Zhong Nanshan introduced that if you are unfortunately infected when you go out, you should pay attention to it: young people generally have strong antibodies. If you don't have many diseases (such as heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, etc. ), you will generally recover faster. Drink more water and take some medicine.
He added that he had seen many patients and generally recovered well, including the lungs. COVID-19 is better than SARS, which will affect the hematopoietic system, bleeding, liver, kidney and lung, unless the patient is particularly critical. After the recovery of COVID-19's disease, pulmonary fibrosis is not serious, which seems to be reversible.
The lung function of more than 100 patients has not recovered to the normal level, but the damage should not be too great, and it will gradually recover with few sequelae.
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"Four mornings" is the key to avoid most infections.
Zhong Nanshan said that for us in China, the biggest feature is "four early", that is, early protection, early detection, early diagnosis and early isolation.
He said that the consciousness of "early protection" is actually self-protection, and the most important thing is self-protection, including keeping a distance and wearing a mask. Find out early and see a doctor if you feel uncomfortable; Early diagnosis; Early isolation is actually the biggest difference between China and other countries. We went all the way to the community, so we called it community joint defense and joint control. The most important thing is this. We urge and help each other from all aspects. We know that this disease is mainly transmitted through droplets and contact. As long as you avoid this, you can avoid most infections.
COVID-19's infection index is 3.
Academician Zhong Nanshan said in an online communication with representatives of overseas students that the infectivity of the new virus would make people "unexpected". From the infectious index, the average influenza is 1, SARS is close to 2, Middle East respiratory syndrome is 1.5, and COVID-19 is 3.
I don't approve of collective immunization, which will cost many people.
Zhong Nanshan: In Europe, it is reported that 20% people have antibodies, and the highest reporting rate is 25%, which is far from the so-called group immunity. Group immunization against this disease (COVID-19) is generally only possible after 60% or 70% of people are infected, but now it is more than 20%, which is far from being realized. I don't quite agree with this practice. Many people have to be sacrificed, even 1%, which is ten or twenty times or even a hundred times higher than the flu. If you are 2% or 3%, it will be even worse. It takes a lot of people to get group immunity. I don't think this method is feasible. We have many ways. We can prevent it, we can protect it, we will buy time and try to make a vaccine.
There is no evidence that COVID-19 virus can be transmitted by mosquitoes.
Zhong Nanshan: Generally speaking, the survival rate and activity rate of viruses at high temperature are relatively poor, so with the arrival of summer, the activity of viruses will decrease, and the epidemic situation will generally decrease. Although ultraviolet rays are not as strong as ultraviolet disinfection, high temperature is unfavorable to the activity and spread of viruses. We know that mosquitoes can spread many viruses. Two prominent examples are malaria and dengue fever, which are still common in Africa. But there is no evidence that COVID-19 will be infected by mosquitoes, so I don't think COVID-19 will be infected by mosquitoes.
Simple dry cough can't fully explain the problem.
During the live broadcast, an international student asked: Will a dry cough definitely infect COVID-19? Is it a self-test? Zhong Nanshan's answer is this: It is suggested to go to the hospital for a nucleic acid test. Simple symptoms of dry cough do not fully explain the problem.
Zhong Nanshan introduced that cough is a common symptom of many diseases. Dry cough is generally a symptom of acute bronchitis, not the earliest symptom of influenza.
At the same time, he reminded international students that it is best to find a hospital outpatient clinic for antibody testing. Because of the high requirements of nucleic acid testing, they can't do it at home. Don't take dry cough as the only consideration. Dry cough should be analyzed Students in Moscow can ask each other about studying medicine. A symptom of asthma is dry cough, but only the symptoms of dry cough can't fully explain the problem.
How to tell the difference between flu and COVID-19: not by symptoms, but by tests.
At the beginning of this year, there was an outbreak of influenza in the United States. Some symptoms of influenza and COVID-19 are very similar, so how to distinguish influenza from COVID-19 in daily life? Zhong Nanshan replied.
Zhong Nanshan: GDC of China reported that the prevalence of influenza dropped by 90% in more than three months. Because everyone pays attention to keeping their distance and wearing masks, there will be less flu. The flu is very similar to the symptoms in COVID-19. First of all, it is all over the body. Fever may account for more than 50% at first. Not everyone has a fever. So is the flu. At first, I felt unwell, stuffy nose, slight cough and special fatigue. It is difficult to distinguish individual symptoms. Without detection, it is difficult to make a differential diagnosis.
In Chinese mainland, a fever will be tested for nucleic acid virus, while in the United States, deep saliva, nasal swab and throat swab can be used. I suggest using some cold medicine, such as ibuprofen, which is harmless to COVID-19. So at this time, we can only make differential diagnosis through testing, not by symptoms.
What should I do in the face of asymptomatic infected people: I would rather believe it, but I don't believe it.
Some overseas students asked Academician Zhong Nanshan how to protect them from asymptomatic infection. Zhong Nanshan explained this.
Most of the imported patients that Chinese mainland meets now are asymptomatic. The word asymptomatic is not necessarily accurate. Actually, there are several situations. One is that he took the initiative to accept the test and found that the nucleic acid was positive but asymptomatic after the test. This is asymptomatic. If he has symptoms, he is not asymptomatic.
There are several cases of asymptomatic infection. First, there is actually a type. He is the precursor or incubation period of the disease, usually three to seven days. In the meantime, he had no symptoms, but he was infected. Three to seven days later, he had a fever and a cough. Actually, this is called incubation period or prodromal period. This is definitely a COVID-19 infection, and this is the first one.
The second is that you should pay special attention to the so-called asymptomatic infected people. In fact, some people feel uncomfortable, so we also found some. He didn't feel sick, but he had to be tested in Chinese mainland because he came. When he finishes the exam, he will talk to him in detail in the ward. He felt very tired, his muscles ached, and he felt very tired, because he had to go back to China recently, had a fever and took some medicine, which also belonged to this type. In fact, his nucleic acid test was positive. In fact, he is an infected person with mild symptoms. This type should pay special attention to their own feelings. For example, you may not have a high fever recently, but you are very tired, sleepy, sore muscles and bad nose and throat. This is the symptom, and this situation also accounts for a considerable part.
Third, it is indeed possible to have one, and it is positive. After a period of time, the patient still has no symptoms, but Chinese mainland usually pays attention to isolation and goes to a designated hospital for follow-up. Do you want to do it again? In addition, do serum antibody, with two * * * with detection. If the second test turns negative, the antibody is also negative, not at all. If it is still positive after the second time, this situation also exists. This is so-called asymptomatic infection. All three exist, and the proportion is being counted.
Fourth, very rarely, several nucleic acids detected were positive, but all the nucleic acids injected into him were positive, and they were positive for one month and did not produce antibodies. We call him a virus carrier, and this individual situation will also exist.
Generally speaking, people need to "trust asymptomatic infected people, not believe that they don't exist", keep a certain distance or isolate them. In this case, it should be avoided in the future, because asymptomatic infected people are contagious within five days of symptoms. It is understood that the virus is most likely to infect people five days before and five days after COVID-19 developed symptoms. Five days after his onset, the virus became contagious, except for very serious patients. In addition, asymptomatic infected people were really infected with this, and they were infected five days ago, so this has not been answered clearly. Zhong Nanshan believes that the current practice in Chinese mainland is that all patients with nucleic acid positive should be isolated in designated hospitals first, and then go out after a period of negative re-examination. This kind of situation depends not on one time, but also on one repetition to get a better conclusion.
Will storms and blizzards accelerate the spread of the virus: No.
When answering a question raised by overseas students about whether strong winds and blizzards will accelerate the spread of the virus, Zhong Nanshan said that snowfall or strong winds will not only accelerate, but also slow down.
Zhong Nanshan said that the virus will spread by attaching to something, and the most prominent thing is that it will not accelerate but will slow down through droplets, such as snow or strong wind. Even if there is strong wind or snowfall, I don't think it will accelerate the spread of the virus itself.
At the same time, he said that it snowed heavily and everyone was indoors, which increased the possibility of spreading indoors. Strong winds will never increase its spread, and wind viruses will soon be diluted. After dilution, it will diffuse when it reaches a certain concentration in the air.
Do not "do as the Romans do" in overseas epidemic prevention.
Now that the epidemic has broken out all over the world, how should international students improve their immunity and prevent infection overseas? Zhong Nanshan replied.
Zhong Nanshan: My personal opinion is, don't "do as the Romans do" or "do as the Romans do". We have our own way, don't be embarrassed. At first, many people abroad looked at Chinese people wearing masks with a strange eye and said that you must be sick. Now it's completely changed, and even some countries that used to be very opposed to wearing masks have put them on together. You can go out and open it, but you must wear a mask. So I have my own ideas, I have my own methods, and I think this epidemic prevention is the best. Just stick to it and don't look at other people's opinions. I don't want others to do what they do. It is not necessary to "do as the Romans do", but our correct approach drives them. Now, in fact, some correct practices in China have inspired other countries.
What should international students pay attention to when going out shopping: It is very important to wear a mask!
International students who live in isolation at home occasionally need to go out and buy some necessary living materials. What do they need to pay attention to in this process? In this regard, Zhong Nanshan answered questions for international students.
Zhong Nanshan: It's safe at home or in the dormitory, but it's important to wear a mask when going out. As you know, we don't usually wear N95 masks, and we don't need them. Ordinary masks can't prevent COVID-19, because the virus is too small and will be put into the mask. But viruses rarely flow freely in the air. They stick to something, mostly droplets, and then infect others. Ordinary masks can prevent droplets, so we can prevent most viruses. Wearing a mask is quite useful.
Water drops can't go too far. The cough is over, probably not more than 2 meters. If they exceed this distance, they will fall to the ground. So up to now, viruses in the air cannot exist freely alone. They are always attached to something.
Now most countries realize that wearing masks is for fear of infection, which is a great change. Some countries have even introduced relevant regulations. Many countries in Europe are required to unseal, but it is stipulated that masks must be worn when going out, so everyone accepts such a rule and such a fact.
Infected on the plane, it is impossible to have symptoms immediately.
Academician Zhong Nanshan gave scientific answers and suggestions to the students' concerns about whether there will be infection risk on the plane and how to do a good job of protection on the way home.
Zhong Nanshan: First, before returning to China, if possible, do a serum test to see if there is infection, preferably nucleic acid test. After returning to China by plane, there may be some symptoms as soon as the nucleic acid is positive, but there are no symptoms. For such a short time on the plane, the longest time is 16 hours, and it is impossible to reinfect and have symptoms within 16 hours. You may be infected for too short a time to have symptoms at the same time. This disease usually has an incubation period of three to seven days, so on the plane, first, you must make sure that you are in the best condition before you can get on the plane. Second, pay attention to protection, wear a mask and wash your hands. Pay attention to this. You won't get infected when you get on the plane, but you will have a fever when you get off the plane. This will not happen.