Knowledge about Malaysia - Health Preservation Learning Network

Knowledge about Malaysia

Malaysia

(Malay) Malaysia

National flag and national emblem

National motto: Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu (Malay)

"unite as one, improve quality"

National anthem: My motherland.

physical geography

(Actual jurisdiction)

Capital Kuala Lumpur

Pucheng, the seat of the central government

Kuala Lumpur, the largest city: 2.5 million people (2007)

Johor Bahru: 654.38+800,000 people (2009)

Penang: 65,438+500,000 (2008)

Ipoh:1million (2007)

Kuching: 600,000 (2007)

Kota Kinabalu: 550,000 people (2007)

zone

Land area: 329,750 square kilometers (64th in the world).

Water area ratio: 0.3%

Time zone UTC+8 (no daylight saving time)

People's lives

The official language is Malay.

Lishu Malay

Human population

Total population: 28,365,438+00,000 in 2009 (43rd in the world).

Population density: 69 people/km2 (97th in the world).

Household power supply

Voltage: 240 volts

Socket: g

Malays: 50.4%

China people: 23.7%

Indians: 7. 1%

Other nationalities: 18.8%

Other ethnic groups are Kada Mountain and Iban.

The main religions are Islam, Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity and Hinduism.

Gregorian calendar

The road traffic direction keeps to the left.

The main festivals are Eid al-Fitr, Lunar New Year, Lantern Festival and National Day.

Political culture

National Constitution Malaysia Constitution

State structure form federalism

State power capitalist country

Political system: Westminster system, constitutional monarchy

national leader

Head of State (Supreme Head of State): Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin Ibni.

Head of Government (Prime Minister): Datuk Srinaki Abdullah Tarmugl.

State leaders (separation of powers)

Management ([[Malaysia |]):

Legislation ([[Malaysia |]):

Justice ([[Malaysia |]):

State leaders (separation of powers)

Management ([[Malaysia |]):

Legislation ([[Malaysia |]):

Justice ([[Malaysia |]):

National leaders ()

economic strength

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Total:

Per capita income:

GDP (international exchange rate)

Total: $397.5 billion

Per capita: $7,866

Human development index

The following information is an estimate for 2008.

0.823- high

Central Bank of Malaysia National Bank

(Malay: Central Bank of Malaysia)

Currency unit ringgit /MYR

National data

History of founding a country

Date of establishment: 1957 aug 3 1.

People's Republic of China (PRC)'s founding date: Malaysian National Day (1957 August 3 1)

National symbol, national flower: big red flower.

MYS country code

International domain abbreviation. my

International telephone area code +60

The number of active personnel is110000 (No.465438 +0).

edit

Malaysia, referred to as Malaysia (Malay: Malaysia, Jaw Yi:? ), one of the Southeast Asian countries. Malaysia is a federal country, consisting of thirteen states and three federal territories, covering an area of 329,847 square kilometers. Kuala Lumpur, the capital, is the political center. Malaysia is divided into two parts by the South China Sea: one part is West Malaysia on the Malay Peninsula, bordering Thailand in the north, and the other part faces Singapore across the Johor Strait, bounded by the new soft long beach and the second passage; The other is East Malaysia, located in the northern part of Borneo Island, bordering Kalimantan, Indonesia in the south, and Brunei is located between Sabah and Sarawak. Because Malaysia is close to the equator, its climate belongs to the Asian tropical rain forest climate.

Malaysia's head of state is called the supreme head of state, while the government is led by the Prime Minister, who is the leader of the largest political party or alliance in Congress. The political system is the Westminster Abbey system inherited from England. On the diplomatic front, Malaysia joined the United Nations in September 1957 and 17. It is also a member of the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the British Association, the Non-Aligned Movement and the Organization of the Islamic Conference, and one of the founding members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The main military operations involved are the joint defense of the five countries and the United Nations peacekeeping operations.

[Edit] History

Main projects: Malaysian history

Since ancient times, merchant ships traveling between China, India and other more distant countries have passed through the Straits of Malacca, making the Malay Peninsula a major trade center in Southeast Asia. On Ptolemy's map, the Malay Peninsula is called the Golden Peninsula (Latin: Golden Chersonese) and the Straits of Malacca is called the Ivory Bay (Latin: Sinus Sabaricus). The oldest Malay kingdom in history began to develop from coastal port cities in the 10 century, including Langkasuka in Kedah, Lombabjean in Perak, Beruas in Perak, Gunga Negara and Pan Pan in Kelantan. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties in China, it was called Foluoguo and Danmaling.

Islam spread to Tengger in14th century. /kloc-At the beginning of the 5th century, the Malacca Dynasty was established by Berimura, but the prosperity of Malacca Dynasty led to the invasion of Portugal in 1511. Subsequently, the Netherlands and Britain also took Malacca as their colonial center and gradually controlled the Straits of Malacca.

Francis Wright developed Penang into a military and commercial center in 1786. But the importance of Penang was soon replaced by Singapore, which was developed by Sir Stanford Raffles in 18 19. 1824, after the signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty, Britain acquired Malacca from the Netherlands. 1826, Britain established a strait colony under the British East India Company in Kolkata, and gradually expanded its influence in the Malay Peninsula. The early straits colonies included Penang, Singapore and Malacca. 1867, the London Colonial Office took over the Strait Colony.

At that time, many rulers of Malay countries turned to British colonists for help to settle their disputes. During the ten years when the colonial department took over the Taiwan Province Strait colony, some Malay states on the west coast of Malay Peninsula were also brought under the control of British colonists. Businessmen in the Straits colonies all hoped that the British government would intervene in the internal affairs of the Malay Peninsula, where Sibang was born. In addition, the overseas Chinese party struggle and civil war made the British government adopt gunboat diplomacy in favor of businessmen. The Bangluo Treaty of 1874 finally contributed to the expansion of British colonial power. Before the 20th century, the federal state of Malaya (non-Malayan Union) composed of Pahang, Selangor, Perak and Sembilan was under the jurisdiction of the British Governor. These governors were ordered by the High Commissioner in Singapore and the Governor of the Straits Colony. The High Commissioner reports directly to the colonial office in London.

Other states in the Malay Peninsula are called Malay States. Although not directly subordinate to the British colonists, there is a British political participation department in the state. Four northern states: Glass City, Kedah, Kelantan and Tenggara were once ruled by Thailand. British North Borneo (now Sabah) was once ruled by Sulu dynasty, and the British Brock family ruled Sarawak state with large forests. Japanese rule during World War II and the rebellion of Malayan Party after World War II prompted more and more people to support Malayan independence. The Malayan Federation established by the British government to safeguard its own interests after the war made Malays yearn for a more favorable system. During this period, they began to reject Singapore's request to stay in the new country, and decided not to implement the dual nationality system, thinking that this would make many immigrant groups hold Malaya and motherland nationality at the same time. The Malay Peninsula finally became an independent Malayan Union on August 3rd1,1957. This new country does not include Singapore.

A country called Malaysia was founded on1September 6, 963. She is listed in Malaya Union, British Singapore, North Borneo (renamed Sabah) and Sarawak (the latter two are in Borneo). Although Sultans Of Brunei expressed its intention to join, it finally gave up because of a dispute over oil interests. The crises faced by Malaysia in the early days of independence included Indonesian President Su Jianuo's intention to occupy Malaysia, 1965 Singapore's withdrawal, 1969 May 13 bloody racial violence, which was the so-called May 13th incident. The Philippines also claimed Sabah sovereignty during this period, because Sultans Of Brunei ceded its northeast territory to Sulu Sultan in 1704; This problem has not been completely solved.

After 1969, several prime ministers gave Malays unequal privileges in the economic and political fields and the right to education. Malaysia's new economic policy was opposed by all ethnic groups in China, but it didn't help. Since then, Malays have enjoyed the privilege of economic and political education, as well as the economic and political system that is beneficial to the Malay nation (called Bumiputra "indigenous") and moderate Islam.

[Editor] Politics

Main topic: Malaysian politics

According to1the Malayan Constitution officially promulgated on July 2, 957, it is a constitutional monarchy with a federal parliament. After the establishment of Malaysia in 1963, the Constitution of 1957 was renamed the Constitution of Malaysia and continued to be used. The provisions of the Constitution laid the foundation for Malaysia's political development.

The head of state of Malaysia is the highest head of state, elected by the rulers of nine Malay States at the rulers' meeting for a term of five years. The supreme head of state has the right to appoint the prime minister, refuse to approve and dissolve parliament, and is also the supreme commander of the armed forces.

The highest legislative body in Malaysia is the National Assembly, which consists of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The House of Commons has 222 seats. Members are elected by the people in national elections for a term of five years. Malaysia has held 12 general elections since independence in 1959. This Congress was formed after the 12 national election in March 2008. The National Front (BN) headed by UMNO has 137 seats, accounting for 6 1.7 1% of the total seats. The People's League (NLD) has 82 seats, including 23 Muslim Party seats, 28 Democratic Action Party seats and 3/kloc-0 People's Justice Party seats. The House of Lords has 70 members, 44 of whom are appointed by the Supreme Head of State and 26 are elected by the state legislative assemblies for a term of three years.

Malaysia implements a multi-party system according to the constitution, but it is not a typical western multi-party system, but a system in which several political parties unite to form a political party alliance. This form of political party alliance first appeared in April 1955 before the independence of Malaya Federation. At that time, UMNO, MCA and the Indian National Congress of Malaysia established the "MCA-India Alliance" to seek the independence of Malaya. 1957 After the independence of Malaya Federation in June, "MCA-India Alliance" became the ruling party. 1In April, 965, in order to strengthen its strength, the Malaysian Chinese-Indian Alliance formed an alliance with the "Alliance Party" in East Malaysia and established the "Malaysia Alliance Party"; 1969, the Malaysian Union Party lost in the general election, and then adjusted to form a new political party alliance, the National Front. Since then, the party has been a shoo-in in all previous general elections and has been in power ever since. When the National Front was founded, it consisted of nine political parties, including UMNO, MCA and Indian National Congress. Later, the number of political parties occasionally increased or decreased. There are currently 13 member parties. Each member party remains relatively independent, but it is led by the Supreme Council of the National Front, which is composed of the chairmen of each member party. Generally speaking, the chairman of the National Front is divided into UMNO Chairman and Acting Chairman. In the general election, all member political parties participated in the election with the same political concept and election manifesto, which strengthened unity and combat effectiveness and made the National Front the most powerful ruling party alliance in Malaysia. In the previous general election, despite the fierce competition between the ruling party and the opposition party, the party alliance led by UMNO basically won the majority of seats. However, the 12 national election triggered a political tsunami, and the National Front (BN) suffered an unprecedented blow, losing most of its parliamentary seats and the control of five state governments.

The highest administrative body in Malaysia is the Cabinet, which is headed by the Prime Minister. The prime minister is appointed by the highest head of state in the lower house of parliament, usually by the majority leader of the lower house. The current Prime Minister is Naji Abdullah Tarmugl, who succeeded Badawi as Prime Minister in April 2009. Najib is the son of the second Malaysian Prime Minister Abdullah Tarmugl Sa and the nephew of the third Malaysian Prime Minister Hussein Onn. Cabinet ministers are elected by the Prime Minister from members at lower or higher levels and appointed by the Supreme Head of State.

The highest judicial institution in Malaysia is the Federal Court. The Supreme Court of Malaysia was formally established on 1985 65438+ 10/0/. Before that, Malaysia's case could be appealed to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom. 1June 1994, the Supreme Court was renamed the Federal Court. At the same time, under the federal court, there is an appeal court, followed by Highgarden (High Court). The High Court can be divided into Malaya High Court (responsible for Peninsula) and Borneo High Court (responsible for East Malaysia). Every state has a local court, and the district of that state has a magistrate's court. There are also special military courts and Islamic courts (controlled by Islamic law).

Nine of the thirteen Malay states are led by hereditary Malay rulers. The rulers of each state have different titles, namely Sultan, Raja or Yanduan, while the heads of non-Malay states (Penang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak) are appointed by the Supreme Head of State. Every state has a state government and a state legislature. The interval between the two general elections in the state legislature is no more than five years, and the general elections on the peninsula are usually held at the same time as the national elections. Each state is managed by a state secretary (Malay state) or a chief minister (non-Malay state), and is appointed by the head of state from state legislators, usually by the majority leader of the state legislature.

[Edit] Administrative Region

Main projects: administrative divisions of Malaysia

Malaysia * * * consists of 13 states (Negeri in Malay) and three federal territories (Wilayah Persekutuan in Malay).

Glass City, Kedah, Penang, Perak, Kelantan, Tengjialou, Pahang, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, Sembilan, Malacca, Johor, Sarawak, Sabah, Labuan, Thailand, Singapore, Sumatra, Brunei, Brunei, Riau Islands, Kalimantan and Natuna.

Islands Nansha Islands South China Sea Thailand Bay Malacca

Johor Strait, Singapore Strait, Sulu Strait and Haixi Strait.

In the sea/sea

uncle

this

sea

13 is a Malay name. The capital of Malay name is abbreviated as population area (km2). Malay/Aboriginal (%) China (%) Indian (%)

Glass Market Perlis Jiayang Kanger Glass R, PL 204,450 795 85.510.31.3

Keda Yaluoshi Daluo Xingji K, KH 1, 6497569,42576.614.97.1.

P, PG 1, 313,4491,03 1 42.5 46.5 10.6, Penang, George Town, Penang Island.

Ipoh Pi A, PK 2,051,236 2 1, 005 42.7 43.0 13.0.

Selangor Shahram Snow B, Selangor Selangor SL 4,188,876 7,960 53.5 30.714.6.

Hibiscus semilaevis N, NS 859, 924 6, 644 57.9 25.6 16.0

Malacca Malacca Kota Malacca 635 am, me 7911652 63.8 29.16.5.

JH Johor Johor Johor Johor Johor Johor Johor Johor J27406251898757.135.46.9

Peng Heng Peng Heng Guan Dan Guan Dan Peng Bing, pH 1, 288,376 35,965 76.817.7 5.0.

Dengjialou Guaraden Jialou Guaraden Jialou

Dan Lu d, KN 1, 3 13, 01415,024 95.03.80.

Sarawak Kuching Sha Q, SK 2,071,506124,450 72.9 26.7 0.7 Sarawak.

SARS S, SA 2, 603, 485 73, 665, 438+09 80.5 13.20 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.

The name of the federal territory in Malay is abbreviated as population area (km2). Malay/Aboriginal (%) China (%) Indian (%)

Kuala Lumpur 1, 379,310 243 43.6 43.511.4

Min Nan Namin 76,067 9279.615.81.3

Putrajaya Pujie 45,000148 94.81.82.7.

[edit] geography

Main Project: Geography of Malaysia

Map of Malaysia Malaysia is mainly composed of East Malaysia and West Malaysia separated by the South China Sea. Most of Malaysia's coastal areas are plains, while the central part is plateau, covered with dense tropical rain forests. The highest peak is Mount Lushan in Na Ba (also known as "China Widow Mountain" or "Shenshan Mountain" in Malay, the highest peak in Southeast Asia), with an altitude of 4,095 meters and an annual growth rate of 5 mm. Malaysia is close to the equator, with hot and humid climate and rainy equator. The southwest monsoon blows in April 4- 10/October and the northeast monsoon blows in10-February every year, but the monsoon phenomenon is not significant.

Putrajaya is a newly established government agency center, which was established mainly to alleviate the traffic congestion in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia's largest city. The Prime Minister's Office began to move to Pucheng on 1999 and is expected to be completed in 2005. Kuala Lumpur remains the seat of Parliament and the national commercial and economic center. Other major cities include Penang, Malacca, Johor Bahru and Ipoh.

West Malaysia (or Malay Peninsula) is located in the northern part of the equator, with a longitude of about 100 degrees to 1 19 degrees and a latitude of 09 degrees. It borders Thailand in the north and Singapore in the south. East Malaysia consists of Sabah and Sarawak in Borneo, with a total area of 329,750 square kilometers. Borneo also includes Brunei and Kalimantan in Indonesia.

[edit] economy

Main projects: Malaysian economy

Twin Towers Malaysia is a moderately rich country. Under the new economic policy, from 197 1 to 2000, it has changed from a big producer of raw materials to a new diversified industrial economy. Economic growth mainly depends on the export of manufactured goods, especially electronic products. Therefore, the global economic depression and the decline in information supply have brought a particularly heavy blow to Malaysia. The annual GDP growth rate of 200/kloc-0 is only 0.3 percentage points, mainly because the export volume has decreased by 1 1 percentage point. However, an effective economic revitalization plan has enabled Malaysia to mitigate the impact of the economic crisis.

Kuala Lumpur's stable macroeconomic environment, inflation rate and unemployment rate are all below 3 percentage points, and its abundant foreign exchange reserves and small foreign debts make it very unlikely that an economic depression similar to the Asian economic crisis 1997 will happen again in Malaysia. However, large enterprises facing the problems of insufficient competitiveness and high debt have had a negative impact on Malaysia's economic prospects.

The main stock markets in Malaysia are Kuala Lumpur Stock Market and MESDAQ (Technology Stock Market).

Today, Malaysia is gradually developing tourism. Malaysia's exchange rate is not high, and Malaysia has its own characteristics from many countries and cultures linked by three major races to attract tourists, earn foreign exchange and enhance the national economy.

[edit] population

Main entry: population of Malaysia

Malaysia is a multi-ethnic country, and Malays who dominate politics account for the majority of the total population. According to the Constitution, Malays are all Muslims, but other races are not bound by this rule. Chinese, who account for a quarter of the total population, play a major role in the economic and trade field. Indian Malaysian citizens account for about 7% of the total population, including Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Catholics, Christians and Buddhists. About 85% Indians are Tamils, others are Gralla, Sikhs and Chettiar. According to the statistics of the Malaysian government in 2005, about 58% of Malaysia's population belongs to Muslims, 22.9% to Buddhists, 65,438+065,438+0.1%to Christians (including Protestantism and Catholicism), 6.3% to Hindus, 2.6% to Taoism, and the rest to Sikhs and Baha 'is.

More than half of Sarawak residents and 66% of Sabah residents are non-Malay. A few non-Malay aborigines also live in the Malay Peninsula. Non-Malay aborigines include dozens of ethnic groups, but they are all in the same place to some extent. Until the twentieth century, most indigenous people still held traditional beliefs, but many indigenous people have turned to Muslims, Protestants and Catholics.

Other Malaysians are Europeans, Middle Easterners, Cambodians, Vietnamese and so on. Europeans and Eurasia include descendants of British colonists and some Portuguese colonists. Most people of Middle Eastern descent are descendants of Arabs who first spread Islam to Malaysia. A few Cambodians and Vietnamese emigrated to Malaysia as Vietnamese refugees. The population distribution in Malaysia is very uneven, with about 20 million people living in the Malay Peninsula.

1May, 969 13, ethnic conflicts broke out in Malaysia, mainly between Chinese and Malays, which was called the 5 13 incident in history.

[Editor] Culture and Education

Main projects: Malaysian culture

Malaysian, China and Indian all have their own unique cultures. The government strives to shape the national culture based on Malay culture, implements the "national education policy" and attaches importance to the universal education of Malays. Chinese education is relatively common and has a relatively complete Chinese education system.

[Editor] Education

Implement free primary education. In 2003 and 2004, the education expenditure was about1903.3 billion ringgit and 2151700 million ringgit respectively, and the education budget in 2005 was 23 1 100 billion ringgit. In 2003, the enrollment rate of primary school-age children was 98.5%, and the literacy rate of the population above 10 was 95%. There is one teacher for every 18 primary school students and one teacher for every 16 middle school students. There are nine institutions of higher learning in China, including the University of Malaya and the National University. In recent years, private universities have developed rapidly, with 662 private universities. In 2003, there were 290,500 college students. There are more than 470 public libraries in China, with a collection of 1 1.3 million volumes.

Since 2006, 30% pre-university students have been offered two-year courses. Not all pre-university applicants can take pre-university courses. The selection conditions are not publicly stated. 90% of the pre-university places are reserved for "indigenous" and the rest 10% are reserved for non-indigenous. The curriculum of college preparatory classes is not as strict as that of the sixth grade of middle school. The pre-university course faces some criticism, because people agree that the pre-university course is much easier than the sixth grade course in middle school, and it is used to help indigenous students easily enter local public universities.

[Editor] Press and publication

About 50 newspapers are published in 8 languages. The main newspapers are: Malay Courier, Daily News and Motherland. English versions of New Straits Times, Star and Malay Post; Guanghua Daily, Nanyang Business Daily and Sin Chew Daily. Malaysia National News Agency (hereinafter referred to as Ma Tong News Agency) is a semi-official news agency. Radio Malaysia is a government-run radio station established at 1946. It has six broadcasting networks, broadcasting in Malay, English, Chinese and Tamil. Voice of Malaysia was founded in 1963, and broadcasts in eight languages, including Malay, Arabic, English, Indonesian, Burmese, Tagalog and Thai. Malaysia Television is a government-run television station established in 1963. It has two channels, broadcasting in Malay, English, Chinese and Tamil. In addition, there are three private TV stations: TV3, Octave Space (8TV) and NTV7. 1996 launched the Astro satellite pay TV channel.

[Edit] Other

Malaysia communication

Malaysian traffic

Malaysian army

Malaysia's foreign relations

List of Malaysian companies

[edit] reference

This entry needs to be supplemented with more sources. (65438+200912 October1)

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[Edit] External link

government

Statistics Malaysia (English)