First, the origin of Qingming
Tomb-Sweeping Day is an important traditional folk festival in China, and it is one of the eight important festivals: Shangyuan, Qingming, Long Summer, Dragon Boat Festival, Central Plains, Mid-Autumn Festival, Winter Solstice and New Year's Eve. Generally speaking, it is on April 5 in the solar calendar, but its festival is very long. There are two kinds of sayings: eight days before the tenth day and ten days after the tenth day, and these 20 days belong to Tomb-Sweeping Day.
It is said that the origin of Tomb-Sweeping Day began with the "grave-sweeping" ceremony of ancient emperors and generals. Later, people followed suit, and it became a fixed custom of the Chinese nation to worship ancestors and sweep graves on this day. Originally, the Cold Food Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day were two different festivals. In the Tang Dynasty, the day of sweeping graves was designated as the Cold Food Festival. One hundred and five days after beginning of winter, the solstice was called cold food. In the past, fire was forbidden and cold food was eaten, so it was also called "Cold Food Festival" and "No Smoking Festival". According to folklore, cold food is to commemorate the burning of mesons in Mianshan during the Spring and Autumn Period, and Jin Wengong ordered the fire to be banned. Jiezitui is from Shanxi, so the custom of cold food is first popular in Shanxi. In the old days, cold food cut off fire, and the next day there was a ceremony to drill wood for fire in the palace, and the people also begged each other for fire with wicker.
Fifteen days after the vernal equinox is Qingming, a good day for an outing. Tomb-Sweeping Day is also a day to visit graves and worship ancestors, which is also called "Ghost Festival" and "Ghost Festival" among the people, and "Three Ghosts Festival" together with July 15th and October 1st, and there is also a ceremony for the city god to patrol the city.
Cold Food Festival and Qingming Festival were originally two festivals, but most people in Shandong combined them into one. Generally called Tomb-Sweeping Day, a few areas are called Cold Food Festival, but the festival is in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Kenli has been called "Great Cold Food", "Second Cold Food" and "Third Cold Food" since the first three days in Tomb-Sweeping Day, and the fourth day is Qingming, during which people sweep graves and go hiking. Juancheng takes the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day as the Cold Food Festival, and also calls Tomb-Sweeping Day the Ghost Gate Festival.
The custom of offering sacrifices to ancestors and sweeping graves in front of graves originated very early in China. As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, people attached great importance to tombs. Mencius and Qi People in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period also mentioned a person who was laughed at by Qi people. He often went to the tomb of Dongguo to beg for offerings from the tomb, which showed that sweeping graves was very popular during the Warring States period. When I arrived in Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, I designated cold food sweeping the grave as one of the "five rituals". Therefore, whenever Tomb-Sweeping Day comes, "the fields and roads are crowded with scholars and women, and the servants and beggars of soap merchants get their parents' graves." (Liu Zongyuan's Book with Xu Jingzhao) Grave sweeping has become an important social custom.
In spring, when it is still cold, it is forbidden to make a fire to eat cold food, for fear that some old, weak women and children can't stand the cold. In order to prevent cold food from harming their health, outdoor activities such as hiking, outing, swinging, playing football, playing polo, inserting willows, tug of war, fighting cocks, etc. It has been decided that everyone should come out to bask in the sun, exercise their bones and muscles and increase their resistance. Therefore, in addition to worshipping ancestors and sweeping graves, Tomb-Sweeping Day also has various outdoor fitness activities, which makes this festival not only have sentimental feelings of pursuing the future with caution, but also incorporate the atmosphere of enjoying spring with joy; There are both sad and sour tears in Where Are You Going, and vivid and bright scenes everywhere. This is really a very special festival. Grave-sweeping in Tomb-Sweeping Day is a festival custom related to funeral customs. According to records, in ancient times, "tombs were not graves", that is to say, only graves were dug and graves were not built, so sacrifices were not recorded. Later, graves and graves, the custom of offering sacrifices to sweep graves, were supported. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, tomb sacrifice has become an indispensable ritual activity.
Hanshu. According to Yan Yannian's biography, although he is thousands of miles away from Beijing, his family will "return to the East China Sea Cemetery" in Qingming. Yan Yannian's behavior is reasonable in terms of the development and strengthening of ancestor worship and consanguinity consciousness of China people. Therefore, the tomb sacrifices that were not included in the norms in ancient times were also included in the Five Rites: "It is appropriate for a scholar to go to the grave and be included in the Five Rites, and it will always be a routine." With the official approval, the wind of tomb sacrifice is bound to flourish.
Due to the custom of ancestor worship, grave sweeping and mountain climbing in vast areas of China, it has gradually evolved into a traditional festival for China people to commemorate their ancestors by grave sweeping and worship. At the turn of mid-spring and late spring, it is generally 65,438+006 days from winter to the future, the day after the Cold Food Festival. Grave-sweeping activities can last about ten days before and after the festival.
In the north, people only eat cold food prepared in advance, such as jujube cakes and wheat cakes. In the south, there are mostly green balls and glutinous rice and sugar lotus roots. In every Tomb-Sweeping Day, people put wicker in a circle and put wicker branches in front and back of the house as a souvenir.
2. What are the three phenology of Tomb-Sweeping Day Qi?
Tomb-Sweeping Day is one of the 24 solar terms in the lunar calendar. It starts around April 5th every year when the sun reaches the longitude of 15; "Twenty-four solar terms": "March Festival" ... At this time, everything is clean and clear. "
"Almanac": "On the fifteenth day after the vernal equinox, the bucket refers to Ding, which is used for Qingming, when everything is clean and bright, and when it is covered, everything is clean and bright, hence the name." Tomb-Sweeping Day, Chu, Yu and Jiu San Festival are also the four major festivals for ancestor worship in Chinese traditional festivals.
People use it to arrange agricultural activities. "Huainanzi Astronomical Training" says: "Fifteen days after the vernal equinox, the bucket refers to B, and the Qingming wind is coming." According to the centenarian question, "everything grows clean and bright at this time." So it is called Qingming. " As soon as Qingming arrives, the temperature rises and the rainfall increases, which is a good time for spring ploughing and planting. Therefore, there is an agricultural proverb that "before and after Qingming, point melons and plant beans" and "planting trees is not as good as Qingming". It can be seen that this solar term is closely related to agricultural production.
Why did you choose Qingming to sweep the grave? Qingming is the return of spring. In the vibrant season, people's mood will be relaxed and happy. At this time, sweeping graves to worship ancestors can make people not forget to die in life and not be carried away. "Be cautious to the end, pursue the distance, and be virtuous to the people". Being cautious to the end means paying attention to death and thinking about its significance; Pursuing the distance is the pursuit of the past and the future, not short-sighted in the present.
Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known as the outing festival, is an important period of one-year health preservation, and the growth of the body lies in spring. Breathing and breathing are beneficial to human yang. It is recommended to wear loose clothes and exercise in fresh air.
The first stage of Tomb-Sweeping Day: Tung Hua At this time, Tung Hua began to blossom.
The second stage of Tomb-Sweeping Day: voles turn into owls, voles hide in their caves because of their strong yang, and ostriches who love yang begin to come out. The vole is the most yin thing, and the bird is the most yang thing. The vole turns into an owl, indicating that the yin hides and the yang grows stronger.
The third stage of Tomb-Sweeping Day: At the beginning of the rainbow, the rainbow is the intersection of Yin and Yang, which is pure Yin and Yang. If the clouds are thin and the sun leaks, you will see a rainbow.
Third, Qingming recommends eight traditional cuisines.
Tomb-Sweeping Day is one of the twenty-four solar terms in China, a traditional festival in China, and a day to worship ancestors and sweep graves. In addition to offering sacrifices to ancestors, sweeping graves and hiking in Qingming, tasting seasonal food is also a major feature. In special seasons, we can taste unique food, feel the breath of traditional festivals, and remember our ancestors more.
"There are many rains during the Qingming period, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls." This poem, which has been sung for thousands of years, always explains the unchanging feelings since ancient times. It seems that it rains in Tomb-Sweeping Day every year. Although the rain in Tomb-Sweeping Day is related to the solar terms, I believe that the rain in Tomb-Sweeping Day is the sad rain and tears we remember for the deceased. Tomb-Sweeping Day is one of the twenty-four solar terms in China, a traditional festival in China, and a day to worship ancestors and sweep graves. Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known as the outing festival, is a lush season from April 4th to 6th every year, and it is also a good time for people to have a spring outing. Therefore, the ancients had the custom of going for an outing in Qingming.
Tomb-Sweeping Day is first of all a very important solar term. As soon as Tomb-Sweeping Day arrives, the temperature rises, which is a good season for spring ploughing and planting. Therefore, there is a saying that "melons and beans are planted before and after Qingming". Agricultural proverb "Planting trees is not as clear as Qingming". Later, as the days of Qingming and cold food approached, cold food was the day when people banned fire to sweep graves. Gradually, cold food and Qingming became one, and cold food became another name of Qingming and became a custom of Qingming. On Qingming Day, there are no fireworks, only cold food.
In addition to offering sacrifices to ancestors, sweeping graves and hiking in Qingming, tasting seasonal food is also a major feature. In special seasons, we can taste unique food, feel the breath of traditional festivals, and remember our ancestors more. Youth League is one of the indispensable delicacies in Tomb-Sweeping Day. There has been a custom of eating youth league in the south since ancient times. It is green and fragrant, with the unique fragrance of wormwood leaves. What's the smell? It's green, but a little sad, slightly sweet, and the green skin is a little grass. Because there are different dietary customs in different places, what else is there besides the Youth League? Next, I will take you to taste the unique Qingming flavor-eight seasonal delicacies in Tomb-Sweeping Day.
First, fried melon seeds-a cold food festival with a history of 2640 years.
Highlight: Fried steamed buns originated in Hongtong County, Linfen, Shanxi Province. Hongtong County is one of the cradles of ancient civilization in China, and was once the largest immigrant in history. So, now sozi is found all over the north and south. "Sazi" is the "cooler" of the ancient cold food festival and a famous seasonal food. Because there is no fire in the Cold Food Festival, the day before the Cold Food Festival is called "cooking". On this day, people will prepare all kinds of cold food for the next few days until the end of Tomb-Sweeping Day.
Snack features: Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica. Tanabe clearly said: "jiaozi, a cold and fast food, also uses glutinous rice flour and flour, adds a little salt, pulls a rope button and twists it into a ring, and ... the entrance is as crisp as Ling Xue." It can be seen that prickly heat and twist, an ancient unusual food, can be compared with it.
Second, push steamed cakes-a traditional snack of the Cold Food Festival with a history of 2,500 years.
Highlight: Zitui steamed cake, commonly known as steamed cake, is a local traditional food in Shanxi, which is said to have a history of more than 2,500 years. Purple steamed cakes are said to be cooked food handed down from the Cold Food Festival. To commemorate the loyal Jie tui, there was no fireworks or hot food on the day of his death, so this day was called Cold Food Festival. So what do people eat on this day? They all make something to eat in advance, and eat cold food at the Cold Food Festival. These foods are mainly steamed cakes, which are also called steamed cakes because they are pushed to commemorate mesons.
Snack features: Zitui steamed cake is made of refined flour, pig fat, scallion, sesame oil, pepper powder and alkali through kneading, fermentation, adding alkali, kneading, rolling, feeding, pulling agent, pressing and cage steaming. Soft and delicious, suitable for all ages!
Third, Qingming Banquet-Shanxi Noodle with the theme of loyalty and filial piety
Highlight: Qingming Banquet is one of the dough sculptures that Shanxi people must make during Qingming Festival. Knead it into the shape of a swallow with flour, string it with wild jujube trees or willow branches in Shanxi, and hang it on the lintel to express "nostalgia" for the sages. This custom has lasted for 2500 years in Shanxi, and it is still active in people's lives to show the connotation of "loyalty and filial piety". In the leisure time of the small holiday, you can try this interesting pasta, not only to commemorate Jie tui's loyalty and filial piety, but more importantly, to inherit the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, honor your parents, spend more time at home, and don't wait until your son is filial and your relatives are gone to be sad.
Snack features: The Little Swallow at Qingming Festival is made to commemorate meson push, so it is also called "Zituiyan". Qingming Yan can make one or three, and pile them together to form a "pin" shape, which means that mesons push nobles.
Fourth, printing Qingming jiaozi-the most classic Qingming fruit
Highlight: Q The taste of glutinous rice is green, and the unique aroma of Artemisia argyi leaves is irreplaceable by other kinds of green vegetable juice. Eating in your mouth is full of clear taste. Next, I will share with you the most classic Qingming fruit seal Qingming dumplings. After the long vacation, you can try it, taste the unique taste with your relatives, remember the deceased relatives, and thank your relatives who can accompany you now.
Snack features: What's that smell? Green is a little sad, the stuffing is slightly sweet, the green belt smells a little grass, the color is green, the breath of spring is clear.
Five, Qingming dumplings-Qingming dumplings with Jiangnan flavor
Highlight: Jiangnan people call eating green jiaozi for the first time in spring "tasting spring" to taste the taste of spring. From ancient times to the present, people are used to offering sacrifices to their ancestors with Qingming dumplings. In addition to being a sacrifice, Qingming dumplings are also popular in Jiangnan during the Qingming period, which is actually a kind of green dumplings. Because "Qingming" and "smart" are homophonic, there is another saying that having children today is the smartest. Many people hold their babies and ask their neighbors for "Qingming Tuanzi", which is called "seeking cleverness". Green jiaozi has played a role in winning favor here.
Snack features: Only at this specific time, this kind of glutinous rice balls can reflect such a unique Qingming taste, which is fragrant, astringent and sweet.
Sixth, the lazy version of the Youth League-you can directly use wormwood powder as a youth league.
Highlight: Although green meatballs are popular in Tomb-Sweeping Day, there are no mugwort leaves in some areas. What should I do? How to make memorable snacks on this special festival? You can easily make Youth League Music by directly using wormwood powder, and it is simpler than using wormwood leaves. Oh, the gospel of the lazy, haha! The finished product is obviously anti-solar terms in both color and taste, which is a bit bitter ~ ~ ~ ~
Snack features: take a bite and taste slowly. There is a trace of bitterness in the sweet glutinous rice, which is a little bitter and sweet. Life is bitter and sweet, and living every day carefully is happiness.
Seven, vegetable juice version of Yong Lian-Interpretation of Yong Lian with vegetable juice
Highlight: Cooking is like life. As long as you think about it, there will always be a way, just like a green ball. You don't have to use wormwood. People who don't have wormwood leaves or wormwood powder can use the most common vegetable juice. All kinds of green vegetable juices will do. Look at a touch of turquoise and you can feel the festive atmosphere. After a short three-day holiday, interested friends can also try this unique seasonal food ~
Snack features: sweet and waxy taste with a hint of vegetable fragrance. Although not as bitter as wormwood, the bright green color is still gratifying. Good food is not only the taste, but also the charm. Cherish the ancestors and cherish the present. I hope everything goes well at all times! No matter what is not static, if you do it with your heart, there will always be unexpected gains.
Eight, sauce-fried snails-Qingming snails, top geese
Recommended reason: People always say "clear snails and fat geese" and "clear snails are the geese". This statement comes from people who were too poor to afford geese in the past. Every time before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, they go down to the pond to touch a pot of snails, raise them with clear water for two days, then cut off the tail and cook them with some onions, ginger and peppers. Fat snails can also be worth delicious goose meat. Sauce-flavored snails, the most common but classic practice of snails, are vividly set off by the fragrance of bean paste, which is really delicious!
Snack features: mouth watering, spicy taste, delicious snail meat, old wine and snails, very pleasant! I used to live in poverty, and eating conch before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day was more delicious than goose. We are lucky enough to live in the present and have plenty of food and clothing. We should thank our ancestors for their hard work for today's beautiful life!
In addition to eating some special seasonal foods, Tomb-Sweeping Day is also a time of lush vegetation and a good opportunity for people to have a spring outing, so the ancients had the custom of going for an outing in Qingming. Spring breeze is blowing, flowers are blooming and willows are green. The Qingming Festival is the best time to travel in the spring. In this season of warm spring in bloom, bring your family or invite three or five friends to feel the birds and flowers in spring, breathe the simplest breath of nature and feel the beautiful life endowed by nature. Everything is so comfortable.
Four, Qingming health six strokes to protect the liver and stomach
With the coming of Qingming holiday, grave sweeping, ancestor worship and outing began. Experts remind that citizens should pay attention to protecting their health while remembering their loved ones and enjoying the spring scenery.
The weather is changeable, so calming the liver and keeping warm is not relaxing.
Recently, sometimes it is windy and sometimes it rains. As Tomb-Sweeping Day approaches, the weather seems to become sentimental. Wind and rain are the climatic characteristics before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day. However, people sweep graves and go hiking, and outdoor activities increase. If they don't pay attention, they will be easily attacked by common cold. Whether you are sweeping graves or hiking, you should do a good job of keeping warm. It is best to prepare a coat that can be put on and off at will to prevent the invasion of foreign evils. "Pregnant women, the elderly and the infirm should pay more attention to keep warm and rest when sweeping graves.
During the Qingming Festival, the wind is dry and the liver fire in the human body is strong. Internal and external combination is prone to symptoms such as dry mouth and nose. When going out, besides keeping warm, you should drink plenty of water. In terms of diet, calming the liver, nourishing the kidney and moistening the lungs are the main food, and invigorating the spleen, supporting the yang and eliminating dampness are the main food. Ginger, onion and leek should be eaten in moderation, avoiding dry and irritating foods such as mutton and pepper, and eating more fresh fruits and vegetables.
Go out for an outing and focus on skin care and stomach nourishing.
"There are many kinds of wild vegetables in spring. Digging or buying some wild vegetables to take home after sweeping the grave has become the choice of many people. " Chen Yongchun, director of the Nutrition Department of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, said, "If you dig wild vegetables in the suburbs, you'd better go home and soak them for a long time to clean the pollutants on the wild vegetables."
Li, chief physician of dermatology department of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, reminded that it is the season of solar dermatitis of plants, and most wild vegetables contain photosensitive substances, which are easy to cause dermatitis. Wild vegetables with strong photosensitivity include purslane, mustard, grey cabbage, Malantou, safflower and so on. "If you have a photosensitive disease, or have been sunburned, and there are patients with lupus erythematosus, it is best not to eat too many wild vegetables when you go out for a walk." Li said: "If you eat too many wild vegetables, you'd better not bask in the sun, otherwise your skin will be red, burning and even blistered." "Since Tomb-Sweeping Day, insect activities have become active. In the wild, you should avoid going deep into the grass It is best to wear long-sleeved underwear and boots and tighten sleeves and cuffs to avoid skin exposure. " Li Boqun reminded that spring is also a high incidence of pollen allergy. People with allergies should wear masks and sunglasses when sweeping graves in the wild. They should choose flowers and trees to walk in the wind and bring anti-allergic drugs when necessary.
In spring, the weather is sunny and willows sprout. After the winter cold season, people can only let the interest increase and must not stifle it. We should do more outdoor activities and have a spring outing in the beautiful suburbs to help them be fluent, happy and open-minded. It is of great benefit to health care.
Be careful not to pick wild vegetables and mushrooms you don't know when you go out for an outing, especially when you take your children out. When there are symptoms of food poisoning such as dizziness, dyspnea, purple lips, vomiting, etc., you should drink some warm water in time, artificially induce vomiting, and go to a nearby hospital as soon as possible.
Pay attention to grave sweeping and mental health care.
Tomb-Sweeping Day is an important sacrificial festival, and many people will inevitably think of some things and people and feel extremely sad. "During Tomb-Sweeping Day, mental health care is very important, especially for those who have psychological hidden dangers and diseases. Don't be too immersed in sad emotions. " Cai Jinlin, a psychological counselor of Zhengzhou Foster Consulting Service Co., Ltd., said, "For anxiety patients, it is more likely to have a sense of urgency, self-blame and guilt when sweeping graves."
Tomb-Sweeping Day, sadness and depression should not last too long. Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and hypertension should pay more attention not to be tired and sad, remind themselves to stabilize their emotions, and it is best to have relatives to accompany them when sweeping graves. Li Boqun reminded that spring is the season when everything grows, so we should keep a good mood. Through hiking, walking and other activities, we can adjust our mood and make our body and mind happy.
Prevention of plague in spring
In spring, everything wakes up and is full of vitality, and all kinds of viruses and bacteria are easy to spread. Any trouble will cause diseases, so all kinds of diseases are common, such as influenza, meningitis, whooping cough, measles, diphtheria and mumps. At this time, it is necessary to adapt to climate change, pay attention to cold and warmth and exercise, and enhance disease resistance.
In the early spring, the weather is sunny, the spring is bright, or it rains continuously, and the cold wind bursts, and the cold air attacks people. The pathogenic damp heat begins to move, and the pathogenic microorganisms, bacteria and viruses begin to become active. Therefore, in the high incidence season of diseases in spring, it is of great benefit to our health to do a good job in the prevention of infectious diseases.
Prevention of mumps
Mumps is easy to spread in spring, and the incubation period is 7~ 14 days. At first, the symptoms of this disease were general fatigue, thirst, fidgeting, and sometimes high fever could reach 39℃. The outstanding performance is that the pain is aggravated when the earlobe is the center, and the course of disease is 1~2 weeks.
This disease is spread through saliva droplets entering the oral mucosa and nasal mucosa, so it is necessary to reduce children's going to crowded cinemas, shopping malls and other public places, and the bedroom should be ventilated frequently.
Mumps patients should be isolated for 3 weeks. After getting sick, they should stay in bed and have a light diet. Rinse your mouth with 2% salt water every day, take Banlangen granules or antiviral oral liquid orally, and use Ruyi Huangjin Powder for external use. This virus is extremely sensitive to ultraviolet rays, so they should disinfect clothes and bedding in the sun.