When the human body takes insufficient vitamins for a long time, or takes too many vitamins, it will produce corresponding vitamin deficiency.

(1) Vitamin A deficiency

1) reasons: insufficient intake of vitamin a, malabsorption, excessive consumption or loss, metabolic disorder, etc.

2) The main manifestations are dry eyes, blurred vision at dusk, night blindness, severe corneal degeneration and ulcer; Rough skin, phosphorus chips, dry hair, easy to secondary infection.

3) Take vitamin A and vitamin D pills or emulsion for treatment, with a slightly larger dose, three times a day, with a dosage of 1 month; Eat more foods rich in vitamins, such as animal liver, carrots, meat, milk, eggs and so on.

(2) vitamin d deficiency

1) causes: insufficient sunshine, insufficient supply of food vitamin d, indigestion and absorption of small intestine, and metabolic disorder.

2) The main manifestations of rickets are common in children aged 6 months to 2 years, such as hyperhidrosis, restless sleep, excitability, muscle relaxation, abdominal distension and constipation; Skull softening, rib beading deformity, rib softening, chicken breast, camel pain, knee valgus and systemic growth retardation.

Osteochondrosis in adults is characterized by bone pain and tenderness, which are more common in load-bearing parts; The activity is limited, ducks walk, and the adductor muscle of thigh is often in a state of spasm, which is prone to fracture, shortening of figure or twitching.

Laboratory examination showed that blood calcium decreased and alkaline phosphatase increased.

3) Treatment: ① Vitamin D2 is supplemented with 5000- 1 10,000 units daily and taken orally; ② Supplementing calcium at the same time; 3 sunbathing; ④ Etiological treatment and symptomatic treatment.

(3) vitamin B 1 deficiency

1) is mainly manifested as cheilitis (labyrinthine dryness, swelling and erosion, ulceration, chapped, suppurative and scabbed), glossitis (reddish or reddish purple tongue, swollen nipple with cracks and pain), angular stomatitis (ivory erosion, rupture, burning or pain), seborrheic dermatitis and bursitis.

2) Vitamin B2 tablets 10-20mg, three times a day, 10 days can be cured; Apply 1% silver nitrate solution or borneol egg butter to chapped tongue and lips; Cystitis, apply 5% sulfur cream or green ointment twice a day; You can also take vitamin B complex solution.

(5) vitamin B6 deficiency

1) The causes are mostly caused by taking vitamin B6 antagonists, such as isoniazid, cycloserine and penicillamine. A few people suffer from malignant tumors, severe liver and kidney diseases and chronic alcoholism.

2) Inflammation of skin and mucous membrane, such as seborrheic and desquamation dermatitis, stomatitis, glossitis, ophthalmia, etc. Followed by mental and nervous system symptoms, such as tension, depression, lethargy, nausea, vibration and loss of position, peripheral neuritis and so on.

3) The treatment is mainly to supplement a lot of vitamin B6 and symptomatic treatment.

(6) Nicotinic acid deficiency

1) The etiology is nicotinic acid deficiency and furuncle, which is a variety of nutritional deficiencies, mainly nicotinic acid and tryptophan deficiency.

2) The main manifestations are ① symmetrical dermatitis, and there are four kinds of skin damage sanctions: erythema, erosion, hypertrophy and ichthyosis; ② glossitis and diarrhea; ③ Most of them are melancholy, excitability, insomnia, headache, dizziness, memory loss and even dementia; Symmetrical burning sensation and numbness in limbs, severe paralysis.

3) Dermatitis patients should avoid sunlight, pay attention to oral hygiene, correct the disorder of water and electrolyte caused by diarrhea, and take niacin orally, intramuscularly or intravenously according to the condition, 400- 1000mg/ day, until the symptoms disappear.

7) vitamin B 12 deficiency

1) The reason is the deficiency of vitamin B 12 in human body due to various reasons.

2) The main manifestations are ① symptoms of chronic progressive anemia; ② Tongue pain caused by glossitis and wilting of tongue papilla lead to smooth and crimson tongue surface; Loss of appetite, abdominal distension, diarrhea, etc. ③ Symmetrical numbness and paresthesia of hands and feet, weakness of limbs, ataxia and difficulty in walking; A few people appear forgetful, excitable or depressed, indifferent, even dull and insane.

3) Treatment ① Vitamin B 12 100-500 μ g, intramuscular injection, daily 1 time, for 2 weeks, changed to weekly 1 time; ② Etiological treatment, including changing nutrition, expelling intestinal parasites and stopping using related pathogenic drugs; ③ Dealing with various complications, such as infection, hyperthyroidism, anemia heart disease, iron deficiency anemia, peripheral neuritis, etc. ④ Patients with severe anemia were given a small amount of blood transfusion (each time 100 ml).

(8) Folic acid deficiency

1) megaloblastic anemia caused by insufficient folic acid intake.

2) The main manifestations are similar to vitamin B 12 deficiency, mainly manifested as various symptoms of anemia, and a few may have jaundice; Followed by digestive tract symptoms, such as glossitis, glossalgia, atrophy of tongue papilla, smooth tongue surface, red tongue, angular stomatitis, small ulcer of oral mucosa, etc. Common loss of appetite, abdominal distension after eating, diarrhea or constipation, emaciation.

3) Treatment ① Oral folic acid 5 mg, 2-3 times a day, until anemia is corrected, or intramuscular injection of formyltetrahydrofolate preparation; ② Etiological treatment; ③ Treatment of complications, such as hypoproteinemia, vitamin B 1 or B 12 deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, etc.

(9) vitamin c deficiency

1) the cause of vitamin c deficiency, also known as scurvy, is due to insufficient intake of vitamin c in long-term diet. If it is less than 10 mg per day, vitamin C deficiency may occur after 2-3 months.

2) Mainly manifested as fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, bad temper, lower limb muscle or joint pain, swollen gums, etc. In the early stage; ② congestion, bleeding and purple spots around the hair follicle, and then the hair follicle swells and hypertrophy, making the skin rougher; ③ Gum swelling, redness, pain and bleeding; ④ Anemia, edema, slow wound healing and secondary infection are common.

3) Treatment ① Eat more leafy vegetables and fresh fruits; ② Take vitamin C 100-200mg orally, 1 three times a day, or intramuscular injection or intravenous injection, 100-200mg a day for three weeks as a course of treatment; ③ Keep the oral cavity clean, prevent secondary infection, relieve pain, supplement iron, and give blood transfusion to patients with severe anemia.

(10) vitamin k deficiency

1) The etiology is caused by absorption and utilization of vitamin K or intestinal synthesis disorder.

2) The main manifestations are nosebleed, gingival hemorrhage, skin, digestive tract and urinary tract hemorrhage, and muscle hematoma and intracranial hemorrhage can appear on the side; Prolonged prothrombin time in blood test.

3) Take vitamin K3 or K4 orally, 2.5- 10 mg per day; Vitamin K 1, 10-20mg/ day, intramuscular injection or intravenous drip.