(1) The protein intake of maintenance hemodialysis patients is1.2 ~1.4g/(kg d), of which more than 50% are from protein, where the raw materials are expensive, and the available foods are eggs, lean meat, fish and milk. And foods with high content of non-essential amino acids such as dried beans, bean products and hard fruits are not suitable.
(2) The energy consumption of maintenance hemodialysis patients is similar to that of normal people, about 35 kcal/(kg d); People over 60 years old, 30 kcal/(kg d), the total fat in daily diet should be 50 ~ 60g, including 20 ~ 30ml of vegetable oil.
Limit the intake of liquid
Weight change of maintenance hemodialysis patients is a good indicator of fluid balance. The increase or decrease of body fluids can be directly reflected by measuring body weight. It is advisable to gain 0.5kg body weight every day between dialysis. Water intake includes all the water contained in drinking water and solid food and medicine. If there are any extra losses, they should be made up accordingly. Total daily drinking water = urine volume of the previous day +500ml. The ultrafiltration volume of dialysis can also be supplemented on the day of dialysis.
3. Limit potassium intake
(1) Hemodialysis patients generally don't need to supplement medicinal potassium, so they should limit high-potassium food and take 2 ~ 3g daily. For patients with less urine and high blood potassium, the intake of potassium should be strictly restricted. In case of potassium loss such as vomiting and diarrhea, the amount of potassium supplement should be determined after checking the serum potassium level.
(2) Foods with high potassium content include mushrooms, laver, tremella, lotus seeds, longan, day lily, dried red dates, Chinese cabbage, pickled mustard tuber and bananas.
4. Limit the intake of sodium salt
When the urine volume is normal, there is no need to limit the intake of sodium salt; When urine volume decreases, the intake of sodium salt should be limited, generally less than 5g/d, and patients with anuria should be controlled at1~ 2 g/d.
5. Limit phosphorus intake
The intake of (1) phosphorus should be controlled at 600 ~ 1200mg. Almost all foods contain phosphorus, so foods with high phosphorus content should be avoided.
(2) Foods with high phosphorus content include: egg yolk, animal offal, whole wheat bread, dried bean curd, hard-core fruit, milk powder, cheese and chocolate.
6. Calcium intake
The calcium requirement of uremia patients is1000 ~ 2000 mg/d. Generally, calcium carbonate and active VitD with high calcium content can promote the absorption and utilization of calcium, but their use is complicated and needs to be carried out under the guidance of a doctor.
7. Appropriate vitamin supplementation
The loss of water-soluble vitamins during dialysis is serious, so B vitamins must be supplemented, and VitB 1, VitB2, VitC and folic acid can also be taken orally.
Foods that dialysis patients should use with caution and avoid.
1. Edible: eggs, milk, lean meat, cereals, vegetables and fruits. It is necessary to master the appropriate amount according to the condition.
2. Be careful to eat: salt, juice, dried fruits (raisins, dried apricots, etc. ), nuts (peanuts, hazelnuts, etc. ) and dried vegetables (dried bamboo shoots, pickles, etc. ).
3. Do not eat food: protein food such as dried beans and bean products, animal fat and pungent food such as pepper, mustard and pepper.