Banana high-yield cultivation techniques are as follows:
First, the choice of banana garden
Banana planting should choose sloping fields or fields with abundant sunshine, air, fertile and loose soil, low groundwater level and good drainage. Panama disease is prone to occur due to high water level, poor drainage, high humidity and acidic soil.
Second, select seedlings
Test-tube seedlings should be selected, because they are carefully selected and cultivated from the aspects of plant shape, maturity, fruit shape, yield, etc., and because the test-tube seedlings have undergone strict quarantine, the possibility of diseases in the provenance is ruled out, and the occurrence and spread of various diseases are effectively prevented. Secondly, banana farmers should be selected to suck buds, and the selected mother plants should be healthy and disease-free, with short plant type, compact fruit comb, good banana shape and high yield.
Third, reasonable close planting and timely sowing.
Because plantain is tall and has a broad crown, the planting specification should be 2.5× 2.5m or 2.5× 3m mu, with 90- 1 10 plants. The furrow should be ditched to facilitate irrigation and drainage and reduce the groundwater level.
The growth period of bananas is generally 2-3 months longer than bananas, and it takes about 13 months from planting to budding, and 3-4 months from budding to harvesting. Therefore, in Yichun, autumn planting, spring planting and summer harvest are mainly in spring.
Fourthly, fertilizer and water management and water conservation by bud suction.
Banana plants are tall, with developed roots and rough growth, and need more nutrients. The fertilizer requirement is 2 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per plant, 3-4 kg of phosphate fertilizer 1 kg of potash fertilizer. Therefore, to prepare for planting, it is best to plant 20 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer or 15 kg of decomposed poultry manure as base fertilizer. In the early stage of topdressing, nitrogen fertilizer was mainly applied, and it was applied frequently and thinly, combined with potassium fertilizer and foliar fertilizer. After flower bud differentiation, compound fertilizer with high potassium content was mainly applied to promote fruit development. In the process of fertilization, attention should be paid to little or no damage to the root system to avoid Panama disease, and at the same time, appropriate lime should be applied to adjust the pH value in combination with the soil quality.
In order not to affect the yield of the fruiting parent plant, it is not suitable to leave more buds on bananas. It is suggested that only one bud should be left for subculture, and the direction of leaving buds in the same border should be the same, so as to ensure that the ear of the parent plant is upright and destroy the extra buds as soon as possible. It is advisable to leave buds for one month before and after germination.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Protection of plants and fruits Because banana trees are tall and have poor wind resistance, piles should be erected immediately after budding to prevent wind, and plastic bags should be put on buds and ears in winter to prevent frost.
6. Banana pest control The main pests and diseases of bananas are Panama disease, scab, yellow leaf disease, gray stripe disease, coal stripe disease, edge blight and other pests, such as weevil and leaf curl.
Panama disease belongs to soil venereal disease, also known as Fusarium wilt. At present, there is no ideal specific medicine, which is highly contagious. If it is not well controlled, it will lead to a devastating disaster. Therefore, prevention is the priority. In addition to planting in places with good drainage, low water level and loose soil, we should also choose disease-free seedlings for cultivation, preferably in vitro. Secondly, wash the soil. Use10kg bleaching powder mixed sand for 20-30kg per mu, spread it evenly in the garden before it rains, and let the rain wash it for three times, that is, once before planting, once every two months after planting and once before germination. If a diseased plant is found, it should be pulled out immediately and disinfected with lime to prevent spread.
Leaf spot diseases such as scab, yellow leaf disease, gray leaf spot and edge blight are still common diseases of bananas. At present, the more effective pesticides are Fendiluo (1500 times 25% EC spray) or Jiaofengbao of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Followed by carbendazim, thiophanate and methomyl.
Ground silkworm and weevil are the main bulbs and pseudostems that harm bananas, and they are serious stem borers in banana areas. For new plants, 50-100g carbofuran can be applied to each hole, or10-20g can be sprinkled around each banana head before bud germination. Other methods can also be used for long-acting systemic drugs, such as bisultap and bactam.
Regardless of pests and diseases, prevention is the priority. First, choose the ideal banana garden; Secondly, it is reasonable and close planting, and in winter, it is necessary to remove the diseased leaves, weeds and other branches that are easy to hide insects in the banana garden; Once again, chemical prevention and treatment, the disease must be treated with drugs. China Organic Agriculture Network