At present, the total land area of China is about 9 million square miles, while the total land area of Qi is only/kloc-0.00 million square miles. What is the difference between taking one-ninth of the strength as the enemy and taking the other eight-ninth as the enemy? This road is impassable, why not start with Ben? Now, if political reform and benevolent governance are implemented, all scholars in the world will regard Qi as an official, all cultivators will treat Qi as a farmer, all merchants and businessmen will treat Qi as a businessman, all travelers will pass through Qi, and all those who hate their monarch will complain to you.
Sure enough, who can stop it? "。
2. Mencius said: "There is no industry that can sustain life for a long time, but there is always kindness. Only people with lofty ideals can do it. As for ordinary people, there is no fixed industry, so there is no long-term heart. If there is no long-term goodwill, there will be (there will be) disobedience and resistance, and there will be nothing to do. When (they) commit crimes, punish them with criminal law, which is to frame the people. How could the ruling benevolent monarch do such a thing to frame the people? Therefore, the wise monarch stipulates the inheritance rights of ordinary people, which will certainly enable them to support their parents in this world and their wives and children in the future; You can have plenty of food and clothing when you grow up, but you won't starve to death if you grow up badly. Then urge them to do good deeds. So it is easy for ordinary people to follow the monarch. It is now stipulated that the people's property can't support their parents all over the world, nor can it support their wives and children in the future. In good years, they always live in hardship, and in bad years, they are bound to starve to death. In this way, only save yourself from death, it is too late, where can you be polite? The king really wants to practice benevolent government, why not return to the original? Mulberry trees are planted in a house with five acres of land, so that 50-year-old people can wear silk clothes; Domestic animals such as chickens, dogs, pigs, etc., regardless of the season (breeding), 70-year-old people can have meat to eat; One hundred acres of land will not delay the farming season, so that a family of eight people will no longer starve; Pay attention to school education, and remind them repeatedly on the principle of filial piety, so that white-haired old people will no longer walk on the road with things on their backs. Old people wear silk clothes to eat meat, and ordinary people don't go hungry and freeze, so if the world can't be unified, there is no such thing. "
3. Excerpt from Mencius Hui Liang Wang Xia (very short) Mencius once said to Qi Xuanwang: "There was a man who entrusted his wife and children to his friends because he was going to Chu, so please take care of him. When he came back, he realized that his wife and children had been suffering from cold and hunger, and this friend had not done his duty of care at all. What do you think this should do to such a friend? "
Qi Xuanwang replied: "Break up with him!"
Mencius added: "There is an official who enforces law and discipline and is in charge of punishment, even his own subordinates can't control it. What do you think this should do? "
Qi Xuanwang said, "Take him away!"
Finally, Mencius said: "The world is in chaos, and people can't live and work in peace and contentment. What do you think this should do? "
Qi Xuanwang looked around and deliberately put the words elsewhere.
Mencius said: "In this way, a small country can't resist a big country, a small country can't resist a big country, and a weak country can't resist a strong country.
At present, there are only nine countries with thousands of miles of land in the world, and Qi's land accounts for only one ninth. Taking one-ninth of the land to conquer nine-eighths of the land is different from the confrontation between Zou Guo and Chu State? Why not go back to the source and find a solution to the problem? "Now, your majesty as long as you commanded, a benevolent government, all people who want to do it are willing to do it in your court. The tiller is willing to farm in your field. People who do business are willing to do business in your market. Tourists are willing to travel to your country. Those who hate their monarch are willing to tell your king.
If you can really do this, who can fight with you? "。
5. Mencius Liang said: "I am in the country, and I am dedicated to it. If Hanoi is fierce, it will move its people to Hedong and its millet to Hanoi.
Hedong is also fierce. People who observe the politics of neighboring countries have no intention like me. There are no more people in neighboring countries, and there are no more people in my country. Why?
What else? "
Mencius said to him, "The king is belligerent. Please use the metaphor of war. Replenish drums, weapons company, abandon armor. Or walk a hundred steps.
Stop, or take fifty steps before you stop. What if the pot is too black? "
He said, "No, it's not a hundred steps straight, it's also a walk."
He said: "If Wang knows this, there is no hope that there will be more people in neighboring countries. If you don't go against the farming season, the valley can't take food; The count does not enter the pool,
Fish and turtles can't beat food; Axe gold gets into the mountain in time, and mywood can't be used. Fish and turtles can't eat food, and wood can't be used.
Is to keep people healthy and lose their lives. Keeping in good health and dying without regret is the beginning of kingly way.
Five acres of houses, trees for mulberry, fifty people can wear clothes; Chickens, dolphins, dogs and cats are animals that have no time to waste. Seventy people can eat meat.
Hey; A hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, a family of several can be hungry; I am willing to teach you the order of filial piety, but not for nothing.
Wear it on the road. Seventy people eat meat, clothes and silk, and the Lebanese are neither hungry nor cold, but they are not kings and have nothing.
Dogs don't know when they eat food or when they are hungry. When people die, they say,' If it weren't for me, I would be old.' What's the difference with it?
Stabbed the dead and said,' It's not me, it's a soldier'. The king is innocent, and the people in the world are heavy. "
King Hui of Liang said, "I would like to teach in peace."
Mencius said to him, "Isn't it unusual to kill people with hammers and blades?" Yue: "There is no difference." "There is a difference between using the blade and politics.
Huh? "Yue:" There is no difference. "
He said, "There is fat in the barn, fat horses in the stable, hungry people and hungry people in the wild. This causes wild animals to eat each other. Animals eat each other and people are evil.
One. For the sake of people's parents, the administrative department has to lead wild animals to eat people. Evil is being the parents of the people? Zhong Ni said: "The initiator has no successor.
Forget it! It's also used to make it look like a person. How did it make people starve to death? "
King Hui of Liang said, "Jin State, Mo Qiang knows everything in the world. And my body, the East was defeated by Qi, and my eldest son died; western
Buried in Qin 700 Li; The south is a disgrace to Chu. I'm ashamed of it. I'd rather spill it than die. What can I do? "
Mencius said to him, "The earth is a hundred miles away, so you can be king. The king is kind to the people, saves punishment, collects taxes thinly, and cultivates the fields easily. A strong man
In his spare time, cultivating his filial piety and loyalty, serving his father and brother, and serving his long-term career can help Qin Chu's Qiang Bing. that
When they take their people, they can't farm to support their parents, their parents are frozen and hungry, and their brothers and wives are separated. He drowned his people, but Solo recruited them.
Husband, who is against the king? Therefore, as the saying goes,' the benevolent is invincible'. Wang, please don't doubt it! "
6. Ask for (a) translation of the original text Gong ① said: "Tell my son:' There is no good or bad sex.
Or:' sex is good or bad; So it is both civil and military, and * * * is good; You Lixing, * * * is so violent' or:' There are good and evil natures. Therefore, Yao is the king, like (2), Shun is the father, Zhou is the son of his brother, and he thinks he is the king, but he has a micro-qi and a prince.
Today, it's all wrong to say that' human nature is good'? Mencius said: "If it is love, it can be good, which is called good." . Husband is not good, wit is not guilty.
Everyone has compassion; Everyone has a heart of shame and evil; Everyone has a respectful heart; Everyone has a right and wrong heart. Compassion, benevolence; Shame and nausea, righteousness also; Respect and courtesy; The heart of right and wrong is also wise.
Benevolence, courtesy and wisdom are not foreign. (7) I am also, I am also inherent. So:' You will get what you ask, and you will lose what you give up.
Or those who don't count (8) can't do the best. "Poetry" says:' People naturally steam, and there are things and rules.
People grasp easy, good is virtue (9). Confucius said,' Who knows this poet? So, there must be something; People are loyal to Yi, so goodness is a virtue.
Note 1 Male calf: a student of Mencius. (2) Like a half-brother with bad conduct.
3 Bi (ancient) Bi (old): the father of Shun, with bad conduct. (4) Nairuo: turning conjunctions are roughly equivalent to "as for" and so on.
⑤ Emotion: refers to natural temperament. (6) Talent: refers to natural qualifications.
(7) Master: Award. (8) xi: five times.
(9) Poetry: Quoted from The Book of Songs? Daya？ Steam people. Steamed, male; Then, the law; Grasp, hold; Easy and regular; Hey, beauty.
Gong said: "Gao Zi said:' There is no difference between good and evil in human nature.' Others said,' human nature can make it kind or not.
So when Zhou Wenwang and Zhou Wuwang were in Korea, the people were kind; When Zhou Youwang and Zhou Liwang ruled, the people were violent. Others said,' Some people are kind by nature, while others are not.
Therefore, although there are such kind people as Yao as emperors, there are also such unkind subjects; Although there is a bad father like you, there is a good son like Shun. Although there is an inhuman nephew like Yin, and he became the son of heaven, there are also kind elders and sages like Wei and Wang Bigan. Now teachers all say that human nature is good, so are they all wrong? Mencius said:' By nature, everyone can be kind, which is what I mean when I say that human nature is good.
As for some people who are not kind, we can't blame their natural qualities. Everyone has compassion. Everyone feels ashamed; Everyone has respect; Everyone has right and wrong. Compassion belongs to benevolence; Shame belongs to righteousness; Respect belongs to the ceremony; Right and wrong belong to wisdom.
This kind of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom is not given to me by external factors, but I am born with it, but I don't think about it at ordinary times, so I can't feel it. So:' seek and you will get, give up and you will lose.
There are one, five or even countless times differences between people, precisely because they have not played their natural qualifications. The Book of Songs says:' Heaven gives birth to man, and everything has laws.
When people master these laws, they will have lofty and beautiful moral character. Confucius said,' The person who wrote this poem really knows! Where there are things, there must be laws; The common people have mastered these laws, so they advocate good moral character. "
Gong, a student at school, raised the issue of human nature more comprehensively and discussed it with Mencius. In addition to Gao Zi's point of view, he also cited two other points of view, both of which are well-founded and convincing. This time, Mencius did not argue by heckling or pushing absurdity, but expounded his view that human nature is good.
To say that it is an elaboration is actually a reaffirmation. Because it is its main content, that is, the "four hearts" of sadness, shame, respect, right and wrong, and their internal relations with benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom, he has already put forward and expounded it in Five Notes of Gongsun. Just there, starting from "everyone has a heart that can't bear others", discussing the relationship between "four hearts" and "benevolent politics" is full of political psychology.
Here is purely from the perspective of human nature to answer students' questions about whether human nature is inherently kind. In fact, it is difficult to tell whether human nature is good as seen by Mencius, inherent vice as seen by Gou Zi, or neither good nor evil as seen by Gao Zi.
Even with the development of philosophy today, scholars often fail to reach an agreement on this ancient topic. Therefore, Mencius' view can only represent the words of one family.
What deserves our attention is that Mencius further put forward the problem of "if you ask, you will get it, and if you get it, you will get rid of it." Mencius believes that not only human nature is good, but also human nature has "four hearts", and even the four qualities of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom are "inherent in me, but I don't think about it at ordinary times, so I don't think about it."
So what we have to do now is to find benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom in ourselves and in our own nature, "make the best of people" and give full play to our natural qualifications. This reminds people of what he said in "Ugly Sun", that people have four ends of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom, and "there are still four bodies".
Benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom have been rooted in our nature, just as our hands, feet and limbs have grown on us. Because we are too natural and used to it, we don't realize it. If someone suddenly says to us,' I found all my hands and feet on us! "We don't think he is one hundred percent * * *.
But today, someone suddenly said to us, "I found that benevolence, righteousness and wisdom are our nature!" " "We think he is * * * or he discovered the" new continent "? Throughout the ages, in the southeast and northwest, many people have sought benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom on earth, but they are all looking for dolls on their backs. Mencius slapped us and said, isn't the doll on you? Therefore, we all reflect on ourselves, look for the good roots of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom in our body and nature, and cultivate them to make them thrive.
Aside from the abstract philosophical debate, does Mencius' thought of "good nature" have its positive and healthy significance? .