The incubation period of plague is short, generally between 1-6 days, mostly 2-3 days, and individual cases can reach 8-9 days. Among them, the incubation period of bubonic plague and epizootic plague is longer, about 2-8 days; The incubation period of primary pneumonic plague and septic plague is short, about 1-3 days.
I. Clinical manifestations of different plague types
1, bubonic plague
Bubonic plague is the most common clinical type. In addition to the general symptoms of plague, the main feature of bubonic plague is the enlargement of lymph nodes in epidemic areas. Lymphadenopathy usually occurs at the same time of onset or within 1-2 days, and can occur in lymph nodes of any affected part, especially groin, armpit and neck.
Its main characteristics are rapid and diffuse enlargement of lymph nodes, different sizes, hard texture, severe pain, adhesion with subcutaneous tissue, loss of mobility and congestion and bleeding of surrounding tissues. Because of the intense pain, the affected side often assumes a forced position.
2, septicemia plague
The main manifestations of septic plague are aversion to cold, high fever, severe headache, delirium, unconsciousness, rapid pulse, arrhythmia, decreased blood pressure, shortness of breath, and extensive bleeding, such as subcutaneous and mucosal bleeding and intracavitary bleeding. If not rescued in time, he often dies within 1-3 days.
3, light plague
Also known as mild fever, patients can work as usual, with local lymph node enlargement, mild tenderness and occasional suppuration. Blood culture can be positive. More common in the early, late epidemic or vaccination.
4. Other rare types
A, skin Yersinia pestis invaded local skin, painful erythema appeared. After a few hours, it developed into blisters and pustules. The surface is covered with black scab, surrounded by dark red infiltration, and the base is hard ulcer, which resembles skin anthrax. Occasionally, a generalized pustule similar to smallpox appears, which is called the scourge.
B, meningoencephalitis type secondary to bubonic plague or other types of plague. When the symptoms and signs of meningoencephalitis appear, cerebrospinal fluid is purulent, and Yersinia pestis can be detected by smear or culture.
Second, the harm of plague
1. In the past, the mortality rate of pneumonic plague was extremely high. In recent years, due to the timely application of antibiotics, the mortality rate has been well controlled, timely detection, timely isolation and on-site treatment. Early, combined and sufficient application of sensitive antibiotics can have a very good therapeutic effect. Streptomycin is the first choice for pneumonic plague, so pay attention to symptomatic treatment.
2. Pneumonic plague is a very harmful infectious disease. Attention should be paid to the prevention of pneumonic plague, including isolating patients and cutting off the route of transmission, that is, strengthening international quarantine and strictly killing rats and fleas. Thirdly, we should pay attention to the protection of susceptible people, including preventive medication and vaccination.
Extended data:
How is the plague spread?
1, the route of plague transmission
There are three main ways for people to be infected with plague. One is contact with animals suffering from plague, such as peeling and cooking. The second kind is bitten by fleas with Yersinia pestis; The third is the spread of pneumonic plague patients.
2, the source of infection of plague
Mainly rodents and other rodents, according to the survey results, the most common in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a large number of marmots, as well as foxes, dogs, cats, lynxes, antelopes, Tibetan sheep and various rodents, which can spread plague to people. The important source of infection of human plague is pneumonic plague patients.
3. Susceptible population
People are generally susceptible to Yersinia pestis. Vaccination reduces susceptibility and has lasting immunity after illness.
Plague spreads through many ways, which is caused by capsule, various toxic antigens, endotoxin and toxic enzymes, hyaluronidase, fibrinolysis and so on.
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