Now analyze these four points one by one.
First, the concept of Ci is obviously different. Lu You despised the new poetic style of Ci all his life. Under the background of Jingkang's southern expedition and great changes in his poetic style, he basically regarded this energetic new poetic style as a kind of "path" and "afterthought", which was very conservative and out of date. He condemned the fine print, made a "self-examination" and regretted that he had written some "unruly" words. For example, in his Preface to Long and Short Sentences (Selected Works of Weinan, Volume 14), he said:
After wind, elegance and praise, it is coquettish, fu, qu, introduction, behavior and ballad. After thousands of years, it became thinner and thinner from the early Tang Dynasty. Wandering in the secular world when I was young, I did a pretty good thing. I regretted it later, but I couldn't stop singing. It has been several years since I wrote a book, and I can't hide my nostalgia, because the first book was to get to know me.
In another "Flower Collection Postscript", he even belittled the word "style" by condemning "Flower Collection":
Picking Flowers was written by people in the late Tang and Five Dynasties. Unfortunately, the world is in danger and people can't save lives. Or because of boredom?
These two articles were written around the age of sixty-five, which can roughly represent his views on ci for most of his life. In his later years (after 80 years old), his views on Ci changed slightly, and his attitude towards Ci was both positive and negative, affirming and praising its lyrical function of "keeping the old state" and expressing "ups and downs". But he held a conservative and extremely contemptuous attitude towards ci for most of his life. After all, he lost his enthusiasm for the creation of ci, and failed to devote more energy to his original genius and advantages, which greatly affected the theme, image, artistic conception, style and many other aspects of his ci.
However, Xin Qiji's basic views on Ci and his specific creative attitude are quite different from those of Lu You. Although Xin Qiji didn't write an article on Ci as Lu You did, his thoughts and feelings revealed from some sporadic materials and some of his own poems, essays and Ci works can make us realize that he is very serious in Ci creation and has a relatively advanced literary point of view. He doesn't regard words as "Tao" and "things". On the contrary, he regarded it as the main tool to express his will (that is, his master Fan Kai called it "a tool for writing with pottery"). My book "Exploring the Source of Xin Qiji's Ci Heart" has looked up relevant materials, which proves that Xin Qiji has a set of highly combative and utilitarian lyrics. The main points of this thought are as follows: first, he advocates taking "Qi" as the basis and replacing sword with pen; Secondly, he advocated the realistic attitude of writing poems since Du Fu and Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. Thirdly, it advocates that words should write true feelings and oppose creating feelings for the text; Fourthly, I think that ci is not only "resentful" like poetry, but also "angry", that is, ci is the best art form of "expressing anger" and "writing on the chest"; Fifthly, I think that since Ci is an ambitious "instrument of pottery and brush", its style pursuit should be "magnificent and elegant, not clever and exquisite", that is, it consciously tends to be masculine and heroic all the way, rather than competing with the traditional style of Ci-charm, affection and grace. [3] Because of this way of writing words, Xin Qiji is no longer traditional.
Second, there are obvious differences in the author's self-image, life experience and subjective consciousness. This difference is caused by their different views on words. Xin Qiji devoted his whole life to Ci with Ci as the main lyric means, so in Jia, a work of more than 620 words, there are many works that describe his life experience, present the author's self-image, express the author's subjective consciousness and reflect the author's daily life. With the help of these works, we can restore a very complete and vivid image of Xin Jiaxuan, a national hero against the Jin Dynasty, and have a more comprehensive and concrete understanding of his ideological consciousness and emotional life. Reading Jia Xuan's ci is like reading Xin Jiaxuan's artistic autobiography. But Lu You, because he despises the style of ci, regards it as a "path" and "the rest", and only after writing poetry does he occasionally fiddle with pen and ink to make a few words. So most of his self-image, subjective consciousness, life experience and so on. All of them are written in his poems, and only a few of them are written in Song of Weng, with a total of only 140 words. [4] Therefore, these things with the most personal characteristics for Jia Xuan's poems can only be presented sporadically, piecemeal, unclear or even occasionally in Song of Weng. We just need to give an example to illustrate the problem. Xin and Lu each had an unforgettable military experience (Xin Qiji gathered Lu to fight against Jin when he was young, joined the team, and fought a bloody battle with the army of Jin Bing; Lu You, on the other hand, joined the army in Hanzhong when he was in his prime, and had an extraordinary experience in the front line of national defense. ) I used a pen to recall this experience many times in my later years. But they also expressed this experience in their words, which made them very different: Xin Qiji recited his own history many times, meticulously and vividly, so that people only need to read his words. I left a very vivid and complete impression on this anti-gold hero who won ten thousand people in his prime. On the other hand, Lu You wrote many of his most unforgettable life experiences in his poems because of his literary concept of emphasizing poetry over speaking. In Shi Weng's words, only two or three sentences, such as "Han Gongchun came to Chengdu from Nanzheng in the early days" and "Hatred" (when Wan Li was looking for a seal), mentioned this song "Ma Fang", and the expression of self-image and subjective consciousness in Lu You's ci is far from complete. If we only read words and don't read poems, we can't fully understand his experience, let alone the panoramic view of the patriotic poet and national hero, whose beauty is comparable to that of Xin Qiji.
Third, the different styles of military ci and literati ci. In addition, Xin Helu's ci works also show different characteristics in expressing the poet's self-image because of his different life experiences and social roles. They were also warriors who resisted gold and once joined the army, but Xin Qiji was a real warrior who resisted the enemy. After crossing the south, he led the troops to quell the tea merchant army and the peasant uprising army, and also created the "Flying Tiger Army". They are all about his actual combat experience as a soldier and commander-in-chief, presenting the image of a soldier and general. However, Lu You is basically just a scribe. Although he once joined the army in Hanzhong, he was only a staff officer in the shogunate (Wang Yan, the ambassador of Sichuan and Shaanxi) and never fought with the enemy on the battlefield (of course, Song and Jin were in a truce at that time, and history did not provide him with the opportunity to participate in the war). Therefore, although he described his experience in an exaggerated and fictional way, what he presented in Weng Fang's ci was basically the image of a scholar who had been a guest warrior. When comparing the author's self-image presented in Dongpo's ci and Jiaxuan's ci in Qing Dynasty, Tan Xian said: "Dongpo is a great man in clothes, and Jiaxuan is a machete ranger." ⑤ Reading Xin Ci and Lu Ci is also acceptable.
Fourth, style is people. Because Weng Fang is a "well-dressed man" and Jia Xuan is a "machete chivalrous man", their poems show different subjective styles due to their different social roles and subjective consciousness. Generally speaking, although both schools of Ci tend to be masculine and heroic, Weng Fang's Ci is basically an uninhibited scholar, and his works are mostly known for their lightness, fluency and sophistication, which makes people realize. Jia Xuan's ci is obviously a bold and unconstrained military ci, and its dominant style is galloping, loud and dull, giving people a sense of "arrogance" that runs rampant all over the world. There are many Weng Fang's ci poems in Dongpo style, while Jia Xuan's ci poems are full of gloomy beauty. There are two representative works of this style difference caused by different social roles and life experiences, which need no example to prove. There is also a difference in style caused by their different personalities and broad-mindedness, which needs to be analyzed here. Although both Lu and Xin belong to the generous category, there is still a big difference: Lu You's personality. He even tends to be humble, and even he is pretentious. Such people have no brains, and like to be direct when expressing their wishes, not so subtle. Xin Qiji is a leader who has served as a military commander and official for a long time. He is bold and thoughtful, and his friend cat even thinks he is "heavy and taciturn". All landowners this made him develop a deep and implicit mind. Such people are lyrical when expressing their will. As long as you read two works with the same theme, it is not difficult to find such examples of style differences caused by different personalities and minds. This is just an example. Let's try to look at the lyrics of Weng Fang in such a song "Dead Hua Lian":
Ye Chen strolls at night. I miss Qiu Guang, but Chang 'an Road is dark. It suddenly occurred to me that the place where I straddled the horse should be the same as before. Now I have a canoe in Jianghai, and no one paid for it with a sigh. I believe I will never meet you in my life. I regret being a grass grower.
Take this poem and Xin Qiji's poem "A Partridge with a Guest" to talk about fame, and read it because of remembering current events of teenagers. It can be seen that the themes of the two words are surprisingly consistent, both complaining about the hero's frustration. But the difference in style can be seen at a glance. Chen Tingzhuo's Comments on Baiyuzhai's Ci;
The poem "Die Lian Hua" said, "I once believed that I would never meet you in this life, but it's a pity that the grass grows and the warbler flies and yangfu is here." Feelings are almost in words, without any hint. Jia Xuan's "Partridge Sky" says: "However, I exchanged 10,000 words for the owner's tree planting book." That is to say, it means to express my feelings, but the style is completely different and straightforward. Lu Ci is shallow and straightforward, while Xin Ci is gloomy and heavy. The difference is extremely obvious. It should be admitted that Chen Tingzhuo's point of view is correct.