In contemporary society, are people closer or more lonely? Abstract: There are many problems in modern society, but in the end they can be summed up in three relationships: man and nature, man and man, and man and heart. Starting from the above three dimensions, this paper discusses some of these problems: people are increasingly alienated from nature, people are increasingly separated, and people's hearts are increasingly lonely.
Keywords: modern society; People; Nature; heart
Even if we abandon the theory of evolution, we can't deny that human society has generally experienced the following forms: a simple society of hunting and gathering, a complex and civilized agricultural society and a modern society of industrialization and urbanization. No matter how complicated human society becomes, the most basic needs of human life are unchanged, and only the realization forms of these needs are changed. To put it simply, if intelligent human beings want to survive on the earth, they must deal with the following three relationships: man and nature, man and man, and man and his own heart. Modern society has gained great material wealth and unprecedented convenience by means of increasingly developed science and technology, but these achievements do not mean that they have handled the above three basic relations well. This paper intends to discuss the problems existing in modern people's life from these three dimensions.
I. Man and nature
The natural environment is the foundation of human survival and development. In a simple society, human beings get food directly from nature through hunting or gathering; In the agricultural society, human beings began to obtain the survival needs by changing the natural features, such as picturesque terraces and long water conservancy; However, in modern society, human beings grab what they need from nature in an unprecedented and efficient way, such as the high gorge coming out of Pinghu and the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, and the face of the earth has undergone tremendous changes.
White, the founder of the new evolutionism school, believes that the development of a culture is related to the efficiency and total amount of energy that the culture obtains from nature, which can be used to divide the development stages of culture. However, no matter how complicated a culture develops and how advanced the means of transforming energy and resources from nature are, it is inseparable from the close relationship with the environment. In fact, as more and more energy is drawn from nature, this relationship will become closer. Here, the process that White emphasized that culture obtains energy from nature is only one aspect of the relationship between culture and natural environment, so the viewpoint of new evolution was quickly criticized and developed by latecomers. For example, Steward particularly emphasized the importance of the adaptive relationship between culture and environment, which gave birth to cultural ecology. Cultural ecology mainly discusses the interactive relationship among environment, technology and human behavior, and analyzes the adaptation and change process of a specific society under specific environmental conditions with the method of social science [1](P 135). Cultural ecology is just one of many theories of ecological anthropology, and others include environmental determinism, cultural determinism and possibility theory. Both of them regard natural environment and culture as two important aspects of analysis. Whether emphasizing the role of culture or highlighting the power of nature, the close relationship between cultural development and natural environment is the same basis of argument. If we discuss the life of modern people, the relationship between man and nature should be the most basic angle. The close relationship between environment and culture will eventually be manifested in the interaction between human behavior and psychology and the natural environment. The emergence of natural therapy in recent years fully shows that human beings are inseparable from the natural environment. Physical therapy is a generalized theory of medical treatment, health care and health preservation. It completely abandons chemical synthetic drugs, and makes full use of various factors, substances and information in the natural environment to prevent and treat diseases, such as forests, sunlight, sediment, air, water, plants and fruits (including Chinese herbal medicines) for oral use, external use (such as dressing, ironing and smoking bath), magnetism, wax and heat energy, so as to stimulate the human body's disease resistance. [2] On the one hand, natural therapy directly acts on the focus by using various physical and chemical properties of natural substances, thus achieving the purpose of relieving and eliminating diseases; On the other hand, natural therapy can make natural substances and people's psychological structure reach a certain agreement, and then transform natural vitality into realistic psychological energy, thus stimulating people's potential and restoring people's vitality, which is also the most important feature of natural therapy. Obviously, as a product of mother nature, and as a part of mother nature, only by approaching her and hugging her can we really get physical and mental health.
However, in modern society, although human beings are increasingly demanding and dependent on nature, people's daily life is increasingly alienated from the natural environment, especially in the metropolis. Urban people live in a reinforced concrete world, surrounded by man-made products, and noisy electronic products make people nervous every day. The scene in front of them is either a tall building that covers the sky or a rigid street full of noisy vehicles. Beautiful and peaceful natural scenery can only be presented in front of us with the help of electronic pictures similar to virtual forms, and people can only satisfy their psychological thirst for nature in the diffuse electromagnetic radiation.
In addition, people's alienation of the natural environment in modern society can also be manifested in thoughts or emotions. Take poetry as an example. Most of China's ancient poems begin with natural scenery, and then they have a sense of * * *, and even don't mention personnel in the following. The whole article describes the scenery and expresses feelings as much as possible, and even goes beyond the refined feelings and enters the Zen realm of "having the true meaning in it, trying to distinguish and forgetting to say". Contemporary new poetry is more a straightforward complaint or bitter thought about people who lack aesthetic feeling, but it has to be taken off as it sinks deeper and deeper, which is obviously not as good as the wisdom of the ancients to transcend the secular and integrate into nature.
However, being close to nature is the innate nature of human beings, and people living in cities are eager to get close contact with nature through travel and get short-term physical and mental relaxation in the embrace of nature. However, luxury and short-term travel cannot satisfy people's desire for nature. Is there any way for urban residents to enjoy the relaxation and comfort of the natural environment while working hard? In the tide of urbanization, it is obviously impossible for people to return to gardens like Tao Yuanming. It is feasible to strengthen urban greening construction.
Strengthen urban greening construction, the most important of which is to increase the area of trees. Compared with grasslands, forests can purify the air, produce oxygen and produce negative ions. The concentration of negative ions in the air is one of the signs of air quality. According to the World Health Organization, the standard concentration of negative ions in fresh air should not be lower than 1000- 1500 per cubic centimeter of air. The concentration of negative ions in the air not only indicates the air quality, but also the atmospheric environment with high concentration of negative ions has certain medical and health care effects on human health. Therefore, some experts believe that "the core of greening is a variety of trees and a variety of big trees. Flowers and plants are beautiful, but it is difficult to produce a lot of negative ions, so it is better to plant trees in health care. Therefore, if big cities want to fully meet the standards, they must have a lot of greening, mainly planting trees "[3]. Planting trees requires land, and places with less land and even places with high-rise buildings can be afforested. For example, vines can cover a larger area with less land. If every floor of a high-rise building can leave a place outside the window or balcony to fill the soil and plant vines such as Parthenocissus tricuspidata, then the whole building can be almost surrounded by green, and it is not impossible to realize cities such as green forests. To achieve this goal, we need not only the design support of professionals, but also the efforts of ordinary residents to bring back the fresh natural atmosphere.
Second, people.
Coordinating the relationship between man and the natural environment is the fundamental requirement of human naturalness, while dealing with the relationship between good people is the fundamental requirement of human sociality. In the process of the transformation from a traditional agricultural society to a modern industrial society, great changes have taken place in social structure, social organization and organizational culture, and the traditional interpersonal relationship and communication mode are also different from the past. Individuals in traditional society belong to families or villages, while individuals in modern society, especially in cities, mainly belong to social groups such as companies and units. Many sociological terms, such as community and society, gemeinschaft and legal society, mechanical unity and organic solidarity, identity society and contract society, acquaintance society and stranger society, have been used to express this change from different aspects. Here, we will discuss some problems brought about by the change of interpersonal relationship in modern society from two aspects: the separation between family members and the loneliness in stranger society.
First, the separation between family members. Love hurts and leaves since ancient times. How many bitter parting poems did the ancients write? However, the differences between ancient people were far less frequent than today. Let's take urban families as an example. In the fast-paced city life, every family member is busy with work and study, leaving early and returning late. After a hard day's work, he hasn't had time to fully exchange thoughts and feelings. He should take a rest and prepare for the next day's intense work. On the surface, everyone lives together, but in fact, family members spend very little time together, and most of the time is occupied by sleep. Therefore, the understanding between family members, including husband and wife, parents and children, is sometimes insufficient, which is objectively one of the reasons for family conflicts, adolescent problems and rising divorce rate. Taking rural families in China as an example, the degree of separation between rural family members is greater, which leads to more problems. In the market-oriented modern society, rural laborers are often forced to leave their homes and go to cities to make a living if they want to realize their own value. The huge tide of migrant workers has made many rural areas almost empty shells, and rural families are often only waiting for the elderly and children, so the problems of rural old-age care and left-behind children have emerged.
Generally speaking, the basic norms and skills of our communication with people are first acquired in the family, and the far-reaching cultural personality theory even thinks that the family (childhood) parenting style affects the nation or nationality. Undoubtedly, as the main group of individuals, the family bears a very important educational function. Compared with the traditional society, the functions of the contemporary family are divided. Some social organizations (such as kindergartens and schools) undertake some functions of the family, but some aspects are irreplaceable, such as traditional ethical norms and emotional communication among family members. In today's society, the frequent separation of family members not only affects people's emotional life, but also causes many social problems, which cannot but attract our attention.
Secondly, loneliness in the stranger society. What is a stranger society? Friedman, an American jurist, once described the "stranger society" as follows: "We walk in the street and strangers protect us, such as the police; Or strangers threaten us, such as criminals. Strangers put out our fires, strangers educate our children, build our houses and invest with our money. Strangers tell us the world news through radio, TV or newspapers ... If we go to the hospital sick, strangers will cut our bodies, clean us, care for us, kill us or cure us. If we die, strangers will bury us ... "[①] Stranger society is essentially the expression of contract society or rule of law society at the level of people's communication. Compared with the so-called "acquaintance society", it can avoid some unfair phenomena caused by "human feelings", "face" and "relationships" to a certain extent, but it objectively creates a tool for people to communicate with each other. In the city, if everyone wants to live a normal life, they have to deal with many people, but most of these contacts have nothing to do with feelings, but for a very clear utilitarian purpose. It is polite to be superficial in interpersonal communication. Children are warned not to talk to strangers, and a person's excessive enthusiasm will make people suspect ulterior motives. Indeed, due to the temporary and instrumental communication between people in modern society, deception and crime are rampant. Because of this, although people are familiar with many people because of the needs of work, they rarely become friends and have deep emotional exchanges.
According to a survey jointly conducted by the Social Investigation Center of China Youth Daily and Tencent News Center, among the respondents of 15068, 87. 5% have more acquaintances and fewer friends. 45.3% of the respondents admitted that among their many acquaintances, less than five can really be called friends. Besides, 34. 3% people said that they only had a few friends from 6 to 10. In other words, less than 80% of the respondents think that they can be regarded as friends 10. [4] Therefore, people often have no way to complain, but they can't find the right number through the thick phone book, so many people turn to the Internet to get psychological satisfaction in the virtual world. A more extreme example is that some teenagers in Japan are addicted to the internet, locked in their rooms all the year round, and go out to the self-service supermarket to buy necessities in the dead of night. [②]
More and more people know each other, but fewer and fewer friends. This strong contrast will make people feel lonely, and persistent loneliness will easily lead to various psychological problems such as depression. For example, there are more and more depression patients among young people. In the investigation of mental health legislation, Beijing Municipal People's Congress found that the mental health problems of college students are very serious, and the prevalence rate of depression has reached 23.66%, which means that at least 65,438+10,000 college students in Beijing suffer from different degrees of depression. [5] Depression is an important cause of suicide. It is reported that in recent years, suicide has become the first cause of death among1teenagers aged 5 to 34, accounting for about 26.04% of the total number of deaths. [6] At present, the frequent occurrence of mental illness and the rising suicide rate have become serious social problems.
To sum up, on the one hand, modern people are forced to alienate family members, on the other hand, it is difficult to make new friends in a mobile society. Emotionally, they are often in a state of malnutrition and loneliness. Many people can't adapt to this crowded and indifferent life, and various psychological and social problems caused by it are becoming more and more prominent.
Third, man and heart.
The alienation between modern people and nature and their companions has been discussed above, and the fundamental reason for the above two kinds of alienation is that modern people have not handled their own hearts well. People's life actually includes two aspects: one is to obtain materials to meet the needs of survival, and the other is to pursue spiritual peace, both of which are indispensable. In terms of material, modern people have achieved unprecedented success, but in terms of spirit, modern people seem to be getting poorer and poorer. To get inner peace and satisfaction, we must give life meaning, and what can give life meaning must come from outside life, that is, lofty or sacred ideals higher than reality. For the traditional west, Christianity endows it with the theological color of traditional life; For traditional China, the mainstream Confucian ethics endows personal life with moral brilliance. However, what is the state of people's spiritual world after "God is dead" and "Down with Kongjiadian"? For the west, German scholar Zhiwen Sun described this state as follows: "Once God leaves man, man loses himself and his whole world, because man himself and everything come from God. Once a person cancels his unique relationship with God, that is, after he claims that he owes nothing to God and has earned everything, everything loses its meaning to him. Soon, everything will be out of his control, and the illusion of emptiness and confusion will immediately bother him. Nihilism immediately appeared, and now we can clearly understand why people can no longer get the power of protection, comfort and treatment from nature and their companions ... The alienation from companions and nature is because people alienated God first ... Therefore, people's loneliness today has unprecedented influence and profound feelings. " [7] (P83) As a priest, Mr. Sun's exposition may contain certain religious feelings, but the loneliness and nothingness he reveals after human beings abandon their faith cannot be avoided. Therefore, nothingness, fear and despair pervade the spiritual world of westerners and become an important topic for philosophers to study. For China, we must trace back to the mainstream values of Chinese people in history, and Confucianism undoubtedly has the widest and deepest influence on China people. Confucianism was only one of hundred schools of thought in the pre-Qin period, and it became the social orthodoxy of China for more than 2,000 years after being "exclusive" by the rulers of the Han Dynasty. In this process, Confucianism goes through official schools, academies, private schools, imperial examinations and other educational forms and systems, through the "middlemen" of traditional cultures such as officials, folk gentlemen and warlocks, and through cultural media such as printing, drama, storytelling and novels [③].
The important goal of Confucian education is to improve people's inner cultivation. He believes that all external things, including the governance of the world, should be realized through one's internal cultivation. This is the so-called "inner saints and outer kings". For example, Mencius said that "a gentleman should be self-disciplined, cultivate one's morality, and level the world", and "University" even put forward a step-by-step method of "cultivating one's morality, governing the country and leveling the world". The so-called self-cultivation, the most fundamental thing is to improve their moral level, such as the Confucian "three immortals", with "virtue" as the top. [4] Taking "self-cultivation" as the starting point of life ideal and social ideal, the education of moral ethics and life values has become the core content of traditional education.
In modern times, the western science and technology culture, with the weapon of building a strong ship and making a strong gun, stung the ancient thinking of China people. The extraordinary skills that were despised by incompetent gentlemen have trampled on the interests and dignity of China people, so the social trend of thought has changed suddenly, from "learning from foreigners" at the technical level to "learning from foreigners" at the institutional and spiritual levels. In this process, traditional Confucianism has been criticized and abandoned. Up to now, it is difficult to achieve the goal of moral education and outlook on life education by examining the current education system and its contents, or taking knowledge into account in the examination, or just floating in slogan propaganda. If moral education and outlook on life education are lacking or insufficient, education can only become a tool and means for people to pursue their desires. Without moral constraints, people's desires will expand. What is a life guided by desire? On the one hand, aiming desire is often unstable, because a desire is easily disturbed and influenced by new desires. For example, many young students now lack lofty ideals and clear life goals, and they are often weak-willed and unable to persevere in the process of work and study, largely because their pursuit of goals is still limited to desire. On the other hand, desire is endless. When a desire satisfies a new desire, it is said that it is difficult to fill the blank. Taking desire as the goal of life can only lead to emptiness, confusion and confusion. At the same time, the excessive expansion of personal desires will bring serious social problems. People often sigh that there is a reason for the moral decline in modern society. In view of the above, while imparting knowledge and technical training, modern education should also strengthen the study of outlook on life and values according to the characteristics of different cultures, starting from their traditional philosophy of life and combining the characteristics of modern life. Although in the pluralistic information society, various ideas and values collide fiercely, and it is impossible to stipulate a unified standard, it is still the proper meaning of education to guide people to pay attention to their own hearts, explore the value and significance of life in the complicated and changeable modern life, and take this as a starting point to deal with the relationship between man and nature and between people. Concluding remarks
There are many social problems in today's society, but in the end they can all be attributed to three relationships: man and nature, man and man, and man and heart. How do these three relationships deal with human survival and happiness? However, in today's society, people have not handled the above three relationships well, so that people are isolated from nature, separated from each other, and their inner anxiety lacks direction, which seems to lead them into a lonely life. Perhaps the perfect life will never be realized, and human beings can only pursue it in stumbling forever.
Are we more connected or lonely? Everyone is lonely sometimes. It usually lasts only a short time.
However, for some people, loneliness may last for years. Researchers say there are three types of loneliness.
The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type.
It usually disappears quickly and doesn't need any special attention. Secondly, situational loneliness is the natural result of specific situations, such as family problems and the death of friends.
Are we closer or lonelier through mobile phone contact?
Many lists on the mobile phone
When I have something to say, I don't know who to call.
When there was no cell phone, we had a good time.
Does online contact with friends bring us closer or alienate us? Write an English composition. Nowadays, many people are pursuing such a lifestyle and working style that they contact their friends online. As far as I'm concerned, I think even if we are alone, we are closer than before.
There is a reason for this. First of all, with the development of society, many advanced equipment and technologies have been manufactured, which has led to the improvement of people's living standards. Therefore, many people need to be good at computer operation. Secondly, the Internet connects the world closely, so people think that they can communicate with colleagues or friends at home and abroad without leaving the room.
In a word, we don't deny that people can contact through the internet at any time. We are more closely connected than ever before.
Ask for help (should I contact more or be lonely? I am a lively and active boy. I can't sit still, as if there are nails on the stool. My mother said I was born with a wrong attribute-I don't belong to a pig, I should belong to a monkey. I don't like competing with others yet. Mother thinks that Go is a game for the wise, which can cultivate a person's quiet temperament. In order to calm myself down, I decided to learn Go. When I was in the third grade, I entered Tianyuan Chess Institute and started to get in touch with Go. Once, at Tianyuan Chess Institute, I played a game with a high-level classmate. I sat quietly in my seat, made full use of the power of the wild, carefully laid out, immersed myself in the world of Go, and forgot the laughter of other students outside ... Finally, I won. Another time, I played chess with my father. From the beginning, we had a tight bite, and it was difficult to tell the outcome. The game became more and more complicated. I couldn't sit still, so I stood up and began to shake my head and touch the east and west. Dad actually took advantage of me to eat a large piece ... I lost. Dad smiled at me several times, and I understood why I lost, because I didn't calm down. At the beginning of the "Primary School Go Championship" held in Loudi in September this year, I was not sure at all, but my opponent was full of confidence and stared at me with his proud eyes: "See how I can beat you". I tried to calm myself down, sit quietly, exert myself again, lay out carefully, forget the noise on the field and sink into the chess game. As a result, I won again. I had a good start, and I pursued my victory. I won four games in one go. The teacher gave me a thumbs up: "Yin Muyun is good." After the game, my mother praised me and said that as long as I calm down, I will definitely get good grades. I think it might be. At the chess house and at home, I kept looking for my opponent to play chess and exercise my meditation ability, and gradually I became less anxious. I can sit quietly for a while. I have also become braver, experienced the winner's success, and understood that competing with others can make me better and more confident. I changed because of Go, and grew up learning chess.
Is the relationship between people closer or farther? Can you write an English composition? Laziness is human nature. No one wants to work hard, make progress, be diligent and go all out at birth, because that is just a method that people who are not lazy follow, a simple formula that must have an answer and countless precedents to follow.
In that case, why does God give us the gift of laziness? Because there are lazy people, there will be fast and efficient ways to seek and learn to solve problems, because there is this nature.
I am not a diligent person. So I always have a bunch of "ghost ideas", which are incredible and amazing. I don't like taking notes I think writing notes is a very troublesome thing-it takes a lot of time and energy, which is not something a lazy person will do! So many minutes can make me have more leisure and happiness!
Yes, the essence of English is to master vocabulary, so we should hurry up, or insist on memorizing more words every day, so that we can recite the basic meaning first and then expand the package continuously. If you don't have enough vocabulary, you don't have to do the problem. It's no use. The Truth of English Vocabulary for Postgraduate Entrance Examination can be recited out of order, so you should remember it firmly. Almost later, I began to do the problem. I'm talking about "analysis and comments on English real questions for postgraduate entrance examination over the years". Every question should be carefully done over and over again, carefully read and analyze, then read more, and finally make a composition and recite different types of templates.
Whether we have more contact or how lonely and more contact can increase our feelings.
Will we contact more or will we be more lonely? 100 word composition lonely journey, my life is a long journey, loneliness will always accompany me. Only I know that my life is only my own journey, and only my heart is with me. I carefully look at the vague road ahead, the direction of life behind me, and I look forward to the future. Only you get to know each other slowly, and only his life is lonely. The sweetest thing is loneliness. The happiest people are not lonely.