We should stop wasting paper.
■ Shu Li
It is known from newspapers and periodicals that in recent years, China's foreign exchange spent on imported paper is second only to oil and steel; China is the second largest consumer of paper products in the world after the United States, and the consumption of all kinds of paper and paper products accounts for more than 14% of the total paper consumption in the world.
Obviously, the press and publishing industry is a big paper user in China. It is not difficult to make such a judgment through the above phenomenon: the press and publishing industry in Chaoyang is developing extremely rapidly, which is certainly an exciting thing. In addition, is there something worth pondering hidden in this message?
Then, we might as well introspect: looking at all the newspapers in China, the thickness of newspaper competition is the general trend, and dozens of editions abound every day, and it is not surprising that hundreds of editions are published every day; The book publishing industry is not inferior, and repeated publishing is commonplace. Recently, those books with few words but definitely not thin are called "water injection books" by the masses; Of course, the packaging and decoration industry is also unambiguous. Now people can know the truth that "goods sell for a skin". Therefore, the phenomenon of uncontrolled packaging and over-packaging is widespread. A product sells more than one skin or two skins ... similar phenomena are numerous, but they all apply to two sentences: selling paper is a waste of money.
However, on what basis is a lot of waste built? It should be noted that China's annual foreign exchange for purchasing paper (including paper products) has reached 7 billion US dollars; In China, waste paper accounts for a large proportion of papermaking raw materials, but it mainly depends on imports, so the foreign exchange pressure faced by the country can be imagined; China produces about 4 million tons of waste paper every year, but its recovery rate is only 30%.
People in the press and publication circles must have a clear understanding of the above situation, otherwise, it is impossible to save paper based on consciousness. In addition, there is an account to be calculated. Cheap and generous reporting may increase the local interests of a certain unit, but it also increases the foreign exchange burden of the country as a whole. Without comparison, there is no recognition. We might as well look at some foreign practices: according to reports, in some advanced countries, recycled paper is used for office paper; The recycling rate of waste paper in Japan is over 78%, and the recycling rate of newspapers and periodicals in Finnish cities is almost 100%. ...
After mastering the above basic facts, the author believes that measures such as slimming down "water injection books", "slimming down thick newspapers" and using recycled paper as much as possible in the office should become urgent conscious behaviors of the news publishing industry.
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In ancient times, democracy was recorded by knotting ropes, and later, characters were gradually invented, and Oracle Bone Inscriptions was used as writing materials. Later, bamboo and wood fragments and silk were discovered and used as writing materials. But because silk is too expensive and bamboo chips are too heavy, paper was invented.
According to textual research, the production of paper began in the Western Han Dynasty, and it was widely circulated in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Because of its wide use, papermaking has been further improved. Paper raw materials are also diversified. There are many kinds of paper, such as bamboo curtain paper, rattan paper, fish egg paper, etc ... Cai Lun has a wide range of papermaking raw materials. Paper made of rotten fishing nets is called net paper, and paper made of rags is called cloth paper.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the famous Xuan paper was born. There is a legend in Xuanzhou, Anhui Province, the main producing area of Xuan paper: Cai Lun's apprentice Kong Dan, who made paper in southern Anhui, always wanted to make a particularly ideal white paper for his master to paint and compose. But after many experiments, it can't be realized. Once, he happened to see some sandalwood trees lying beside the mountain stream, which had been corroded by water for a long time and had rotted and turned white. Later, he made paper with this bark and finally succeeded. It can be concluded that using bark as rice paper has been very popular in the Tang Dynasty. )
On the basis of the previous generation of yellow paper dyed in the Tang Dynasty, wax was evenly coated on the paper to make the paper have the advantages of luster, luster and beauty, which is called hard yellow paper. The paper industry of the Five Dynasties continued to develop. Zhangzhou's Chengxin Tang paper was always considered as the best paper until the Northern Song Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the paper industry flourished and innovated constantly. All kinds of stationery are popular again, and white paper and elegant paper are highly respected in texture, with bright and quiet colors, such as pastel paper and printing and dyeing paper in Kanggan period. By the Qing Dynasty, the production of paper had reached a perfect level.
The process of making paper
The production of general printing paper is divided into two basic processes: pulping and papermaking. Pulping is to dissociate plant fiber raw materials into natural pulp or bleached pulp by mechanical method, chemical method or a combination of the two. Papermaking is to combine pulp fibers suspended in water into sheets that meet various requirements through various processes.
Paper mills generally need to store enough raw materials for 4 ~ 6 months, so that the raw materials can naturally ferment during storage, which is beneficial to pulping and ensures the continuous production of paper mills. Raw materials such as reed, wheat straw and wood are cut into pieces (used to produce chemical pulp) or wood chips (used to produce ground wood pulp) in the material preparation section, and then small pieces of raw materials are put into a digester, added with chemical liquid, and steamed with steam to make the raw materials into pulp, or the wood chips are sent to a wood mill to be ground, or they can be ground after a certain degree of cooking. Then wash the pulp with plenty of clean water, and remove coarse chips, knots, stones and sand from the pulp through screening and purification. According to the requirements of paper types, the pulp is bleached to the required whiteness with bleaching agent, and then beaten with beating equipment. Then various auxiliary materials, such as fillers, sizing agents, sizing agents, etc., are added to the pulp, and then purified and screened. Finally, the paper pulp is sent to a paper machine, filtered for moisture in the wire section, squeezed and dehydrated, dried in a dryer, calendered and coiled, and then cut, rewound or cut to produce rolled paper and plain paper. If the production is to produce coated printing paper, it needs to be dried in the middle or produced into roll paper and then coated.
In addition to the above-mentioned basic procedures, it also includes some auxiliary procedures, such as the preparation of cooking liquid, the preparation of bleaching liquid, the boiling of rubber compound and the recovery of chemicals and heat energy from cooking waste liquid and waste gas.