instructions from the IF signal box of the antenna and the display controller of the GPS receiver are received and processed. The display controller is installed under the right seat ring in the turret and displays navigation information and input/output control instructions. 9602 GPS satellite navigator is a dual-channel C/A code receiver, which can observe the time sequence of four satellites in time-sharing, use the C/A code modulated on the carrier L 1 for ranging, and the navigation processor can calculate the three-dimensional position and speed in real time. If there are only three satellites available for observation, the receiver can take the manually input elevation or the elevation obtained from the last three-dimensional positioning as a known value, conduct two-dimensional positioning, and get the latitude and longitude values in real time. For military users, the latitude and longitude values can be converted into the coordinate values of China 94 Military Network. 9602 GPS receiver passive navigation, no accumulated error, good confidentiality. It can provide the crew with the rectangular coordinates of the three-dimensional coordinate army network where the tank is located at any time, and can provide data such as the direction and speed of the tank. Input target can provide the orientation and distance of the target. After entering multiple waypoints, the route can be established, and the yaw distance and the distance close to the target can be alarmed. The equipment itself has self-checking and fault diagnosis functions. 9602 GPS is a single coarse code positioning system with low accuracy (100 m), which can't meet some tactical requirements. "GLONSS/GPS" compatible navigation and positioning system has been successfully developed in China. Its accuracy can reach 20 meters. Single GPS is only a transitional product and will eventually be replaced by dual G compatible computers. Once the 98 improved tank is equipped with dual G compatible machines, it can be connected with vehicle-mounted radio, laser ranging and other equipment to form an inter-vehicle information system, which can realize various tactical tasks such as battlefield management, fire support, target rescue, friend or foe identification and so on. By then, the 98 improved tank will become the latest digital tank of the PLA.
A novel and unique device, the laser suppression aiming system, is installed on the base of the rear hatch of Type 98 tank gunner. Because the function of infrared jammer is limited to infrared guided missiles, it can't interfere with missiles guided by other methods. In order to have multi-functional jamming ability, tanks need to be equipped with a variety of different photoelectric countermeasures. When confronting the enemy, the system can play the role of jamming and suppressing the opponent's aiming system. The system is operated by commanders or gunners, and can emit laser beams to suppress and interfere with the enemy's aiming system. Because of the inherent characteristics of laser beam, since it can restrain the interference to the observation and aiming system, the harm to human body is self-evident. Especially for the eyes of the enemy personnel who use the direct-looking optical sight to observe their own, its killing effect is particularly obvious. In addition, the laser suppression aiming system can also interfere with the enemy's fire control and guidance systems (such as laser rangefinder, low-light-level night vision device, TV camera, sight, etc.). ) The use of visible light and near infrared photoelectric sensors makes them saturated and ineffective, and even causes permanent damage, that is, the instrument is blind, thus losing its combat capability. Similarly, in order to prevent the enemy from carrying out laser irradiation on their own, the drivers on Type 98 tanks are equipped with lightning protection mirrors. The laser suppression aiming system consists of microcomputer controller, tracking turntable and servo system, laser suppression instrument and thermal imaging jammer (gas laser transmitter). In order to realize the long-distance tracking and aiming of commanders and gunners, the tracking turntable adopts the digital position infinite loop control mode. The system can work 360 degrees in all directions, the pitch angle is-12 ~ 90 degrees, the tracking angular velocity is about 45 degrees/second, and the pitch is 40 degrees/second. It only takes 1 second from the time the gunner (or commander) presses the button to the time the system aims at the target. Laser output energy 1 000 MJ, pulse repetition frequency 10 times/second, maximum working distance of 4,000m, continuous working time of the system of 30 minutes, and laser life10.2 million times.
For a long time, the lack of high-power engines has been a major technical bottleneck restricting the level of China's main battle tanks. Through unremitting efforts, China successfully developed a variety of high-power diesel engines with 1200 horsepower at the end of 1980s. Among them, 150HB series 1200 HP turbocharged intercooled high-power diesel engine has excellent performance and was selected as the power system of Type 98 tank. It may be that the design concept of MB87 1ka50 1 engine of MTU company in Germany is referenced and borrowed, so the 150HB engine has amazing similarities with it.
Due to the installation of high-power engine, the unit power of 5 1 ton 98 tank reached 23.54 HP/ton, the maximum highway speed was as high as 70 km/h, and the acceleration time from 0 to 32 km was 12 second. Under the same output power, 150HB engine is lighter than CV 1200 engine installed on British Challenger tank 15%.
In order to meet the development requirements of armored forces, China successfully developed a world-class 150HB1500hb high-power engine for German MT883 engine in 1994. At present, the engine has been installed on the 98 improved tank. After testing, the maximum road speed and maximum off-road speed of the 98 improved tank are 80 km/h and 60 km/h respectively.
The traditional mechanical transmission and hydraulic control devices are still used on the Type 98 tank. The transmission device consists of a transmission box, two side gear boxes and a coaxial side transmission. The side gearbox is planetary, friction clutch, hydraulic control, 7 forward gears, 1 reverse gear. Each gearbox has two locking clutches and four mechanical brakes.
In the walking part, Type 98 tank consists of two double-pin rubber tracks (each track consists of 85 tracks, with a total mass of 2. 1 ton and a service life of 10000 km), six pairs of double-edge walking wheels with a diameter of 730 km, two pairs of rubber support wheels, two pairs of rubber support wheels, driving wheels and inducers, with the driving wheels at the back and the inducers at the front. The first, second and sixth wheels are equipped with hydraulic sleeve shock absorbers and Z-axis shock absorbers. The torsion bar of the suspension device is horizontally arranged along the bottom deck, and the pull rod of the control device is arranged along the side deck. Due to the improvement of the torsion bar, the road wheel travel is increased to 340 mm, which increases the average vehicle speed by 12%, and it only takes 10 second to accelerate from the parking state to 42 km/h.