1. Color: Hetian jade has different colors, such as white, turquoise, black and yellow. , with white and cyan as the keynote, the tone is more uniform. White, especially suet white jade, is unique to Hetian jade. The whiteness of high-grade Russian materials is higher than that of most high-grade Hetian jade. Good Russian materials are extremely white, but not waxy white and slightly bluish white. Their whiteness is not subtle and soft, and the "felt" structure is obvious (visible to the naked eye). Although Qinghai jade is easy to color, it is not easy to polish, and it is easy to peel and dull.
Second, texture: Hetian jade is dense and delicate, moist and soft, with oily luster, giving people a soft feeling, especially white jade. Other jade also has delicate texture, but its moisture and grease luster are not as good as Hetian jade. In particular, the Russian material is getting more and more thorough, from muddy white to dry white. Although it is extremely white on white cloth, it is dry in hand. One of the characteristics of Qinghai material is that it is "dry" and has no oiliness, but be careful that some businessmen soak Qinghai material in oil, and the ugliness will be exposed after a long time; The second is "transparency", mostly transparent. In contrast, Hetian jade is more moist, crystal clear, oily or waxy, and has a strong moisturizing feeling, and the more you play, the more oily it is, generally slightly transparent or translucent, and the hand feels heavy and smooth. ?
3. Skin color: Hetian jade seed material has thin skin color and no stone skin. Its seed material is repeatedly impacted by Yulong River, and the separation degree is different due to different environments. Loose seed material is removed, and what remains is always solid. Because Hetian jade has no environmental conditions and the stone skin remains unchanged, but Russian material is brighter (more like Qin color) and the stone skin is thicker, so it is particularly important to distinguish seed materials with skin.
There are ordinary jade represented by Xiuyu, and there are also Russian jade and Qinghai jade posing as Hetian jade.
1. Distinguish nephrite from jade
Hetian jade has certain indexes in texture, hardness and specific gravity. Xiuyan jade is produced in Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province, and its texture, hardness and specific gravity are not as good as Hetian jade. In addition, xiuyan jade's mining capacity is large and things are cheap, so the market price is very cheap.
Because of its delicate texture, sufficient water head and luster from flowers to oil, Xiuyu is often made old to pretend to be Laotian jade. However, xiuyan jade is easy to eat with a knife. The best way to identify it is to carve it a few times with an ordinary knife. It's xiuyan jade who eats the knife, but Hetian jade who doesn't. If you don't have a knife, just look carefully at the place where the knife is collected when carving. Hetian jade won't grow long hair at the knife, but Xiuyu will. In addition, jade feels light, and its sound is dull when it is struck, unlike Hetian jade.
In addition to Xiuyu jade, there are other ordinary jade used to pretend to be Hetian jade, and its identification method is roughly the same as above.
2. Distinguish Hetian jade from Russian jade and Qinghai jade.
Qinghai in China and Central Asia in the former Soviet Union now also produce a kind of jade, commonly known as Qinghai jade and Russian jade, which is estimated to be produced by Tianshan branch, so the ore composition is similar. This kind of jade is mostly white and looks like waxy grease, so it is easy to pass off as white jade. And its hardness is the same as that of white jade, so it can't be used to identify authenticity. However, this kind of jade contains high timely content, so compared with white jade, it is rough, japonica, brittle and transparent. Often exposed to the sun and rain, it is easy to get separated, cracked and discolored. In particular, hetian jade and Russian jade are compared together, one is glutinous and the other is japonica; One is white run, and the other is "dead white". The difference between them is self-evident. At the same time, it is not difficult to distinguish crisp sound from dull sound when knocking at the door.
3. The difference between Hetian jade and "material"
Glass is usually used as Hetian jade in workshops, commonly known as "material". The identification in this respect is relatively not too difficult. Generally speaking, the color of glass is the same, there is no natural change, and there are bubbles inside (some can be removed by sculptors); Its material is relatively pure, relatively pure, unlike Hetian jade with jade stalks, but with natural crystals such as cotton and radish filaments; Observing with a magnifying glass, the pores of the glass are much thicker than those of Hetian jade, and the fracture is bright shell-shaped, while Hetian jade is dark and uneven. Glass has low hardness and is easy to eat knives, while Hetian jade has high hardness and does not eat knives. In addition, the glass paste on the sensitive part of the face is cooler than jade. In addition, when knocking at the door, it is dull and crisp.
Physical properties of hetian jade
The physical properties of Hetian jade are roughly as follows:
Specific gravity: 2.9 ~ 3. 1 (containing more actinolite and higher specific gravity)
Hardness: 5.5 ~ 6.5 (Mohs hardness)
Pressure resistance: 7 tons/cm2 (the pressure resistance of iron is 4 ~ 5 tons/cm2).
Fracture: serrated
Stripe: white
Transparency: translucent ~ opaque
Gloss: fatty luster, waxy luster, silk luster, shell luster and glass luster (fatty luster and glass luster are related to polishing methods, while waxy luster, silk luster and shell luster are related to the chemical composition, distribution, structural arrangement and water content of jade).
Color:
Natural colors of jadeite: white, yellow, cyan, aquamarine, reddish brown (sugar color) and black.
Mottled color: the color of mineral mixed with jade.
Skin color: white, red, yellow, brown and black.
Coloring: It varies with manual dyeing.
Qin colors: yellow, black, red, brown, white, green, yellow teeth, khaki, etc.