Boarding Guazhou
Author: Wang Anshi
Original text:
Jingkou and Guazhou are just separated by a water, and Zhongshan has only a few heavy green mountains.
The gentle spring breeze turns green again, but, moon in the sky, when can you take me home?
1, green: blow green.
2. When: When?
3.huan: Hui
Poetic:
There is only one Yangtze River between Jingkou and Guazhou, and Zhongshan, where I live, is hidden behind several mountains. The warm spring breeze blew the fields in the south of the Yangtze River green. When will the bright moon shine on me and return to my home at the foot of Zhongshan Mountain?
Appreciate:
The Appreciation Dictionary of Tang Poetry published by Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House comments on Wang Anshi's poem "Dengguazhou" in this way: The first sentence of Guazhou, at Jingkou, writes in a pleasant style that he crossed the river from Jingkou to Guazhou, and the word "water room" describes that the boat is fast and will arrive in an instant. In the second sentence, Zhongshan is separated by several mountains, and he wrote down his review of Zhongshan with nostalgia. The third sentence, "Spring breeze is green, Jiang Nanan is green", depicts a vibrant scenery, echoing the poet's mood of returning to Beijing. The word spring breeze is both realistic and political. Song Shenzong wrote a letter to restore Wang Anshi's phase, indicating his determination to implement the new law. In this respect, the poet is delighted. He hopes to warm the spring breeze, dispel the cold current of politics and create a new situation of political reform. The word "green" also reveals the poet's inner contradiction and expresses the author's desire to resign and return home as soon as possible, which is not clearly revealed until the end of the sentence. It is very representative to analyze the poetry of "Sailing in Guazhou" by strengthening the political color. However, there is an unreasonable contradiction in this analysis: the poet can neither have the joy of being recalled to Beijing if he wants to resign as soon as possible, nor have the idea of resigning as soon as he takes office in Beijing. The two are like fire and water, and fire and water are incompatible. Some critics assert that the poet's return to politics this time can be described as a triumphant return and a pleasant surprise. The so-called homesickness when the bright moon shines on me is just a pretentious word and can't be taken seriously. The spring breeze in Jiang Nanan is green. What is said in the bones is gratitude to the emperor, an optimistic description of the implementation prospect of the new law, and the poet's inner empathy for the joy of governance. The emotional tone of this poem is cheerful and optimistic.
The above two theories are the most representative arguments to interpret the poem "Sailing in Guazhou". However, interpreting this poem as a political lyric is neither in line with the poet's specific fate and mood when he created this poem, nor with the connotation of the artistic image constructed by this poem itself. "Boating in Guazhou" should be a pure homesick poem, and its emotional tone should be melancholy and sad, without the color of relaxation, joy and optimism.
The poet was 55 years old when he wrote this poem. In recent years, the court has been arguing and criticizing the new law and the old law endlessly, which makes the implementation of the new law very difficult. Therefore, Wang Anshi, who had some negative thoughts, experienced two setbacks and was exhausted because of the implementation of the new law, and he had a strong sense of boredom with politics. During his dismissal from office, he wrote many poems describing natural scenery and expressing leisure. Wang Anshi resigned twice and could not reuse the imperial court, which was responsible for making peace. Therefore, he is very reluctant to go to the appointment this time. After he came to power, he repeatedly requested to remove the post of Prime Minister. Finally, in the second year after his comeback, he got his wish and returned to his hometown Jiangning to live a comfortable and secluded life. It can be seen from this short comeback process that returning to power in the DPRK is not what Wang Anshi expected, but what he is keen on. On the contrary, he regarded his comeback as a fearful road and refused to resign many times. Obviously, when writing "Boating in Guazhou" with such a lucky mentality, it is inevitable that there will be melancholy, sadness and depression between the lines, and it is inevitable that there will be no deep attachment to the hometown that is about to leave. How can he express his joy of returning to the spring breeze and green Jiang Nanan? Look at the poem itself. When the bright moon shines on me is the theme of this poem. It sets a melancholy emotional tone for the whole poem in the form of direct expression, and clearly tells people that the poet has no joy in returning to politics, and he is even more eager to try. On the contrary, the poet is far from reaching the capital, and his hometown has not disappeared from sight. In his mind, he has sincerely sent out the idea of going home. Isn't this homesickness deep and sincere? The bright moon sent me away today. When will the bright moon send me back? The official career is sinister, and good or bad luck is unpredictable. The word "dang" is a heavy sigh from the poet's heart, which contains the poet's concern about the sinister career and the future of the new law. Poetic worries are deep and the style is desolate. It was a sigh as deep as his voice, a true and natural expression of the poet's depressed mentality.
On the other hand, judging from the emotional tone of homesickness set in the conclusion, it is impossible to emphasize the speed of the ship in time to write the poet's relaxed mood in A Water in Guazhou, Jingkou. Just like Zhongshan, which is only separated by a few mountains, it emphasizes the distance between the mountains and rivers in my hometown and the poets who traveled to Guazhou in Jiangbei at this time. At this time, the poet stopped in Guazhou and looked back at the south. The familiar and cordial Jingkou is only separated by water, and Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains. It's really close at hand. However, the spatial proximity reflects the poet's psychological distance. Because my hometown is so close, but it is out of reach. And with the passage of time, the distance will get bigger and bigger, what's more, I don't know when I will come back, and I don't know when I will see the mountains and rivers of this hometown again. Even he may think more pessimistically whether he can return to his hometown in the future. Here, the poet used the artistic technique that the opposites complement each other from the near to the far, euphemistically and implicitly expressed the sadness and helplessness in the poet's heart, and showed the great sense of loss and loneliness in the poet's heart. In fact, the Yangtze River, several mountains, the spatial distance between them is also very large. The poet writes in a short way to emphasize the poet's strong attachment to his hometown, which is a natural expression of his nostalgia for his hometown. How can he be relaxed and happy?
It is precisely because the theme of this poem is to express deep homesickness that the focus of the third sentence of the poem, Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan, does not fall on the description of the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, as the general theorists say, and its language focus is not green words but re-words. The reason why people especially appreciate the vivid, colorful and infectious description of beautiful spring scenery with green adjectives as verbs lies in the well-known story of refining characters recorded in Hong Mai's Preface to Rongzhai. In fact, Wang Anshi did not deliberately describe the beauty of spring scenery in Jiangnan here. He focused his poems on the word "you" rather than the word "green". What he wants to express is that the spring breeze is still affectionate. He knows that Jiang Nanan is green every year, but the poet himself has to leave his hometown in Jiangnan against his will and return to his official career when the spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan. The future of this trip is unpredictable. I don't know when I can return to my hometown in Jiangnan. It is a true portrayal of the poet's infinite homesickness.
It is precisely because of the layering of the first three sentences that feelings are in the landscape, and when the bright moon at the end of the sentence will express homesickness with my dripping pen, it will naturally come out and bring homesickness to the extreme. From this perspective, Wang Anshi's visit to Guazhou is not a political lyric poem, but a pure homesickness poem.
The spring breeze in February is like scissors.
The spring breeze in February is like scissors.
The Willow
Author: He
Original text:
Jasper dressed as a tree, hanging down ten thousand green silk tapestries.
I don't know who cut the thin leaves, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors.
Precautions:
1, Liu Yong: a poem of Liuzhi Ci.
2. Jasper: Describe the color of willow branches and leaves. The new willow in spring is green and swaying, just like Yushu.
3, makeup: decoration, dressing up.
Poetic:
The willow in early spring is green, just like a graceful beauty, and those thousands of strands of hanging silk are like green nepotism. I don't know who cut this green leaf, but it was carefully cut by the spring breeze in February.
Appreciate:
This is an object-chanting poem about willow trees in early spring and February.
The beauty of willow image lies in Naman's long branches. Once a year, it grows new green leaves and hangs down, which has a charming posture in the spring breeze. This is something that everyone can appreciate. In classical poetry, readers often see this kind of imagery beauty to describe and compare a beautiful woman's slim figure and graceful waist. This poem is original. Turn it over. Jasper pretended to be a tree. At first, the willow appeared as a beauty: ten thousand green silk tapestries hung down, and these countless hanging silk became her nepotism. The high word in the previous sentence sets off the graceful charm of the beautiful Tingting; The vertical character of the next sentence implies that the slender waist is swaying in the wind. There are no words of willow and waist branches in the poem, but the beauty embodied by weeping willow and willow in early spring is vividly written. "Southern History" says that Liu Yong is the secretariat of Yizhou, presenting several Shu Liu, which is very long and looks like silk thread. Emperor Wu of Qi planted these willows in Taichang Cloud and in front of the temple, but he didn't say they were romantic and lovely. Here, wicker is said to be a green silk belt, which may be the hidden use of this famous allusion about willow. But it's a waste, and you can't see any traces.
Jasper makeup leads to blue silk tapestry, and blue silk tapestry leads to who cuts it out. Finally, scissors vividly describe the invisible and unpredictable spring breeze. These scissors cut out bright green flowers and plants, and put on a new makeup for the earth. It is the symbol of natural vitality and the inspiration of spring to people's beauty. From jasper makeup to scissors, readers can see a series of processes of the poet's artistic conception. A series of images in poetry are closely linked.
In ancient China, there were many famous beauties, Liu. Why should we compare them with Jasper? This has two meanings: first, the name Jasper is related to the color of willow, and Jasper and the green in the next sentence complement each other. Second, Jasper will always leave a young impression in people's hearts. Mention Jasper, people will think of Jasper songs that were widely circulated when Jasper broke the melon, and poems such as Jasper's little daughter (Xiao Yi picking lotus poems). Jasper has almost become a general term for young and beautiful women in ancient literary works. Comparing willow with jasper, people will imagine that this beauty has not yet reached its heyday; This willow is still a willow in early spring, and it is not the time to hide crows with dense branches and leaves; This is also related to the fine leaf spring breeze in February below.
Jasper dressed as a tree, hung with ten thousand green silk tapestries, deeply grasped the characteristics of weeping willows. In the poet's eyes, it is like the embodiment of beauty. The tall trunk is like her graceful charm, drooping wicker, like the ribbon on her skirt. Here, willow is a person, and this person is willow. There seems to be no obvious difference between the two. Jasper also has a pun meaning. Literally, it is in harmony with the green of willow trees, and it also refers to young and beautiful girls, which just echoes the spring breeze in February below. This is the weeping willow in early spring, and it is not yet time for the trees to be graceful and mellow in summer and autumn. But the following two sentences are better: I don't know who is carrying thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors. Before he opened it, who thought the spring breeze was like scissors? Turning the warm and cold February spring breeze from invisible to tangible shows the magic and dexterity of the spring breeze, making Singing Willow a poetic model of describing the object.
This poem sings the spring breeze through the willow tree, compares the spring breeze to scissors, says that she is the creator of beauty, and praises her for cutting out the spring. This poem is full of people's joy in early spring. The novelty and appropriateness of metaphor and metaphor is the success of this poem. Therefore, "Notes on Tang Poems" says: things are wonderful, and the meaning is soft.
The whole poem of horseshoe disease in spring breeze
The whole poem of horseshoe disease in spring breeze
After graduation
Author: Meng Jiao
Original text:
The previous filth was not enough to brag, but now there is no end to debauchery.
In the spring breeze, this proud horse runs at the speed of two beats. I visited all the sights of Chang 'an gracefully in one day.
Precautions:
1, Deng Ke: The imperial examination system was implemented in the Tang Dynasty. In the exam, the Jinshi was called his younger brother. After the second interview of the official department, he was awarded the title of Deng Ke.
2.w chu: It means dirty, which means unsatisfactory situation.
3, don't brag: it's not worth mentioning.
4, debauchery (dng): free and unrestrained.
5, thinking is boundless: high interest.
6, proud: refers to the achievement of fame, contentment is always happy.
7. illness: fast.
Poetic:
In the past, when the imperial examination was unsuccessful and the mind was depressed and narrow, it was really not worth mentioning. Nowadays, Xiao Sa is broad-minded, free and boundless in thoughts. Riding in the warm spring breeze, I am full of pride and galloping on the wide street. The sound of hooves seems particularly relaxed and quick, as if you can see all the flowers in Chang 'an in one day.
Appreciate:
Meng Jiao, a scholar at the age of 46, thinks he can get ahead, lucky strike, the Great Leap Forward. Full of uncontrollable joy, it became this unique poem. This poem is more widely known because it leaves two idioms: spring breeze and a cursory tour.
The poet was the last one twice, and this time he went to high school, as if he had crossed the ocean of suffering at once and reached the peak of joy. Therefore, at the beginning of the poem, the ecstasy in the heart is directly poured out, saying that the previous life difficulties and ideological uneasiness are not worth mentioning. At this time, doingno. 1 is finally proud and free, which is really inexhaustible. In the spring breeze, this proud horse runs at the speed of two beats. I visited all the sights of Chang 'an gracefully in one day. The poet was elated and triumphant, so he rode his horse on the flowery Chang 'an Avenue facing the spring breeze. Happiness makes people full of courage. At this time, the poet was in high spirits, not only feeling the spring breeze, the sky was high and the clouds were light, the avenue was flat and wide, but even his own horse was flying fast. There are countless spring flowers in such a big Chang 'an, and he saw them all in one day. What a slut! The poet's feelings and scenery, which means success with a pen, not only vividly describes his self-satisfaction after high school, but also expresses his self-satisfaction heartily, which is clear, smooth and unique. Therefore, these two poems have become people's favorite famous sentences throughout the ages, and two idioms have been derived.
According to the Tang system, the Jinshi exam was held in autumn, and the ranking was awarded in the spring of the following year. At this time in Chang 'an, the spring breeze is blowing gently and the spring flowers are in full bloom. Qujiang and Xingyuan in the southeast of the city are spring-like all the year round. In those days, the new Jinshi banquet was held here, and the whole family was here (volume 3 of Don Yi Yan). The new Jinshi is full of spring scenery, paving the road and throwing flowers to welcome Ma Hong (Zhao Wei's "New ancestors want to keep secrets this year, and they must present books and congratulations at every banquet"). It can be seen that "Spring Breeze" and "Bloom at Once" are the actual situations. However, the poet does not stick to the objective description of the scenery, but highlights the dissoluteness of his own feelings: he can't help spitting out the word "proud" and wants to see all the Chang 'an flowers in one day. He can't gallop on Chang 'an Road, which is crowded with horses and chariots and tourists competing for scenery. It is impossible to see all the spring flowers in one day in such a big Chang 'an. But the poet can think that the pounding of hooves that day was particularly mild, and he can also say that he saw all the Chang 'an flowers in one day. Although unreasonable, but affectionate, because the writing is true feelings, so I don't feel ridiculous. At the same time, this poem also has symbolic significance: the spring breeze is not only the spring breeze of nature, but also a symbol of the emperor's luck. The so-called ambition is full, not only refers to the mood, but also refers to Jinshi and things. Poetry is very ideological and artistic, clear and fluent, and has a unique charm, so the spring breeze is proud of horseshoe disease, and seeing all the flowers in Chang 'an in one day has become a famous sentence that future generations like.
Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red.
Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red.
Jiangnan spring
Author: Du Mu
Original text:
Jiangnan, the sound of green and red flowers, the waterside village in the foothills.
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.
Precautions:
1, Guo: the outer wall built outside the city in ancient times.
2. Wine flag: wine scorpion, the same sign as the flag hanging in front of the hotel.
3. Southern and Northern Dynasties: Southern Song Dynasty, Qi Dynasty, Liang Dynasty and Chen Dynasty were collectively called Southern Dynasties. At that time, Buddhism prevailed and temples were widely distributed.
Poetic:
Thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River, everywhere is full of singing and dancing, pink and green, a scene full of spring. In villages near the water and battlements surrounded by mountains, there are wine flags fluttering in the wind everywhere. There are temples full of cigarettes, and pavilions stand in the misty rain.
Appreciate:
This song "Jiangnan Spring" has enjoyed a high reputation for thousands of years. These four poems not only describe the richness of spring scenery in Jiangnan, but also describe its vastness, profundity and confusion.
Jiangnan, the sound of green and red flowers, the waterside village in the foothills. The beginning of the poem, like a fast-moving focal plane, swept across the southern land: the vast south of the Yangtze River, orioles singing, green trees reflecting clusters of red flowers; Villages by the water, battlements by the mountain, and wine flags fluttering in the wind are all in sight. Charming Jiangnan, moved by the poet's brilliant pen, is even more exciting. In addition to the richness of the scenery, I am afraid it is different from some garden attractions, confined to a corner, but because it is spread over a large area of land. Therefore, if there is no word "a thousand miles" at the beginning, these two sentences will be weak. But Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty said in Poems of Sheng 'an Temple: Who can smell it thousands of miles away? Thousands of miles of green reflect red, who can see it? Walking ten miles, you can see the scenery of green and red, with village Guo, balcony, monk temple and wine flag. For this kind of opinion, he ever refuted it in Textual Research on Poetry in Past Dynasties: even ten miles may not be all audible and visible. The title cloud "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River" shows that Wan Li in the south of the Yangtze River is vast, and among the Wan Li, birds are singing and reflecting the green. There are no wine flags everywhere in Shuicun Mountain, and most of the towers of the 480 Hall are in the misty rain. Since this poem has a wide meaning, it is not allowed to refer to a place, so it is correct to say that He Huan Wen in "Jiangnan Spring" is for the needs of literary and artistic typical generalization, and the last two sentences are equally applicable. More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain. From the first two sentences, it should be a sunny scene with singing and dancing, red and green setting each other off and wine flags fluttering, but these two sentences are clearly written in the misty rain. What's going on here? This is because within a thousand miles, rain or shine is uncertain everywhere, which is completely understandable. But what needs to be seen is that the poet grasped the characteristics of Jiangnan scenery with typical techniques. Jiangnan is characterized by beautiful mountains and rivers, bright flowers, intricate colors, rich levels and strong three-dimensional sense. While reducing thousands of miles to a scale, the poet focused on the colorful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River in spring. The first two sentences of the poem are red and green, mountains and rivers, villages and battlements, movements and sounds. But these are not rich enough, and they only depict the bright side of Jiangnan in spring. So the poet added a wonderful stroke: 480 halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy. The resplendent and magnificent Buddhist temple gives people a deep feeling, and the poet deliberately lets it linger in the misty rain, adding a hazy and blurred color. Such pictures and colors are in harmony with thousands of miles of warblers singing green and reflecting red, and with the bright wind of Shuicun Mountain National Wine Flag, which makes this picture of spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River more colorful. The word "Southern Dynasties" adds a distant historical color to this picture. Four hundred and eighty is a saying that the Tang people emphasize quantity. The poet first emphasized that there was more than one magnificent Buddhist temple, and then received such a sigh in the misty rain on the balcony, which was particularly reverie.
This poem shows the poet's praise and yearning for the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. However, some researchers have pointed out that the emperors of the Southern Dynasties in China's history were famous for Buddhism, and that the Buddhism in Du Mu's era was also a vicious development, and that Du Mu had the irony of anti-Buddhism, so the last two sentences were ironic. In fact, the interpretation of poetry should first start from the artistic image, and should not make abstract inferences. Du Mu's opposition to Buddhism does not mean that he must hate the Buddhist temple architecture left over from history. In Xuanzhou, he often goes to Kaiyuan Temple and other places to play. I have also been to some temples in Chizhou and made friends with monks. Famous poems, such as Yunzhe Temple on Jiuhua Mountain Road, Liu Fuqiao on Qingyi River, the place where autumn mountains and spring rains leisurely sing, and the temple buildings all over the south of the Yangtze River, all show that he still appreciates the balcony of Buddhist temples. Of course, while enjoying it, it is also possible to drift a little historical emotion occasionally.