The advantages of solid culture are simple operation, low equipment investment, low production cost, low requirements for the quality of operators and almost no sewage. The disadvantages are low production efficiency, large labor, uneven fermentation, extensive technology and large area, which is suitable for low value-added products.

The advantages of liquid culture are submerged culture, high production efficiency, easy automatic control, and accurate control of the process by various means. However, the disadvantages are large equipment investment, strict sterilization, complicated operation, high quality requirements for operators and large amount of fermented sewage, which is suitable for high added value and large-scale production.