Brief introduction of black tomato
Black tomato, which can be used as medicine and food, is a treasure in the tomato family. It has a strong fruit fragrance, high nutritional value and very sweet taste. Especially suitable for fresh food. It contains 10 times more lycopene, vitamin C and antioxidants than red tomatoes, and is easily absorbed by human body. Black tomato mainly contains a lot of anthocyanins, which can produce strong biological effects in human body, especially anti-cancer. Moderate consumption can revitalize the declining sexual function of men and women. Black tomatoes have the function of nourishing yin and strengthening yang for men, reducing the chances of men suffering from prostate cancer and heart disease.
Planting techniques of black tomato
(a), sowing date:
The sowing date of southern black tomato can be divided into early August and early June of 1. The northern region is suitable for greenhouse cultivation, and the middle and late August is the most suitable; It is advisable to sow in summer in high altitude and cold areas in the south, or plant in cold areas after raising seedlings on flat land, which can solve the problem of balanced supply throughout the year. Cultivation in late autumn should be carried out in protected areas or greenhouse facilities, with the best quality.
(2) Seedling raising:
Generally speaking, black tomatoes are first cultivated in seedbeds. When the seedlings grow to two leaves with one heart, they can be transplanted to 8? Continue to raise seedlings in an 8cm nutrient bowl until four leaves are one heart or five leaves are one heart, and then transplant to the field for planting.
Spreading the seedbed base fertilizer, mixing it into the bed soil with a depth of 5 cm, making a high bed, sowing, covering it with straw, and watering. Cover the grass after germination, pull out the grass and top dressing once every other week, twice; When the seedlings grow to four true leaves in the nutrient bowl, they should be planted early and transplanted with soil is the best. The seedling raising period is about 20~25 days. The first generation hybrid seeds are expensive, so it is advisable to save seed quantity. When the second leaf is unfolded, it is dug out without soil and transplanted into the above-mentioned nutrition bowl, and the effect is the best. The best effect is to add decomposed organic fertilizer to the original soil for seedbed and nutrition bowl.
(3), border planting:
After the land is plowed and harrowed, according to local farming habits and the width of row spacing, furrow is opened and base fertilizer is applied, and the ridge is covered with soil to make a high ridge. According to the variety and cultivation method, the width and width of the ridge are quite scalable, as shown in the table.
Profile width
The number of rows in the border, the number of plants planted per mu, and the planting method.
120cm double row 45cm 2000 rows whole vine cultivation.
130cm double row 45cm 1800 column vine cultivation.
140cm double row 45cm 1600 whole vine cultivation.
Choose neat seedlings, plant them on the border with base fertilizer, plant one plant every other plant spacing, and then water the roots to ensure that the tomato seedlings do not turn green.
(4), columns and pruning:
Pruning cultivation must insert columns. Advantages of pruning cultivation with columns:
(1), early maturity and good effect.
(2) The fruit has a large and neat shape and high gloss.
(3) Good ventilation and light transmission, less pests and diseases, and good spraying effect.
(4) It can also be cultivated in rainy season to improve the utilization rate.
(5) Harvesting is labor-saving and the cost is reduced.
(6) High yield per unit area.
(7) the fruit is clean.
Pruning cultivation of black tomato usually adopts single stem or double stem pruning. When pruning a single stem, only one terminal bud on the main branch continues to grow, and other lateral buds appearing between leaf axils are picked at a young age. When pruning with two stems, all lateral buds should be picked as soon as possible except one terminal bud on the main branch and one lateral bud under the first inflorescence. In the land with short growth period, in order to finish the harvest ahead of time, leaving a leaf above the 7~ 10 panicle can not only promote the fruits on the remaining inflorescences to mature early, but also make the fruits more orderly. If there are leaf buds on the flower spike, pick them; After the results come out, abnormal fruits and fruits with pests and diseases should also be picked as soon as possible to avoid consuming nutrition. The column should be inserted after the first intertillage and topdressing and before the first flowering. Columns can be inserted vertically, with crossed borders and crossed borders. When the stem is elongated, it is tied to the post at any time.
(5), fertilizer and fertilization:
Nitrogen fertilizer has the most obvious effect on black tomato, and potassium fertilizer is also indispensable. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer is several times that of common tomato, which is beneficial to the production of melanin. When the application amount is insufficient, the plant grows weak and the yield is low; Too much application, thick stems and large leaves, easily lead to overgrowth, flowering, calcium deficiency, disease, flat and deformed fruits. Phosphorus fertilizer can promote the development of new roots and improve pollination rate, which is more important in the early stage of growth. Due to the lack of calcium (lime) and boron, black tomatoes are prone to quality degradation and pests, so we should pay attention to rational application. Reference should be made to soil fertility, cultivation methods, fertilizer sources and prices, local fertilization experience, etc. Generally, organic fertilizer is the main fertilizer, with more than 2000 kg of compost per mu, and the ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium fertilizer is 22: 10: 19. Composting is mainly deep application and early application. In order to improve the quality of black tomatoes and quickly increase the sugar content, 100 kg vegetable cake fertilizer can be applied per mu.
During the pruning cultivation of black tomato, the base fertilizer was ditched and applied to deep soil, and after the first planting (10 day after the agreed planting), topdressing was applied around the plant 10 cm. The second time, before inserting the column, apply it to the border, and then cultivate the soil; The third time, 20~30 days after the second time, was applied to the ditch edge. Irrigation after topdressing.
(6) Other management:
Tillage and weeding should be carried out before the first and second topdressing, and the roots should be covered with soil at the later growth stage, so it is not suitable to plough and hoe again. Herbicide can be used for weeding in black tomato field, refer to the application method of herbicide in vegetable garden. Although tomatoes are relatively dry-resistant, their growth will be inhibited if they are too dry; The soil should not be dry after planting, but it should not be irrigated too much after survival, otherwise it will easily lead to overgrowth and soil-borne diseases. Pay attention to drainage when it rains, and don't let water accumulate in the side ditch. Applying grass on the border during high temperature, rainy season and drought period can prevent soil temperature from being too high, soil erosion, soil surface hardening and soil moisture evaporation. Pruning should be carried out in sunny days, and abnormal fruits and diseases and insect pests should be picked as soon as possible. If conditions permit, it is best to cover the border with a two-color or black plastic film.
The role of black tomato
It has been proved by the medical profession that eating black tomatoes often has the magical effect of nourishing yin and strengthening yang, and has a good effect on prostatitis. Black tomato mainly contains a lot of anthocyanins, which can produce strong biological effects in human body. Moderate consumption can revitalize the declining sexual function of men and women. It has been proved by the medical profession that black tomatoes have the function of nourishing yin and strengthening yang for men, reducing the chances of men suffering from prostate cancer and heart disease. Has effects in nourishing yin, protecting kidney, whitening skin, reducing weight, and preventing and treating female cancer. At present, there is no large-scale commercial black tomato supply in China's market, and there are few large-scale black tomato planting bases. Thankfully, last winter and this spring, planting enthusiasts from all over the world have begun to realize the potential value of black tomatoes and enthusiastically carried out introduction experiments. I believe that this treasure will definitely go to the public table in the future!
The British "Guardian" reported that the research results of Canadian researchers sponsored by a tomato sauce company found that black tomatoes contain more lycopene, antioxidants and vitamin C than red tomatoes, which is more reasonable in structure and easier to be absorbed by the human body. It can prevent breast cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer and heart disease, especially breast cancer. According to this study, eating black tomatoes can reduce the risk of prostate cancer and heart disease in men. So always eat fresh black tomatoes or black ketchup to keep healthy.
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