The first part of the national health knowledge contest must be answered
1. What is the normal blood pressure of adults, and what is the normal high blood pressure?
Answer: When the systolic blood pressure is lower than 140mm Hg and the diastolic blood pressure is lower than 90mm Hg, the blood pressure value is 120 ~ 139/80 ~ 89 mm Hg, which is called normal hypertension.
2. What are the benefits of using a towel and toiletries by one person in daily life?
A: It can prevent the spread of contact infectious diseases such as trachoma and acute epidemic conjunctivitis (commonly known as pink eye); Don't share a bath towel with others to prevent skin diseases and sexually transmitted diseases.
3. What is health? What are the three aspects of health?
A: Health is not just the absence of disease or weakness, but a state of physical health, psychological and social adaptation. Health includes physical health, mental health and social adaptation.
4. What is the amount of blood donated by healthy adults each time, and how long is the interval between two blood donations?
A: The blood donation of healthy adults is generally 200-400 ml, and the interval between two blood donations is not less than 6 months.
5. What diseases can be transmitted by sharing syringes with others?
A: It can spread diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and AIDS.
6. Who are susceptible to influenza?
A: Children, the elderly and the infirm are prone to influenza.
7. When is it good to brush your teeth?
Answer: Just brush your teeth every morning and evening. If you only brush it once a day, you should choose it before going to bed.
8. What are the main transmission routes of tuberculosis?
A: TB is mainly spread by droplets produced by patients coughing, sneezing and talking loudly.
9、? Four evils? What does this mean?
A: Mosquitoes, flies, mice and cockroaches not only disturb people's rest, but also spread diseases, so they are called? Four evils? .
10, what is psychological balance?
A: It refers to a good mental state, that is, being able to evaluate yourself correctly, coping with the pressure in daily life, being efficient in work and study, and contributing to the family and society.
1 1 (Please look at the big screen) Please tell me what the two signs on the big screen mean.
Please don't smoke. B, no smoking
12. How to call 120 emergency number?
A: After the call is connected, the patient's condition, number, address, name, sex, age, contact number of the injured person and the phone number and name of the informant should be briefly explained.
13, what is the standard of rural sanitary toilets?
Answer: It refers to a toilet with a wall, a roof, a toilet pit and a cesspool, which has no leakage, sanitary environment, no maggots, basically no odor, and the feces are treated harmlessly and cleaned in time.
14. What kinds of vaccines are there?
A: There are two kinds of vaccines. The first kind of vaccine refers to the vaccine provided by the government to citizens free of charge, and citizens should be vaccinated according to regulations; The second category of vaccines refers to other vaccines that citizens voluntarily vaccinate at their own expense.
15. What does a healthy lifestyle mean and what are its main aspects?
A: A healthy lifestyle refers to habitual behaviors that are beneficial to health; It mainly includes four aspects: reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, and psychological balance.
16 What is passive smoking?
A: Passive smoking means that non-smokers inhale the smoke exhaled by smokers and the smoke produced by cigarette burning, also known as second-hand smoke.
17. What kinds of food are there?
A: There are five categories: cereals (rice, flour, miscellaneous grains, etc. ) and potatoes, animal foods (meat, poultry, fish, milk, eggs, etc. ), beans and nuts (soybeans, other dried beans, peanuts, walnuts, etc. ), vegetables, fruits and pure energy foods (animal and vegetable oils, starch, sugar, wine, etc.). ).
18, briefly describe the method of cardiac resuscitation.
Answer: In the precordial area, automated external defibrillator and chest compressions are used to restore the heartbeat. Open the airway, mouth-to-mouth blowing and artificial respiration to restore breathing.
19, China citizens' health literacy? When was Basic Knowledge and Skills published by which ministry and how many parts did it consist of?
A: Announcement No.3 of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China was issued on June 4, 2008. It consists of three parts: basic knowledge and concepts, healthy lifestyle and behavior, and basic skills, with a total of 66 articles.
20. What are the factors that destroy the ecological balance and cause environmental pollution?
A: Both natural factors and human behavior will destroy the environment. When this kind of destruction and influence reaches a certain level, it will destroy the ecological balance.
2 1, China citizen health literacy reader? What are the aspects covered by Health 66? How many articles are there respectively?
A: It includes three aspects: basic knowledge and concepts, healthy lifestyle and behavior, and basic skills. There are 26, 34 and 7 articles respectively.
What's wrong with spitting?
Answer: When spitting everywhere, pathogens of common respiratory infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and measles can enter the air in the form of droplets with patients' sputum and spread to others. So don't spit everywhere, which is also an uncivilized performance of today's society.
23. What kinds of vaccines are provided for children free of charge by China's immunization program, and what kinds of infectious diseases are prevented respectively?
A: The National Immunization Program provides immunization vaccine for children. Including oral polio vaccine, BCG vaccine, pertussis vaccine, diphtheria vaccine, tetanus vaccine, measles vaccine, rubella vaccine, mumps vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, hepatitis A vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine and meningitis vaccine. Prevention of 17 infectious diseases.
24, found that the injured bleeding how to rescue?
Answer: When you are injured and bleeding, you should stop bleeding immediately, so as not to lose too much blood and damage your health or even endanger your life. Small wounds can be stopped by simple dressing. For larger and deeper wounds, the blood vessels above the bleeding place (limbs close to the heart) can be compressed to stop bleeding, such as finger pressing to stop bleeding, pressure dressing to stop bleeding, tourniquet to stop bleeding, etc.
25. What are the disadvantages of abusing antibiotics?
A: Abuse of antibiotics can easily lead to drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms, which leads to the gradual loss of the original efficacy of antibiotics and cannot play a role in treating diseases. Abuse of some antibiotics may also lead to deafness (especially in children) and imbalance of flora in human body, which may be life-threatening in severe cases.
26. What are the hazards of frequent excessive drinking (alcoholism)?
A: Excessive drinking will reduce appetite and food intake, which will lead to multiple nutrient deficiencies, acute and chronic alcoholism, alcoholic fatty liver and so on. In severe cases, alcoholic cirrhosis even occurs. Excessive drinking will also increase the risk of diseases such as hypertension and stroke, and lead to an increase in traffic accidents and violent incidents, which is harmful to personal health and social stability. Alcoholism should be strictly prohibited.
27. Why do you want to drink safe and hygienic water?
A: Polluted drinking water will spread diseases such as intestinal infectious diseases; People who drink unsterilized water may get diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery and hepatitis A; May also cause poisoning; Due to the influence of geological structure, the content of fluorine and arsenic in drinking water in some areas is too high, and long-term drinking will lead to endemic diseases such as fluorosis and arsenic poisoning. In order to protect health, we should pay attention to drinking safe and hygienic water.
28. What are the benefits of a light diet with less salt?
A: Excessive salt intake is closely related to the prevalence of hypertension. Fat is one of the important sources of human energy, but excessive fat intake will increase the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis. We should form the habit of eating less salt, that is, the diet should not be too greasy or salty, and we should not eat too much animal food and fried, smoked and pickled food.
29. What are drugs?
A: Drugs refer to substances that are used to prevent, treat and diagnose human diseases, purposefully regulate human physiological functions, and specify indications or functional indications, usage and dosage, including Chinese herbal medicines, Chinese herbal pieces, Chinese patent medicines, chemical raw materials and their preparations, antibiotics, biochemical drugs, radioactive drugs, serum, vaccines, blood products and diagnostic drugs.
What are the benefits of washing your hands frequently?
A: Hand washing is closely related to human health. Hand is one of the important media for the spread of infectious diseases. Hands carry pathogens (viruses and bacteria that cause diseases, etc.) ) You can spread pathogens to others by shaking hands and touching handrails, and pathogens can also invade the body by touching their eyes, mouth and nose, causing infection. Therefore, washing hands frequently in the right way can effectively prevent infection and spread diseases.
3 1. What are the advantages of often opening the window for ventilation?
A: (1) Ultraviolet rays in sunlight can kill many pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, opening the window often and letting the sun shine indoors can keep the room dry and reduce the chances of bacteria and mold breeding. Receiving sunlight can improve the body's ability to absorb calcium; (2) A poorly ventilated house will increase the chances of germs and viruses spreading indoors. Therefore, opening windows frequently and keeping the air circulating in the house can avoid breathing dirty and toxic air, prevent respiratory infectious diseases and keep healthy.
32. What are the clinical symptoms of tuberculosis?
A: The clinical symptoms of tuberculosis begin with general malaise, fatigue, loss of appetite, low fever, night sweats, cough and expectoration. Women also have irregular menstruation, and later their symptoms get worse, such as emaciation, chest pain, and even hemoptysis and dyspnea. Most patients have no obvious early symptoms and are often mistaken for colds or bronchitis.
What are the benefits of drinking milk?
A: Milk food is an excellent source of dietary calcium because of its complete nutrients, appropriate proportion of nutrients and easy digestion and absorption. Drinking milk for children and adolescents is beneficial to growth and bone health, thus delaying the age of osteoporosis in adulthood; Drinking milk for middle-aged and elderly people can reduce bone loss and is beneficial to bone health.
34. What are the causes of hypertension?
A: Family history of hypertension, overweight and obesity, high-salt diet, excessive drinking and lack of physical activity are the main risk factors of hypertension. Crowding, noise, sudden drop in temperature, cold, disasters and other harsh environments can increase blood pressure; Strenuous exercise, dangerous work, tension and fatigue, excessive mental stress, emotional excitement, anger, jealousy and excessive sexual activity will all increase blood pressure.
35. What is the principle of adding complementary food to babies?
A: From one to many, from few to many, from fine to coarse. Add one first, usually egg yolk or rice flour, and then add the second one when the baby gets used to it. Start with a small amount and gradually increase. The form of complementary food added at first should be muddy paste, and gradually transition to solid food. Observe whether the baby's stool is normal, and don't add new food during the baby's illness. The added food varieties should be diversified to prevent anorexia.
36. How to escape in case of fire?
Answer: In case of sudden fire, if you can't put out the fire, you should escape quickly regardless of your property. Because the fire will produce toxic smoke, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel or skirt when you escape, and try to evacuate the disaster site in an orderly manner.
37. What diseases can smoking and passive smoking cause?
A: (1) can cause a variety of cancers. Such as lung cancer, oral cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer, leukemia and cervical cancer. (2) It will cause a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Such as coronary heart disease and stroke;
(3) It can cause various respiratory diseases. Include dyspnea, chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (4) It can cause organ damage, resulting in infertility, low birth weight and sudden death of newborns, cataracts, erectile dysfunction, osteoporosis, digestive tract ulcers, etc.
38. What are the benefits of regular physical examination?
A: Regular physical examination can help you understand your physical health and find health problems and diseases as soon as possible, so as to change bad behavior habits and reduce health risk factors. For the health problems and diseases found in the inspection, we should seize the best opportunity and take timely measures.
39. What is the goal of the National Action for Healthy Ningxia?
A: Health promotes popularization, health education is equal, health literacy is universal, and healthy Ningxia is formal.
40. What are the three improvements proposed by Healthy Ningxia National Action?
A: Carry out various forms of nationwide health knowledge publicity and popularization activities to improve the awareness rate of people's health concepts and basic knowledge, the formation rate of healthy lifestyles and behaviors, and the mastery rate of basic skills.
4 1. What are the three reductions proposed by Healthy Ningxia National Action?
A: Reduce the incidence of infectious diseases, chronic diseases and endemic diseases.
42. Did someone get an electric shock?
Answer: To turn off the power supply immediately, you can also use a non-conductive object to separate the electric shock victim from the power supply. Never touch the body of the person who gets an electric shock directly to prevent rescuers from getting an electric shock.
43, how to use quantitative salt spoon
Answer: When using a 2-gram quantitative salt spoon, the salt content of each flat spoon is 2 grams.
44. What is the shelf life of food?
Answer: It refers to the time limit for maintaining food quality (quality) under the condition of food labeling. During this period, the food quality meets the requirements on the label or product standards.
45. Which period of 24 hours a day has the highest sleep quality?
A: 10 has the highest sleep quality from afternoon to 4 am.
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