Rare plants of Theaceae in Camellia sinensis. Wild tea trees (including cultivated wild tea trees), also known as Pu 'er tea, are distributed in southern Yunnan and Hainan. Chaduiwang is a large plant in Yunnan with a tree age of over 800 years. Although local measures have been taken to protect it, it is still disturbed by human beings. If management and protection are not strengthened, it will be in danger of being destroyed and killed. With the increase of population, the natural forests in Hainan have shrunk dramatically. At the same time, many people gather wild tea in the mountains around Tomb-Sweeping Day every year, and the number of wild tea trees is also decreasing. Morphological characteristics are evergreen trees or shrubs, with a height of 5- 13(-20) m and a trunk diameter of more than 1 m; Young branches and leaves are puberulent. Leaves leathery, oval or obovate oblong, 4-8(- 12) cm long and 1.8-4.5 cm wide. First, the wedge blade at the root of the blunt knife is serrated, and both sides are smooth and hairless. Petiole 3-7 mm long, solitary flowers or 2-4 cymes white, 2.5-3.5 cm in diameter, fragrant, pedicel 6- 10 mm long, recurved; Sepals 5(6), rounded, persistent in fruit; Petals 7-8(-9), broadly obovate or round; Stamens are numerous, and the outer filaments fuse to form a short tube; Ovary 3-loculed, hairy outside, style 3-lobed at the top. Capsule is spherical or oblate, about 25 cm in diameter, and the fruit is leathery; Seeds 1 or 2, nearly spherical, slightly angular, about 1.5- 1.8 cm in diameter, light brown. The geographical distribution mainly produces Menghai, Mengla, Simao, Gengma, Cangyuan, Shuangjiang, Lincang, Yuanjiang, Jingdong, Dali, Pingbian, Hekou, Maguan, Malipo, Wenshan, Xichou and Guangnan in Yunnan, with debts in Panxian and Rongjiang in Guizhou, Fusui and Zhaoping in Guangxi, Nanjing in Fujian, Ruyuan and Liannan in Guangdong. Born in subtropical and tropical mountain forests at an altitude of 1 200- 1 400 meters. It is also distributed in northern Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and India. Ecological and biological characteristics Yunnan distribution area mostly belongs to monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in southern subtropical mountainous area. The annual average temperature of Nannuo Mountain in Menghai is 17- 19℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 22.3℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is -5.4℃ (appearing in 65438+ 10 month). The annual rainfall is 1 300- 1 400 mm, and the soil is mostly lateritic red soil and yellow lateritic red soil. It is a hilly and gully with dense clouds in dry season, moist air, deep soil layer, good drainage and rich humus. The flowering period is September-165438+10, and the fruiting period is April-June, sometimes flowers and fruits coexist. Wild tea trees are often harvested, and their natural reproduction is poor, and there are few seedlings under the forest. The main related tree species are Schima superba and Quercus truncatum of Schima Emei. Etwils。 And Pu Wennan of Pu Wennan. Wild tea trees with conservation value originated in southern China, especially in southern Yunnan. It is one of the Cenozoic ancient plants, which is of great significance to the study of the origin and evolution of tea trees. Yunnan Pu 'er tea leaves are famous wines since ancient times, and its seeds are rich in oil, which can be used as edible oil or industrial oil. Protective measures: protective measures should be strengthened for extra-large wild tea trees, and it is forbidden to pick leaves and fruits. It is suggested that Nannuo Mountain in Menghai, Yunnan Province, which is concentrated in distribution, should be designated as the protection point of wild tea trees in order to maintain the necessary ecological environment and create a natural breeding zone. Camellia in Daheishan is a kind of wild tea in Daheishan, Yunnan Province, which has the same origin and habitat as wild tea trees and should also be protected. The key point of cultivation is to propagate with seeds, which have a short life span and should be sown immediately after harvest. The cultivation method is the same as tea tree.