Historical background
Scholars in Song Dynasty paid more attention to the inner character and artistic conception of culture. The Song Dynasty is the peak of the development of China's traditional culture and art, and its collection of books far exceeds that of any other dynasty. According to historical records, there were more than 700 bibliophiles in the Song Dynasty. At the same time, the social status of literati is constantly improving.
In such a social environment that attaches importance to literati, calligraphy, as a cultural carrier, developed vigorously in the Song Dynasty, and many calligraphy representatives such as Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei, Su Shi and Cai Xiang emerged. The calligraphy in Song Dynasty is mainly freehand brushwork, and the appearance of calligraphy style is also deeply influenced by this calligraphy style.
form
1, the influence of ancestors
Hand strength body is called "hand strength body" (also called "crane body") because of its thin brushwork. In order to pay tribute to Yu Shu, it was changed into a "golden body". Song Huizong's calligraphy is a hundred schools of thought contend. He was the first to learn from Huang Tingjian, and then copied Chu style in great quantities, combining running script, cursive script, regular script and other fonts. At the same time, he preferred the elegance and refinement of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, and created thin gold style through continuous copying.
2. The influence of painting
Song Huizong loves painting and is very talented in meticulous painting. His masterpieces are mostly meticulous paintings, such as Listening to the Qin, Picking Melons, Wen Hui and so on. Fine brushwork requires a painter's pen control ability. Song Huizong's meticulous brushwork, with both form and spirit, shows his superb pen control ability from the side.
3, the advantages of the day after tomorrow
During the Song Huizong period, Hanlin Painting Academy, as a palace painting academy, collected far more calligraphy and paintings than any previous dynasty. Song Huizong grew up under the influence of art, read all the famous works of the past dynasties, and had a high artistic accomplishment, which laid the foundation for his later high artistic attainments. In "With Painting", Deng Zhuang described the collection of imperial academy Painting Academy at that time: "The secret mansion is full of treasures, which is a hundred times as great as the previous one. He also collects ancient and modern famous paintings, from Cao Fuxing to Huang Jucai, with 100 pieces and 14 doors, totaling 1500 pieces, which is called Xuanhe Ruilan Collection. "
Make an appreciative comment
1, font appreciation
Although the thin gold fuselage does not conform to the aesthetic inertia of the public to a certain extent, its unique aesthetic feeling is beyond doubt. Only when art is inclusive can culture prosper. As a new type of font, the thin gold font is slender in brushwork, which abandons the previous style of round and correct fonts, has a compact structure, and uses a clean pen, especially for painting.
? When collecting pens, Song Huizong likes to use pens, and his pedaling method is also unique. Many fonts pay attention to the smooth footings and the natural transition of thickness, while fine gold fonts often suddenly thicken, which makes the original frivolous fonts seem to have a sense of weight and support, and also makes the whole character more stretched. The advantages of fine gold calligraphy are steady strokes, fast strokes, slow strokes, rhythmic writing process and wide font opening and closing. Its stippling and stippling are highly recognizable.
2. Artistic conception appreciation
The biggest difference between regular script and running script lies in the use of thread-tying techniques. Simply put, the line-tying technique embodies the subtle relationship between strokes. The thin gold pen is a dragon and snake, which has the air of running script, looks like a crane and exudes the meaning of sage like type. The formation of Shoujin style is not achieved overnight, but has gone through several stages, each of which embodies Song Huizong's different understanding of calligraphy art. Shoujin style pays attention to presenting charm and cultural artistic conception, and is full of vivid interest, strong spirit and rainbow-like momentum.
3. The beauty of painting and calligraphy.
Song Huizong likes to create meticulous flower-and-bird paintings, especially cranes. He shows his love for cranes in calligraphy and painting, which is as noble as his favorite cranes. In the paintings depicting cranes, we can see his superb pen control ability from the arrangement of rubble with the same gap and the same line thickness on the roof, or from the meticulous feathers of cranes.
If you want to draw such fine lines, you must only use the nib to avoid the front, or use a slender front pen similar to Gou Xianbi's painting. According to Jinsheng Qiu's textual research: "Song Huizong often uses Gou Xianbi, the wolf has a long front, and is generally used for painting." The brush body is extremely elastic, and this slender and straight brush has a higher perception of the change of strength, so Song Huizong can hint at the inner strength in the process of writing, highlighting the slender and graceful body and the tough and straight skeleton inside.
4. Appreciation of peony poems.
"Peony Poetry Post" describes the shape of peony with colorful words. "Peony Poem Post" is written in fine gold, with graceful brushwork, just like a beautiful girl who closes her eyes and feels ashamed of flowers. The fierceness and rigidity contained in the brush strokes are as gorgeous and rich as the gorgeous colors reflected by gem cutting, which is worthy of the evaluation of "gorgeous and noble, all crowned with wonder" in peony poems.
5. Song Huizong represents calligraphy works.
At present, there are many works of Song Huizong's thin gold style handed down, among which peony poems, strange stone poems, summer poems and thin gold thousand-character writings are famous. Among them, the original of "A Thousand Words of Thin Gold" is now in Shanghai Museum. In addition, the Shanghai Museum also has a collection of "Willow Duck Map". Song Huizong used a thin piece of gold as an inscription for Zhang Zeduan's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival.
develop
1, the development of later generations
Thin gold pen is thin and vigorous, with unique style and distinct personality, but it also has certain limitations: the font is slender, writing large characters is easy to cause a sense of evacuation, and it is easy to appear frivolous and not dignified when writing large works, so some people think it should be classified as "fine books".
People seldom use thin gold body for Spring Festival couplets and letters, lacking theoretical guidance, and some learners often can't find the doorway of learning, which makes it difficult for thin gold body to be widely circulated and buried in a historical period.
2. The development of modern thin gold body
At present, hand strength is listed as a kind of calligraphy font. Some calligraphy works that copy and keep the golden body deliberately imitate the thin brushwork of keeping the golden body, but they fail to have their own style and are smart and difficult to show. The reason is that it is difficult for calligraphers to explore a unique calligraphy style with thin gold, which leads some calligraphers to give up the study of thin gold.
Pay attention to V: Gu Yue's private collection in Sichuan, and get a watermark-free high-definition picture of Hui Zong's calligraphy.
Copy/Design Yue Hu