Discovery of ancient jade pamphlets: Taobao found 66 jade pamphlets, each of which is 24 cm long, 2 cm wide, 0.5 cm thick and 132 cm long, with a total weight of 4.6 kg. Jade bamboo slips are engraved with small seal characters, totaling 9 19 characters. The first moment of Jade Bamboo Slips is "Thirty-six Plans", and the last moment is "November 1, the sixteenth year of Emperor Kai, He Zhenke". These jade slips are made of Hetian sapphire. Because of their age, they are naturally colored and coated with slurry, and some jade slips have irregular natural corrosion holes.
Mr. Guo, the discoverer and collector of jade slips in Jining, Sui Dynasty, said that he liked collecting for many years. This set of 36 jade slips was accidentally discovered in an antique market in Jining city in 2003. When it was discovered, the jade slips were scattered, and some of them had been broken. Look at the handwriting carefully. I think it's old, so I bought it. After a careful look, I found that the handwriting on it was "Thirty-six Plans". He once asked experts from Beijing and Nanjing to identify him, and all of them were identified as Hetian jade. Later, I found the Shandong Provincial Center of China Ancient Jade Research Association and Shandong Sunzi Research Association. Therefore, China Ancient Jade Research Association, Shandong Sunzi Research Association, Shandong International Sunzi Research and Exchange Center and Jining CPPCC held special seminars. Through expert appraisal, it is confirmed that this is an important evidence to uncover the mystery of the author of Thirty-six Plans.
Great discovery of jade calligraphy: Lu, former director of the Baby Palace Museum in Sui Dynasty and former director of National Cultural Heritage Administration, identified the jade piece Thirty-six Plans as a face book. Huang Kai, Hotan Sapphire, ***66-body suit. The damage is not big, it is relatively complete and has great historical and cultural value. This is an important historical and cultural heritage and should be properly protected. Wang Zunguo, a researcher at Nanjing Museum, identified that the inscribed jade slips in "Thirty-six Counties" and Hetian sapphire were natural yellow-brown and formed by secondary oxidation over the years. There are 66 jade slips, all of which are 24 cm long. Each piece is engraved with a small seal, starting with "Thirty-six Counties" and ending with "He Zhenke on November 1, the sixteenth year of Emperor Kai". Calligraphy is neat and elegant. Zhou Nanquan, a researcher at the Palace Museum, appraised that the jade slips of Thirty-six Strategies are simple in calligraphy, excellent in carving, true in content and rare in the Sui Dynasty, which has high cultural relics value and historical and cultural research value. Mr. Hou Yancheng, vice president of the Antique Chamber of Commerce of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce and president of the China Ancient Jade Research Association, identified this jade slip as a jade book of the Sui Dynasty. Its year was the founding year of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, and the sixteenth year was 596 AD, which was 14 13 years ago. It is a major discovery of ancient jade books in China.
Solve the mystery of the author: Identify the famous Tan Daoji According to Professor Wang Junlin from Qilu Cultural Research Center of Shandong Normal University, Thirty-six Strategies can be said to be a household name in China, and it is well known to women and children. The earlier edition of Thirty-six Plans was reprinted by Chengdu Xinghua Printing House 194 1, with the cover book Thirty-six Plans and the secret book of Sun Tzu as the side note, and it was explained that the original book was a manuscript, which was found and copied in a bookstall in Fenzhou (now a county in Shaanxi) on 194 1. 196 1, the collector, Uncle He, wrote an article in Guangming Daily and gave this paper to China People's Political College. Since then, various pirated and plagiarized versions have appeared.
But the book "Thirty-six Strategies" was not recorded in all the history books before1940s, so who wrote it and when? There is no definitive conclusion yet. It is said that some people think it was written by Yang, a native of Xianyang, Qin Dynasty, and many scholars think it was written by Tan Dao Ji.
Xie, a researcher of Shandong Academy of Social Sciences who has been engaged in military scientific research for many years, said that Thirty-six Strategies was first seen in Nanqi Book. Biography of Wang Jingze. Wang Jingze was a general in the Southern Dynasties. He was born in 435 and died in 498, that is to say, he was born one year before Tan Daoji's death. It is recorded in the book: "Tan Gong has thirty-six plans, and walking is the best policy. Confucianism only listens to emergencies. " It means that defeat is inevitable and only retreat is the best policy. This sentence has been used by later generations, and there is also a sentence in Hui Hong's Cold Zhai Night Talk in the Song Dynasty: "Thirty-six plans, walking is the best policy." Among them, Tan Gong was the famous general Tan Daoji in the Song Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Tan Daoji's ancestral home is Gaoping Jinxiang, and according to research, he is from Tan Zhuang, Buji Township, Jinxiang County, Jining. Born in an unknown year, died in 436, and was born in Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). He is both wise and brave, and has made outstanding achievements repeatedly. There are some examples in the history books, such as "excellent prisoners and good soldiers" and "singing for sand", and there is also a famous saying that "bad you are the Great Wall of Wan Li". Tan Daoji's Singing for the Sand took place in ancient Jinan. The history books say: "When Tan Daoji led his troops to Licheng (present-day Jinan), he was attacked by Wei Jun, and his grain and grass were burned. Song Jun was short of food, so he led the army back. Xuan was chased by Wei Jun, so he sang sand measurement at night and covered a small amount of rice, which made Wei Jun mistakenly think that there was enough food. "
Xie said: "It can be confirmed that Thirty-six Strategies was written by Tan Dao Ji, and the discovery of jade slips in Sui Dynasty further affirmed this view." It is understood that the original books are arranged by name, with a total of six sets of * * *, the first three sets are used by superiors and the last three sets are used by subordinates. Each set contains six meters, a total of 36 meters. Among them, there is a description after each scheme name, and there is a comment after the description. Many examples of wars before the Song Dynasty and brilliant expositions by military strategists such as Sun Wu were cited.
Date of completion: Chengfeng Zhao, executive president of Sun Tzu Research Association of Shandong Province and director of Shandong Center of China Ancient Jade Research Association, said that in 198 1 year, the preface of the new edition of Thirty-six Strategies, published by Warrior Publishing House and inscribed by General Guo Huaruo, former vice president of the Academy of Military Sciences, wrote: "Thirty-six Strategies first appeared in Nanqi Book? The Biography of Wang Jingze, which really accumulated into a book, was probably in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. " This jade bamboo slip with the inscription "inscribed by He Zhen on November 1st, 16th year of Emperor Kai" was identified by experts as something from the Sui Dynasty, indicating that the thirty-six calculus had spread in the Song and Qi Dynasties in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and its completion time was pushed forward for more than a thousand years. But also make the author of the thirty-six plans more clear and clear. It can be said that the discovery of Jade Bamboo Slips confirms the author of this military book with physical examples.
Chengfeng Zhao believes that Tan Daoji, as a great soldier, is proficient in the art of war and strategy, and has the quality of writing and speaking and the basis of actual combat. If the military practice in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period created the ancient military strategic theory represented by Sun Tzu's Art of War, then the 300-year-old war in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties pushed our ancient military tactical theory to a new peak. As a representative of the outstanding military strategist of this era, Tan Daoji summed up a large number of military practice activities and achieved "36 plans" in line with the background and requirements of the times. The difference is that there is no general statement and six sets of strategies in the current version of Sui Meeting, namely, winning strategy, enemy strategy, attacking strategy, melee strategy, merging strategy and losing strategy. According to China people, there are many examples of wars in the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period and the Han Dynasty, but there are also two references to Song, Liao and Jin. Therefore, it can be considered that the author of "Thirty-six Plans" is undoubtedly Tan Dao Ji, and the summary and the "press" of each plan may be added by a person who is well versed in the art of war, the Book of Changes and thorough knowledge. He further analyzed, enriched and deepened the 36 plans, which was also a contribution.
Famous jade books in history, there were jade books in ancient China, also called "Jade Strategy". It's a book for emperors to sacrifice to heaven. Song Shi? Yu: "Book system, with precious jade slips, is one foot and two inches long and one inch and two minutes wide."
A few years ago, the jade plate of Qin jade was unearthed in Huashan, Shaanxi Province. The two pieces are in the same language, engraved on both sides or in calligraphy. Yu Fan belonged to the King of Qin Huiwen (337 BC-3 BC11). He mentioned two incidents that King Huiwen thought might be attributed to God, hoping to sacrifice Huashan, the hope of Qin State, to make him better. It can be inferred that Yu Fan's works should be in the last years of Qin Huiwen.
1950, a funeral book of jade and silk in the southern Tang Dynasty made of Hetian sapphire was unearthed from Li Bing's tomb in Zutangshan, Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province. There are 42 funeral books, with a length of 16 cm, a width of 7 cm and a thickness of 0.3 cm.
In addition, in the early 1930s, a jade book was unearthed in Li Haoshan at the foot of Mount Tai in Shandong Province, when the Tang and Song emperors sealed Mount Tai in the east.
What is Tang Yu's book of Thirty-six Strategies? It is white marble with *** 15 letters on it. Each letter is 29.2-29.8 cm long, 3 cm wide and 1 cm thick. Each bamboo slip is engraved with L lines of official script, including 9 characters, the mouth of which is painted with gold. Only Xuanzong signed "Longji" as regular script. The texture of Song Zhenzong Zen Jade Book is blue and white jade. The book is divided into 16 simplified volumes, regular script, carved flowers and gold lacquer. At present, the Palace Museum in Taiwan has jade books from the Tang and Song Dynasties. In addition, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, Song Zhenzong's jade and silk sacrificial offerings to the Temple of Heaven were found twice, but they all disappeared due to years of war.
According to Mr. Chengfeng Zhao, executive chairman of the Sun Tzu Research Association of Shandong Province and director of Shandong Center of China Ancient Jade Research Association, someone took one word from each of the 36 strategies and wrote a poem in turn: Exploring the palace policy today to catch thieves, fish and snakes laugh at the sea, sheep and tigers are separated by peaches and mulberry, trees are dark and stupid, pots are empty and bitter, there are beautiful corpses on the roof, and William is cut down. "But it's worth noting that in these forty short words, I haven't forgotten to point out that thirty-six plans are Tan Gongce." Chengfeng Zhao said.
Thirty-six plans, in turn, are: crossing the sea from heaven, encircling Wei to save Zhao, killing people with a knife, waiting for merit earlier, taking advantage of the fire to rob the west, making a diversion, flaunting a gun, hiding a knife across the bank, stealing a column, scaring a snake, returning a corpse, attracting tigers out of the mountain, playing hard to get, throwing bricks to attract jade, and catching thieves.