Among all in vitro cell cultures, animal cell cultures are the most difficult. The following are the special conditions it needs.

(1) Serum: Serum is often needed for in vitro culture of animal cells. The most commonly used is calf serum. Serum provides essential growth factors, such as hormones, trace elements, minerals and fats. One day people really learned to prepare the same culture medium as serum, and then serum can replace it. Here, serum is equal to the natural nutrient solution of animal cells cultured in vitro.

(2) Support: Most animal cells have the habit of adhering to the wall. Glass and high-speed frozen centrifugal plastic are commonly used as supports in vitro culture.

(3) Gas exchange: In the process of cell culture, the ratio of carbon dioxide and oxygen should be constantly adjusted to maintain the required gas conditions. It is conceivable how difficult it is to recover quickly after each unpacking operation, which determines that the equipment requirements for animal cell culture in vitro are high and the investment is large.

Special conditions of plant cell culture

(1) illumination: The light conditions of plant cells cultured in vitro are not strict, because the substances needed for cell growth are mainly supplied by the culture medium. However, light is not only related to photosynthesis, but also related to cell differentiation. For example, photoperiod can regulate sexual cell differentiation and flowering, so light conditions are particularly important in the early plant cell culture process aimed at obtaining plants. In the process of obtaining important substances such as drugs by in vitro plant cell culture, most plant cells.

(2) Hormones: The division and growth of plant cells need the regulation of plant hormones, and auxin and mitogen are the most basic hormones. The division, growth, differentiation and individual growth cycle of plant cells are all regulated by corresponding hormones. Compared with animal cells, the principle of hormone demand of plant cells in vitro culture has been understood, and its application technology has been quite mature, and a set of culture medium has been widely used as a commodity. At the same time, it solves the problem of poor nutrition and water supply of plant cells.