? Historical Records is a great historical work written by Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty, after he was imprisoned. Mr. Lu Xun called it "the historian's swan song, and Li Sao has no rhyme."

? The Historical Records, the first of the twenty-four histories, is the first biographical general history of China, which records the magnificent history from Huangdi to Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty for 3,000 years.

Reading history makes one wise, and reading poetry makes one witty. Follow Tai Shigong's notes and relive the 3,000-year history from the Three Emperors and Five Emperors to the Western Han Dynasty. Kings and princes, emperors and princes, doctors, nobles, literati, ordinary people, the rise and fall of various countries, the ups and downs of romantic figures. Let's understand the past, live in the present and predict the future.

? Historical records can be divided into five types: biographies, biographies, books and tables. Sima Qian, a great historian, with a sense of responsibility as a historian, "changes from ancient times to modern times in Ming Dynasty have become unified words". This history book can be described as a masterpiece with both literature and history, and it has become a classic example for future generations to write historical biographies. Especially in literature, it has a far-reaching influence on later novels, essays, biographies and other genres.

Sima Qian was the son of Sima Yan, an official in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Ancestors are one of the five emperors. In modern times, Zhou is behind Li. Ancestors rule the four seasons of heaven and earth, to later historians and to ancestors.

From the age of 20, Sima Qian visited most of the territory of the Han Dynasty three times in a few years. Enriched knowledge, increased knowledge, and collected many anecdotes, which provided a lot of credible materials for the later compilation of Historical Records.

Sima Qian successively served as Langguan, Langzhong, Taishiling and Zhongshuling, and followed Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty for many times to participate in the Taishan meditation ceremony. The ancient calendar was revised, and the taichu calendar was formulated, which was approved by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and extended to the Qing Dynasty.

? Reading gains and feelings

1. Through Sima Zhi's pen, let us have a more comprehensive understanding and understanding of the rise and fall of the national dynasty during the three thousand years from the Yellow Emperor to the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Especially in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in the past 500 years, the life stories of feudal lords fighting for hegemony and conquest, and people from all walks of life in politics, military affairs and business have been contended by hundred schools of thought, and the contents are extremely rich. It provides valuable cultural and spiritual wealth for our future generations.

Reading through historical records is equivalent to reading the biographies of hundreds of historical figures in a few days. Because of their different personalities, their words and deeds in different times, different classes, different periods and different occasions affect their career prospects and even life and death, while the big ones affect the rise and fall of a country and a city. It can provide valuable positive and negative experiences and lessons for our present people in life, work and career.

3. From the changes of the country and people's activities, we can better understand the geography, administrative changes and ethnic migration and integration of China.

4. Our ancestors left us many idioms and allusions:

1. Offer a humble apology (Zhao Lianpo and Lin Xiangru)

2. Introduce yourself (Zhao Guoping Yuan Jun)

3. Cockcrow and Dog Thief (Changjun, Meng Qi)

4. Hip humiliation (Han Xin)

5. Make a tree to win the trust (Qin Shangyang) and make a joint attack (Qin State)

6. Sleeping on one's laurels (Gou Jian, King of Yue)

7. shine on you is better than blue (Xunzi), perseverance, stone can be carved (Xunzi)

8. Benevolence is invincible (Mencius)

9. Yelang is arrogant (Han Wudi era)

10. There are too many allusions, such as the darkness of the plank road (Chu-Han War), ambush on all sides and siege on all sides.

Every allusion comes from a vivid and tortuous historical event, which greatly enriches our knowledge of history and literature and has implications, warnings and inspirations for our lives. ...

4. Looking around the world today, there are nearly 195 countries and 35 regions (230 in total), and the whole situation is very similar to that from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period more than 2,500 years ago. Such as the United Nations, the United States, Russia, the European Union (Germany, France, Italy, etc. ), China, Britain, ASEAN, African Union, NAFTA, NATO, South American Free Trade Area, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, OECD, APEC, Australia and many other international organizations, military groups, economic and trade organizations and independent countries. Some experts compare the present situation of China with that of Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. We can read historical records and understand the history of countries in past dynasties, which is very helpful for us to analyze and understand modern state relations and national strategies.

The life experiences and fates of many historical figures from different classes can be used as good positive and negative teaching materials. Careful comparison with ourselves is very enlightening to us on how to cultivate our self-cultivation and how to choose the advance and retreat in different stages of life.

Historical figures worthy of attention with intransitive verbs;

Huangdi, Emperor Taizong Yao Di, Duke Zhou (Zhou Wenwang), Laozi, Zhuangzi, Confucius, Sean (the first counselor of the Western Han Dynasty), Boyi and Shu Qi, Guan Zhong, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, Mencius, Xunzi, the four sons of the Warring States, Qu Yuan and Jia Yi, Fan Li and Sima Qian. ...

Huangdi: the earliest ancestor of the Chinese nation recorded in historical records. Unify the tribes in China at that time, formulate rules of musical and costume, manage astronomical calendars, promote agricultural water conservancy, set up cities, and master the art of health cultivation, which has the wisdom and wisdom of Taoist style. Shishou 120 years old (or 160 years old) can be described as a lifetime.

Emperor Yao of the Tang Dynasty:

The fifth grandson of the Yellow Emperor is said to have a life span of 1.20 years (also said to be 1.60 years) and reigned for 70 years (also said to have reigned for 98 years). The first wise monarch gave up the throne of the son of heaven. He is also the ancestor of more than 20 surnames such as Ji, surnamed tang and Zhou.

Zhou Wenwang:

The "inventor" of Zhouyi. The Book of Changes is deeply embedded in the spiritual marrow of the Chinese nation (many wisdom principles, such as the mutual roots of Yin and Yang, extremes meet, self-improvement, respect for morality, humility to benefit, and attracting losses). , all from the Book of Changes), the maker of the etiquette and music regulations in the Zhou Dynasty for 800 years, and the regulator and practitioner of China's "German" culture ...

4. Lao Tzu:

Founder and demonstrator of Taoist culture in China. By the way, Lao Tzu's "governing by doing nothing" is not "passive inaction", but according to the objective law of things, the law of man and nature, and the humanity of the times, he knows how to do something, not to do nothing. The 5,000-word Tao Te Ching is not only an interpretation of simple materialist dialectics, but also a masterpiece containing the secret words of Taoist practice of harmony between man and nature. Worth our in-depth study!

5.confucius:

Founder of Confucian culture. In fact, he is also a man of cultivating consciousness. Other famous ancient books are slightly described, and interested scholars can look for them from Mencius' chapters. Usually we pay more attention to The Analects of Confucius, the essence of Confucius' speech collection.

After the promotion and introduction of Confucian disciples in past dynasties, Confucianism was finally put into practice and applied as the main theory of governing the world from Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Confucius' spirit of "doing what you know you can't do" is similar to the spirit of Buddhist bodhisattvas joining the WTO to help the poor! In fact, after the Yuan and Song Dynasties, Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism continued to merge and learn from each other. Today, it is difficult for ordinary people to distinguish between Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.

Wang Zhongyang, the founder of Taoism Quanzhen Sect, instructed seven disciples before he ascended to heaven and became immortal, and often read the four classics of Filial Piety, Heart Sutra, Pure Sutra and Tao Te Ching. The Book of Filial Piety is a Confucian classic, the Book of Heart is a Buddhist classic, and the last two are Taoist classics.

Master Taixu, one of the four great Buddhist monks in modern times, advocated human Buddhism. Advocate the practice of joining the WTO and put forward the slogan "Man's success is the success of Buddha". This is also deeply influenced by the Confucian spirit of death. It is more grounded and practical to put Buddhist practice on the ground.

The Confucian thought of "generosity can help the world and poverty can help itself" is not only a combination of self-cultivation and self-awakening in Buddhism, but also a combination of free and easy life in Taoism.

6. Sean:

The first counselor of the western han dynasty. After helping Liu Bang lay a solid foundation in the world, he retired from politics and once traveled in the valley, which was classified as a Taoist figure by later generations. Now there is Sean Temple in Gongxian County, Shaanxi Province! The turning point in his life was when he met a hermit, Huang Shigong, and gave him a book called Sushu. Sean's mastery of its essence was less than 30%, which helped Liu Bang win the world. It can be seen that Su Shu with only 1320 characters is worth learning.

……

Sima Qian:

I am an iron-boned, bear the burden of humiliation, dare to speak and act, respect historical facts, full of sense of mission, used for inquiry, broad vision, study hard, integrate literature and history, have both knowledge and courage, be a hero in the field of history and a pioneer in the field of literature. ...

It can be said that no amount of fame is too much!