Wang Zengqi, a famous writer, once said proudly when reviewing his growing experience: "Teacher Shen appreciates me very much. I am not only his disciple, but also complacent. " When the great novelist Shen Congwen recommended this student's works to the literary and art circles, he always said, "His novels are better than mine."

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Teacher-student relationship between Wang Zengqi and Shen Congwen

Wang Zengqi, a famous writer, once said proudly when reviewing his growing experience: "Teacher Shen appreciates me very much. I am not only his disciple, but also complacent. " When the great novelist Shen Congwen recommended this student's works to the literary and art circles, he always said, "His novels are better than mine." So, what exactly is the love between teachers and students between these two twin stars who set each other off in China's modern and contemporary literary world?

National The National SouthWest Associated University worships Shen Congwen as a teacher.

In the summer of 1939, Wang Zengqi, who was only 19 years old, bid farewell to his hometown Gaoyou with books such as Selected Novels of Shen Congwen, which he had read many times, trudged all the way to Kunming, and was successfully admitted to the Chinese Department of the National The National SouthWest Associated University. As for the reason, he later said more than once: "I seem to be destined to be a student of Mr. Shen Congwen ... I went to Kunming to take an examination of the university and applied to the China Literature Department of the National Southwest Associated University, because there are Mr. Wen Yiduo, Mr. Zhu Ziqing and Mr. Shen Congwen in the Chinese Department of this university."

In fact, from the day when Wang Zengqi deeply loved Shen Congwen's novels, he buried a Shen Congwen complex in his heart. As soon as he entered the school, he was eager to meet the writer and teacher. When I first met Mr. Shen on campus, he seemed familiar, but he couldn't remember where he had met him. When others told him that this was the famous novelist Shen Congwen, he suddenly realized. How much he wanted to go up and bowed respectfully to say hello. After a little hesitation because of shyness, Shen Congwen has passed. Later, he saw Mr. Shen coming face to face many times on campus. He always stood humbly with his classmates and let the teacher go first. He smiled and nodded. It was not until his sophomore year that Wang Zengqi was able to meet his teacher formally, because he took three courses offered by Shen Congwen, namely Essays, Creative Practice and History of China's Novels.

Listening to Shen Congwen's lecture for the first time, Wang Zengqi was extremely excited. Looking at the teacher who just stepped into the classroom so closely, he felt that he was really different from Shen Congwen's imagination: his thin body was covered with a semi-new blue cloth gown, with fine eyes and a slightly pale face, but his eyes were bright and radiant. After a few minutes of tense silence, Shen Congwen finally spoke with a strong Xiangxi accent in the laughter of his classmates. Besides, he doesn't use gestures when giving lectures, has no Byaku Shiki accent and has a deep voice. Therefore, many students are not so enthusiastic about Shen Congwen's class, but Wang Zengqi is more and more interested in listening to it, and tells his classmates deeply: "Listening to Teacher Shen's class is like listening to Confucius' lecture, just like' taking a corner and turning it around with three corners'".

Shen Congwen teaches creative class mainly to let students "write freely". He encourages students to write whatever they want. Even if there are two topics in class sometimes, they are very specific, such as "What's in our small yard" and "Remember the air in a room", which is intended to make students learn auto parts first, and then learn assembly, just like young workers who have just entered the factory. For the students' works, he not only carefully commented and wrote a review, but also introduced some famous Chinese and foreign works similar to this composition for students to read, so that they could find the gaps in comparison and improve them. These creative methods taught by Shen Congwen have benefited Wang Zengqi for life.

Wang Zengqi wrote a short story exercise called Under the Light. After reading it, Shen Congwen was delighted to find that Wang Yu was able to grasp the distinctive details and spread Luo Zhi into an almost identical picture with life itself. He went to the library to find several works similar to Under the Lamp, including his own Rot, for Wang Zengqi to read and ponder carefully. Under the careful guidance of the teacher and repeated revisions by Wang Zengqi, The Book under the Lamp was changed to Different Ice, which was recommended by Shen Congwen and published in the March issue of 1948, Volume 2 of Literature magazine. Another novel by Wang Zengqi, The Bell in Primary School, was published in Renaissance magazine sponsored by Zheng Zhenduo and Li Jianwu, and Shen personally helped to send it to Shanghai. Because Shen Congwen appreciates Wang Zengqi's literary talent very much, he once showed his second-grade homework to the fourth-grade students and scored 120 on one of his classroom exercises. These are undoubtedly great encouragement for Wang Zengqi, who has just set foot on the road of literature.

There used to be a mantra in Shen Congwen's creative class-"Write with people". Some students either don't care or don't understand deeply, but Wang Zengqi is like a thunder. On this day, Mr. Shen wants him to talk to his classmates about his understanding of this sentence. Wang Kan Kan said, "I think this is the essence of the novel. As far as I know, Mr. Shen's extremely short sentence contains several meanings: in the novel, the characters are the main and dominant; The rest are derivative and secondary. Environmental description, the author's subjective lyricism and discussion can only be attached to the characters, but not separated from them. The author should share the sadness with the characters. The author's heart should always be close to the characters. Whenever the author's heart' sticks' to the characters, his pen will float, pan, float and slide, flashy, mystifying and losing sincerity. And the author's narrative language should be coordinated with the characters. When writing about farmers, narrative language should be close to farmers, and when writing about citizens, narrative language should be close to citizens. Novels should avoid' student cavity'. " Such a thorough understanding not only fascinated the students, but also delighted Shen Congwen.

Shen Congwen not only gives a serious speech in class, but also gives enthusiastic guidance to students after class. He also set a good example for students with his diligent creative spirit and rigorous creative attitude. At one time, he published several novels every month and several books every year, and was known as a "prolific writer". Because he often writes day and night, he works too hard and gets into the habit of nosebleeds. Wang Zengqi has seen the manuscript of Mr. Shen with nosebleeds many times, and his heart has been greatly shocked, so that he can understand that creation requires not only talent, but also the perseverance and perseverance of the teacher.

In the later period of studying at National Southwest Associated University, Wang Zengqi and Shen Congwen were still relatively close, feeling like father and son. One day, Wang Zengqi, who had a toothache, went to see his teacher. Shen Congwen, who came to open the door, saw that Wang's cheeks were swollen, so he silently went out to buy some oranges and brought them back. He watched the king eat two, stuffed the rest into his arms and told him to eat more clean fire.

With the help of my teacher, I finally achieved something.

1943, Wang Zengqi dropped out of The National SouthWest Associated University because he failed the exam twice. Since then, he first worked as a teacher in a private school named China Jianshe Middle School in the suburbs of Kunming for two years, and had the opportunity to observe society and life at close range; Later, he resolutely left Yunnan and moved to Shanghai. He wanted to find a job through acquaintances or friends, but he even met obstacles. He has almost spent what little money he has, and is about to fall into the street, so that he is extremely depressed and even thinks of suicide. When he wrote to Shen Congwen about what happened here, the teacher quickly wrote back and scolded him, saying, "It's no use crying like this or even thinking about suicide for the sake of temporary difficulties!" You have a pen in your hand, what are you afraid of! "The letter also cited an example of Shen Congwen starting a business alone in Beijing, which made Wang Zengqi both moved and ashamed. Shen Congwen also wrote to Li Jianwu in Shanghai, asking him to take care of Wang more, and asking his wife to write a long letter from Suzhou to comfort Wang Zengqi.

Previously, from Shen Congwen's many recommendations, Li Jianwu had known Wang Zengqi and appreciated his talent. Now Wang Zengqi comes to the door, warmly encourages him, and recommends Wang to teach in a private Zhiyuan middle school, so that Wang has spent a relatively stable life here for more than a year, and has the honor to meet the famous writer Ba Jin.

Because Shen Congwen was besieged by literary and art circles three times in 1942, 1947 and 1948 respectively, he was even accused of being "consciously active as a reactionary", which made him fall into a serious mental crisis before and after the founding of New China, and reluctantly gave up his literary creation and turned to engage in archaeological research of cultural relics. Wang Zengqi really felt sorry for the teacher's retirement. He is worried about whether the teacher can make achievements in the study of cultural relics. But a few years later, when he read Shen Congwen's insightful and literary articles on cultural relics archaeology, he was relieved. Many years later, in a congratulatory letter written to celebrate Shen Congwen's eightieth birthday, Wang Zengqi also sincerely praised him: "I am tired of playing with things and writing lyrical books."

In the anti-rightist movement, Wang Zengqi, then editor-in-chief of Folk Literature of China Folk Literature Research Association, was convicted of writing. /kloc-in the summer of 0/958, he was labeled as a "Rightist", dismissed from his post, and his salary was reduced by three levels, and he was sent to Zhangjiakou Shalingzi Agricultural Science Research Institute for labor reform. Here, he not only builds pigsty, digs frozen dung and carries sacks with agricultural workers, but also enthusiastically participates in and guides the mass cultural and recreational activities of the Institute. When he is lonely and depressed, he writes to his family, his teacher Shen Congwen and his old friends. He got great spiritual comfort from those letters full of affection and friendship.

At the end of 1960, Wang Zengqi was labeled as "Rightist" and declared the end of labor reform. Because the original unit did not accept it, he temporarily stayed in the Agricultural College to assist in the work. At that time, Shen Congwen, who was suffering from high blood pressure and living in Fuwai Hospital for treatment, was overjoyed when he learned of the incident from the letter and immediately wrote back to Wang Zengqi. Because he couldn't wait for his family to find stationery for him, he tore a few pieces of paper from his exercise book and wrote it in a hurry. He didn't listen to his wife's dissuasion at all, and he was not afraid of his blood pressure rising because of excitement. He wrote a reply of nearly 6000 words on 12 pages in one breath.

In the letter, Shen Congwen sincerely felt happy for the harvest of Wang Zengqi's decentralization of labor; As for the anguish revealed in the letter because he couldn't return to Beijing for a while, he gave sincere comfort and encouragement: "I should imagine my happy mood when I received your letter of 65438+ 15." I can stay healthy and bear 100 kilograms of potatoes. The news is good! The age is big, and the individual is as small as floating. You should live a good life and get used to all kinds of different lives, just like a modern person! The maturity of a person's life depends on different storms ... you should always keep the desire and confidence to use a pen! Make good use of your useful life to prolong your life and expand your life ... under no circumstances should you lose confidence in your work. You know how to write with a pen. You not only have this talent, but also this understanding. On many issues, understanding is sometimes more important than talent! "

Shortly after Shen Congwen came home from the hospital, he also rewrote this credit brush on bamboo paper and sent it to Wang Zengqi who was far away in Shalingzi. From the teacher's inculcation, Wang Zengqi gained great courage to face real life and overcome difficulties and hardships. After long-term unremitting efforts, in the first half of 1980s, Wang Zengqi finally became famous at home and abroad for his short stories, such as Rings and Notes of Taking a Big Fight, thus establishing his position as a famous novelist in contemporary China literature.

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The Origin of Wang Zengqi and Shen Congwen

-From & gt； And> on the artistic features of The Agreement between Two Men.

reprint

In the history of modern literature in China, Shen Congwen and Wang Zengqi are two important writers and a pair of teachers and students with deep feelings. Wang Zengqi is a great disciple of Shen Congwen, and the last descendant of the "Beijing School" literature represented by Fei Ming, Shen Congwen, Ling Shuhua and Xiao Gan. Shen Congwen is the greatest writer of Beijing School literature. No matter from the teacher-student relationship, or from the inheritance and development of literary style and genre, Wang Zengqi has become the only candidate for the inheritance and development of Shen Congwen.

Wang Zengqi wrote many essays about Shen Congwen, such as Shen Congwen and His Border Town and Rereading Shen Congwen. Wang Zengqi fled the war with his grandfather and father, from his hometown Gaoyou, via Hong Kong, to Vietnam and then to Kunming. He finally entered the China Literature Department of National Southwest Associated University with Selected Novels of Shen Congwen. After reading Border Town, he has more respect for Shen Congwen and has always been very respectful to him as an apprentice. Many years later, Wang Zengqi's "Taking the Ring" declared his inheritance to the teacher and his identity as the last literary successor of the "Beijing School". Therefore, we can see the origin of Shen Congwen and Wang Zengqi from the comparison between Border Town and Being Commanded.

Inheriting the expression of beauty. Border Town is Shen Congwen's most famous work, which represents his important style of Feng Xue. The description of beauty in this article is like a lyric poem. The description of the beauty of human nature lies in its kindness, purity and simplicity, super-utilitarianism without being contaminated with any secular spirit. In the process of communication between people, there is always a good desire to communicate. The old boatman and Cui Cui lived together, pulling boats for a living, but they didn't accept the money from the boatman, so they lived freely, and their hearts were free from any fetters. Even after the old boatman died, the villagers still helped, and Yang took care of him like a father.

Wang Zengqi also said, "I wrote about beautiful and healthy humanity. Beauty and humanity are needed at all times. " The protagonist of the "ordained" is the young monk in the temple. The secular life of monks and their descriptions of killing pigs, eating meat, playing cards and playing mahjong beyond the "entrance guard" broke the barrier between people and religion, showed the most authentic freedom of human nature, and had a kind of beauty of returning to nature.

The beauty of people lies in the beauty of human feelings, and the beauty of human feelings lies in the beauty of love, affection and nostalgia. The love with Nuo in Border Town, the girl's love is fresh, pure and green. And "Being ordained" describes the love story of a young monk and a village girl in a lyrical style. "Between the lines, I only felt the beauty of scenery, family and literature, just like a clean stream overflowing my heart. Another example is the aging of the years, with endless aftertaste. " In Border Town, the feelings between Cui Cui and the old boatman and the old boatman's father and daughter are fully revealed in Moonlight on the high cliff outside the door. "Cui Cui is sitting on his knees beside his grandfather in the moonlight." Listening to his grandfather sometimes tells his mother's cleverness, and sometimes sighs, "But she can't move that thing." Both Tianbao and Nuosong love Cui Cui, but the affection between brothers goes beyond love. After Tianbao's death, Nuosong couldn't face Cui Cui, and his brotherly feelings weighed heavily on him, causing faint sadness. Ming Hai, a young monk in The Dowager, was able to become a monk in Botuo Temple because of his uncle, which is also a way out. Xiaoying takes care of her sister to catch up with the dowry. Xiaoying covers all the bits and pieces of foreign life. The most profound thing is homesickness. When busy with heavy work, "several families take care of one family, take turns, don't get paid, and eat well." If there are "brides, dowry, magnetic pots and tin pots", Aunt Zhao "will cut out auspicious patterns with plum blossom paper and stick them on them", and even "people in twenty or thirty miles will invite her". After the death of the old boatman in the border town, all the helpers came and the family went in and out. The boat always comes smoothly, bringing a bag of rice, a jar of wine and a leg of pork. Yang sang an elegy for everyone.

Another beauty that cannot be ignored is the beauty of scenery. Pure streams, green bamboo forests, "thin pink clouds" floating on the white tower behind the house, gentle, beautiful and calm dusk, to "moonlight is like silver, everywhere" and the natural and pure beauty of Border Town is like a round pearl jade. What Wang Zengqi presents to readers is also a meaningful, pure and quiet realm, which is not affected by any influence. At the end of the article, Jingmei wrote to the extreme, "Reed flowers only spit new ears. Purple-gray reeds are silvery, soft and slippery, like a string of silk threads. There are sticks in some places, which are red, like small candles. Green duckweed, purple duckweed. Long-legged mosquito, water spider. Wild water chestnut has four small white flowers. Startled up a green pile (a kind of waterfowl), wiping the reed ear and flying away ... "

Wang Shen and Shuidu have an indissoluble bond. Their novels are bred by water, and water breeds their beautiful water town novels. Border Town is a small town named Tea Cave in the border of western Hunan written by Shen Congwen, which is set in his hometown of fenghuang town. The story is set in Shuicheng. "There is a small white tower by the stream, and a family lives under it." Two grandparents live in a house by the stream. Wang Zengqi is similar to Shen Congwen, and The Firing is set in Gaoyou, Wang Zengqi's hometown. His hometown is a water town, and he grew up by the water. "elwood is just water." There is a river in front of the temple, and Minghai arrives by boat. Therefore, the fate of their mentoring is "water", and their hometown novels are called "water novels". Their novels are all like water, and "water" constitutes the same background color of their water novels.

"Water has influenced my character and the style of my works," Wang Zengqi once said. The language of their novels is as free as running water, with a flowing beauty, full of randomness and looseness of water. It shows the plainness and poetry of the language, adopts the method of sketching, has no very intense plot setting, and is as quiet and natural as a stream. The language of Border Town is fresh and natural. "Even if the still water is too deep to fall to the end, it is still clear and transparent, and there are countless fish in the middle of the river." This loose language style makes the stories of Cui Cui's mother and prostitutes naturally interweave, forming a unified whole, and the articles are soft and coherent. The language in The Commandment is concise, clean, restrained and elastic, and the casual description of the scenery is natural and easy-going, and the surface is chaotic and complicated, but there are internal relations, which constitutes the overall picture of the water town. For example, in the description of Bobo Temple, "After passing through the main hall, there is a big yard with two ginkgo trees. There are three wings on each side of the patio. Walking through the patio, there is the Hall of Great Heroes, which enshrines Buddha III. Even in a box, the Buddha statue is only four feet high. To the east of the hall is the abbot and to the west is the warehouse. There is a small hexagonal gate on the east side of the hall, with one hundred green characters engraved with a couplet ... "

From the perspective of material selection, Wang Shen and Wang Shen both wrote about the common things of ordinary people by the water, with water as the link to form the full text. In Border Town, an old boatman pulls a boat for a living, a sailor and a prostitute fall in love, Cui Cui's mother drinks cold water for nothing, and Tianbao drowns. Their fate is related to water. Minghai and Xiaoying first met in Cixi because they crossed the river by boat. They often take Xiaoying's boat to "buy incense sticks and oil and salt for buddhist nun." Xiaoying sent Minghai to "be ordained" and then brought Minghai back to buddhist nun after "breaking the precepts". Finally, at the stern, Xiaoying expressed her love for Minghai. Their love is closely related to the boat, how can it have nothing to do with water? Shen Congwen described the real life of ordinary people by the water with warm and loving style, and Wang Zengqi also described the simplicity and kindness of villagers in the water with warm and moist style.

Third, describe the same strong local customs.

Wang Zengqi's description of the local conditions and customs in "Being ordained" is meticulous, and his description of the local conditions and customs of his hometown in northern Jiangsu is handy, which is of course closely related to his learning from Shen Congwen. "Border Town" describes the customs of a border town in western Hunan, and expresses love by singing love songs. Tianbao and Nuo sent to sing at night, and the songs were beautiful and soft. At that time, Yang also "led the horse to the mother of Bixi Group to sing love songs". Cui Cui happily listened to grandpa's singing, and she also "hummed the wizard's song of welcoming God in December-you are a big fairy, you are a great god, open your eyes and look at our people here ..." But the singing in "Being ordained" continued all the time, and Ming Hai's third master Rendu would wear a "flower flame mouth", but he was also ungrateful to the villagers and sang folk songs.

In addition, the "Buddhist scriptures ring" has been integrated into various local customs and works. At the beginning, he wrote, "His hometown is not called becoming a monk, but becoming a monk. The monk was born in his hometown, just like hunting in some places, making mats in some places, and in some places ... "This shows that a place has a job, which is an established custom. Monks go out every day, sweeping the floor, burning incense, kowtowing and chanting, which is a Buddhist custom. The description of "Huahuokou", the custom that "girls of fifteen or sixteen will comb their hair", and the famous paper-cutting custom.

In the article, customs appear as the background, which not only attracts people's feelings about local customs, but also paves the way for the overall aesthetic feeling of the article, and sometimes affects the characterization and promotes the development of the plot. In "Border Town", Tianbao couldn't walk by car, but rode a horse, but only promised to ride a horse. The wonderful singing made Cui Cui pluck Saxifraga in her dream, which directly promoted the development of their love. Xiaoying's concern for Minghai after being ordained in Ming Hai highlighted their ambiguous love, and the Buddhist ordained ceremony promoted their love.

Aesthetic pursuit of friendship between wang and shen.

As the most representative writer of "Beijing School" literature, Shen Congwen highly pursues the idea of respecting classical literature advocated by "Beijing School", absorbs the excellent parts of China traditional literature, advocates a quiet, peaceful and meaningful aesthetic view, and pursues the health and purity of art. Border Town is a work that fully embodies his aesthetic interest. The author softens the story, showing the beauty of China's classical neutralization, gentleness and gentleness. Influenced by it, Wang Zengqi inherited and developed the aesthetic view of "Beijing School", and his aesthetic pursuit tended to be harmonious.

In Border Town, Shen Congwen downplayed the novel. Cui Cui's inner conflict is light, and he only cares about sending it away, not very intense and complicated. The elements of tragedy have been diluted. Cui Cui's mother's love tragedy was only mentioned in her grandfather's mouth, which diluted the heroism of the tragedy and softened it. Both Tianbao and Nuosong like Cui Cui, but they help each other and take turns singing Cui Cui 4 in the evening. Deep brotherhood transcends love and hinders it. On the surface, it shows a deep brotherhood, but in fact it has caused a touch of sadness to love. The description of girls' love, originally shy and vague, with a touch of emotion, melted into a touch of tragic story, reflecting the softness of the whole article. The background of all the tragic events in history did not affect the softness of the article, but left a touch of pain and a permanent trace. Beauty and sadness blend, light sorrow is quiet and beautiful, and neutral beauty is vivid.

In Wang Zengqi's description of the unity of heaven and man in The Dowager, Xiaoying's family and Shang are both self-reliant and Uncle Zhao is "all in one", so the monks in the temple also carry water to feed pigs, rent land and collect rent, borrow money and collect debts, and live in harmony with nature. Man and nature are harmonious, and some people get along purely, simply and harmoniously. The love between the young monk and the village girl is also the harmony between religion and secularism. The experienced abbot also hid a 19-year-old little wife in the embroidery room. "This monastery has no rules, and no one even mentioned these two words." In such a harmonious and gentle environment, the birth of the relationship between Xiaoying and Minghai is also reasonable.

Wang Zengqi seems to be more literate than Shen Congwen. Shen Congwen's sadness turned into optimism in Wang Zengqi's place, which lost its profundity and sharpness, highlighted harmony, and the article appeared peaceful and beautiful. As Wang Zengqi himself said: "What I pursue is not profundity, but harmony." There is no fierce conflict in the full text. Religion and secularism exist, and people accuse monks of breaking the precepts. The second master, Renhai's family, went to buddhist nun for several months "between summer and autumn every year", "because it is cool in buddhist nun", "Renshan and Renhai called her sister-in-law, and Minghai called her Jenny." Buddhist nun is called "Master" instead of "abbot" or "presiding". He collects rent and lends money, but also burns incense, kowtows, recites "Amitabha in the South", knocks and recites scriptures. Monks are monks, married and living like ordinary people. Such a life that combines religion, history, ethics and love is very harmonious. In an eclectic and harmonious atmosphere, people like pure love without delving into its ethical mistakes. The innocence and freedom of human nature are shocking.

As an important branch of China's local novels, "Beijing School" is different from "Shanghai School". "Lu Xun believes that local literature can be said to be realistic literature, and Shen Congwen's works are more romantic. The local literature in Lu Xun's mind is Fu's Three Officials and Three Farewells, and Shen Congwen wrote Tao Yuanming. " Some people even think that Border Town is a modern version of Peach Blossom Spring. "Shen Congwen's lyric novels make a sad sound for the pursuit of love, beauty and freedom. Out of piety for "humanity" and praise for local culture, they "rebuild people's hearts by promoting China culture". The social schema and national spirit imagined by "Even if" Beijing School is not an understated utopia. Taking aesthetics as the aesthetic orientation, it is undeniable that Shen Congwen, the "Beijing School", has brought great influence to China literature. In the history of China literature, it occupies a very important position, is an important branch of China's traditional cultural novels, and has high aesthetic value and literary history significance.

Wang Zengqi inherited Shen Congwen's novel style, which was constantly interrupted and forgotten, and the tradition of prose novels was continued. Being ordained is full of Shen Congwen's poetry, hard work and the creation of emotional atmosphere. It continues to show love, beauty and freedom, the beauty of human nature, the goodness of human nature and the liberation of human nature, and shows the universal aesthetic feeling of Border Town. The literature of "Beijing School" has been well inherited and developed.

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