The most barren hills in China are in the northeast and northwest regions. The basic feature of the ground structure in Northeast China is that water is surrounded by mountains and fertile fields are thousands of miles away. The soil quality is mainly black soil, which is the natural basis for the formation of a large economic zone. South is the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, east and north are surrounded by Yalu River, Tumen River, Wusuli River and Heilongjiang, and only the west is the land boundary.

In the northeast, there are Daxinganling and Xiaoxing 'anling Mountains, the mountains, Zhongshan and low hills of Changbai Mountain, and the vast Songliao Plain and Bohai Depression in the middle. The area of the Northeast Plain is higher than that of the whole country. Specifically, the Northeast Plain can be divided into Songnen Plain, Liaohe Plain, Sanjiang Plain, Hulunbeier Plateau and the sum of mountainous areas, which is almost equal to the mountainous area. There are about 6,543.8 billion mu of land suitable for reclamation in Northeast China, which is rare in China.

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Northeast forest region is the most important natural forest region in China at present, with a forest area of 30.94 million hectares, accounting for 26.9% of the whole country. Southwest China, located in the southeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is mainly composed of alpine coniferous forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. The height difference in this area is very large, and the forests are mostly distributed in the middle and lower part of the hillside below 4000 meters above sea level. The forest area is 22.45 million hectares, accounting for 19.5% of the whole country.

Southeast forest region, a vast mountainous area in southeast China, has good climatic conditions. The main tree species are Pinus massoniana, Pinus taiwanensis, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cryptomeria fortunei, all kinds of bamboos, such as Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, all kinds of evergreen broad-leaved trees, Cinnamomum camphora, Phoebe bournei, Castanopsis fissa, Quercus variabilis and so on. , and all kinds of oak, such as Quercus variabilis, Quercus acutissima, Quercus microphylla, etc.