Lieyukou, whose date of birth and death is unknown, is generally a Zheng person in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Liezi, a pioneer of Taoist school, advocated attaching importance to emptiness. There is a famous chapter named after Zhuangzi, the main purpose of which is to preach that you should not show off your wisdom outside, but cultivate your mind, so as to achieve the realm of "observing the sky", conform to nature and reach the realm of uselessness.
Liezi, also known as Xu Chongjing, is an important Taoist classic. Written by Li Yukou, the book is divided into eight chapters, including Tian Rui, Huangdi, Zhou Muwang, Zhong Ni, Tang Wen, Li Ming, Yang Zhu and Fu Shuo. Each chapter consists of several fables.
Hui Shi (about 370 BC-365438 BC+00 BC) was a politician, debater and philosopher in the Warring States Period.
Hui Shi's works have not been handed down, so his philosophical thoughts are only known to others. The most important one is his thoughts mentioned in the works of his friend Zhuangzi. Among them, the most important is his Ten Stories. He advocated analyzing things in the world extensively and summarizing the laws of the world. In addition to Zhuangzi, Xunzi, Han Feizi and Lv Chunqiu also recorded his behavior and remarks.
Yanhe (about AD 193-249) was a philosopher in Wei and Jin Dynasties and one of the founders of metaphysics. Also known to the world together with Wang Bi. Word, born in Wan (now Nanyang, Henan).
According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Yanhe "is good at the words of Laozi and Zhuangzi, and has written On Morality, various essays and dozens of works". But most of them have been lost, and only The Analects of Confucius and Ode to Jingfu Hall are well preserved. Liezi Zhang Zhanzhu preserved the lost words of Yanhe Lun Dao Unknown, among which Lun Dao may be a part of Lun De. The only remaining lost articles of reconciliation are also recorded in Volume 39 of the Three Kingdoms compiled by Qing Yan Ke Jun.
Harmony advocates the unity of Confucianism and Taoism, and introduces the old and interprets Confucianism. When commenting on Wang Bi's thoughts, Jin people said, "At the beginning, the ancestors of Lao Zi and Zhuangzi and Wang Bi believed that everything in the world was based on nothingness. If you have nothing, you can get things done well, and you can survive if you don't go anywhere. " (The Book of Jin). Yanhe clearly stated in On Tao: "What you have is what you have, and you live by' nothing'; It is impossible to do things for things. " "Nothing" is the understanding of "Tao" in Laozi and Analects of Confucius. He believes that everything in the world exists, while Tao is invisible, so silence, namelessness, invisibility and silence are all of Tao.
Wang Bi (A.D. 226-249) was a philosopher of Wei Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period. The word auxiliary heir is a man, and Wei (now Jiaozuo City, Henan Province) is a man. He used to be Shang, a teenager, with a literary name. He died at the age of 24. He is good at talking about Confucianism and Taoism and can avoid arguing with words. He is equal to Yanhe and Xia Houxuan in advocating metaphysics and speaking freely, and is known as "the voice of the beginning". It is believed that "nothingness" is the ontology of all things in the universe, and "Tao" is also called "nothingness". Although the world is big, "silence to nothingness is its foundation." He also believes that "everything starts from nothing" and affirms that the famous religion (has) comes from nature (has). He also "helped the old into Confucianism" and replaced the declining Confucian classics with metaphysics. His annotation "Yi" emphasizes philosophy and sweeps away the tedious wind of Confucian classics in Han Dynasty. He is the author of Zhouyi Annotation, Zhouyi Brief Examples, Laozi Annotation and Laozi Annotation.
Xiang embroidery was a philosopher and writer in Wei and Jin Dynasties. One of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest. Words are divided into periods. A native of Huai County, Hanoi (now southwest of Wuzhi, Henan). The year of birth and death is unknown. Zhuangzi's Learning of Xiang Embroidery. At that time, the book Zhuangzi was quite popular, but the old annotation "don't study its purpose", and Xiang embroidery wrote "Zhuangzi Yinjie" to explain Hyunri, which had great influence and promoted the prevalence of metaphysics. However, Xiang embroidery did not finish writing Autumn Water and Happiness. Later, on the basis of Zhuangzi Yinjie, Guo Xiang completed the annotations of Qiushui and Zhile, and then put them into play, which became the annotation of Zhuangzi seen today.
Guo Xiang (AD 252 ~ 3 12), a word, was a philosopher and neo-Taoist in the Western Jin Dynasty. He is one of the great annotators of Zhuangzi. He turned the metaphors and metaphors in Zhuangzi into reasoning and argumentation, and translated the language of Zhuangzi's poems into his own prose language.
Guo Xiang's works, the most important of which has been handed down to this day, are Zhuangzi's Notes. Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi contains two volumes of The Analects of Confucius. Also recorded Guo Xiang's Analects of Confucius 1 volume, died. There are nine notes by Guo Xiang in Huang Kan's Shu Yi Lun in Liang Dynasty, and one lost collection in Han Yu Shan Fang Ji by Ma Guohan in Qing Dynasty. It is of great value to study Guo Xiang's thought to understand his meaning and to be mutually invented with Zhuangzi's Note. There are Guo Xiang's comments on Lao Zi in HUAN's Moral Truth Shu Shu and Li Lin's Virtue Truth Collection in Daozang, and some of Guo Xiang's comments are quoted, but the full text is lost. Sui Shu? Jing Ji Zhi still contains two volumes of Jin Taifu's main book Guo, with five volumes of notes on Liang, recorded as 1 volume, and died. Old Tang book? Yi still records five volumes of Guo, all of which have been lost. In the Book of Jin, Guo Xiang wrote an inscription 12. In Selected Works, Liu's Essay on Distinguishing Destiny mentioned that Guo Xiang wrote the book Destiny. Tang Lishan noted: "Guo wrote Destiny by Yourself, and the words are good or bad." These may all be Guo's content.