The so-called times are different. With the development of society, the policies formulated at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China are often out of line with the current society. If the original policy is not changed, the dynasty is likely to perish in the crisis.
Thus, Li Kui's reform, Wuqi's reform, Shang Yang's reform and Wang Anshi's reform appeared in history. Among them, Wang Anshi's political reform in the Northern Song Dynasty was finally opposed by most people.
The so-called political reform is to change the past system, deprive the interests of conservative forces and redistribute it, which is more conducive to the stability of the country. While offending some people, it is bound to benefit others.
However, why did Wang Anshi do political reform for several years, but in the end he didn't please up and down and gave up halfway?
In fact, this has a lot to do with Wang Anshi's neglect of these three factors.
First, the supporters are not firm: the starting point of Song Shenzong's support for political reform is that there is not enough money, and he wants to use political reform to "get money". During the Xining period in Song Shenzong, the income of the Northern Song Dynasty was 50.6 million, which was considered a high income in all previous dynasties, not to mention the territory of the Northern Song Dynasty was still a slimmed-down territory.
However, due to redundant officials, soldiers and expenses, the court spent 50.6 million at this time. Even when Song Shenzong was going to be a minister, he found that there was no money in the national treasury, which was embarrassing.
The main purpose of Song Shenzong's support for Wang Anshi's political reform is to increase income. This kind of political reform will inevitably affect the determination to continue political reform with the increase of income and the lifting of the crisis.
Song Shenzong was not Qin Xiaogong who strongly supported the political reform, and Wang Anshi was not Shang Yang who knew step by step. As a result, after the political reform began, a large number of people were offended. Even the centrists who found loopholes, Wang Anshi stubbornly refused to listen to suggestions or even suppressed them, and regarded them as political enemies.
Factor two, improper employment: not everyone is Wang Anshi. As early as before the official start of the political reform, Wang Anshi made a preliminary attempt within his jurisdiction and achieved certain results, which was one of the main reasons why Wang Anshi insisted on the political reform after the start of the political reform. After all, this is the result of his own eyes.
However, Wang Anshi neglected a very important point, that is, the implementation of the political reform policy ultimately needs people to implement it, but not everyone is as selfless as Wang Anshi.
Wang Anshi's reform measures have many bright spots, but his vision is really not so good, which leads to a serious deviation from the original intention of the reform in the implementation process.
For example, the easy-to-market method to stabilize prices and the young crops method to crack down on hoarding have finally become a means for officials to exploit the people and take the opportunity to make money.
Many people who support political reform have obtained a shortcut to promotion in the name of political reform, but they have not really supported political reform itself.
For example, Cai Jing, who later became the hand of Song Huizong's treacherous court official, was an important member of Wang Anshi's political reform.
Supporters are not firm, and improper employment in the process of political reform has become one of the main reasons for Wang Anshi's failure in political reform.
What do you think of this?
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References:
History of the Song Dynasty, detailing the Song Dynasty.